Vol. 4 No. 10 (2025): Modern science and research
Vol. 4 No. 10 (2025): Modern science and research
Published:
04-10-2025
Articles
17-27
43
18
O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI ASOSIY MAKROIQTISODIY KO’RSATGICHLARI O’ZARO BOG’LIQLIGINING KORRELYATSION-REGRESSION TAHLILI
Mazkur maqolada O’zbekiston Respublikasining asosiy makroiqtisodiy ko‘rsatkichlari o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro bog‘liqlikni aniqlash va baholashda korrelatsion-regression tahlil usullaridan foydalanish masalalari yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda yalpi ichki mahsulot (YaIM), inflyatsiya darajasi, Yalpi tashqi qarz miqdori kabi asosiy makroiqtisodiy ko‘rsatkichlar tanlab olingan hamda ularning o‘zaro statistik bog‘liqligi aniqlangan. Korrelatsiya koeffitsiyentlari asosida indikatorlar o‘rtasidagi kuchli va zaif bog‘lanishlar tahlil qilingan. Regression model orqali esa bir ko‘rsatkichdagi o‘zgarishning boshqalariga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishi aniqlangan.
Tadqiqot natijalari iqtisodiy siyosatni shakllantirishda, xususan, makroiqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta’minlashda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Shuningdek, maqolada statistik dasturlardan foydalanish orqali olingan natijalar asosida amaliy tavsiyalar berilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari O’zbekiston iqtisodiy siyosatini shakllantirishda, prognozlar tuzishda va barqaror rivojlanishni ta’minlashda ilmiy asoslangan yondashuvlarni taklif etishga xizmat qiladi.
Tadqiqot natijalari iqtisodiy siyosatni shakllantirishda, xususan, makroiqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta’minlashda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Shuningdek, maqolada statistik dasturlardan foydalanish orqali olingan natijalar asosida amaliy tavsiyalar berilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari O’zbekiston iqtisodiy siyosatini shakllantirishda, prognozlar tuzishda va barqaror rivojlanishni ta’minlashda ilmiy asoslangan yondashuvlarni taklif etishga xizmat qiladi.
28-32
42
10
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING CLINICAL TERMINOLOGY IN LATIN
Latin clinical terminology, which encompasses the names of diseases, symptoms, syndromes, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic methods, continues to serve as a universal foundation of medical communication. Its accurate teaching ensures linguistic precision, international understanding, and professional competence among medical students.
The aim of this paper is to analyze methodological aspects of teaching Latin clinical terminology, emphasizing both traditional and innovative approaches, as well as the role of morphological analysis in mastering clinical vocabulary.
The aim of this paper is to analyze methodological aspects of teaching Latin clinical terminology, emphasizing both traditional and innovative approaches, as well as the role of morphological analysis in mastering clinical vocabulary.
33-36
43
9
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ СЕЛЕКТИВНЫЙ ГИДРОГЕНИЗАЦИИ АЦЕТИЛЕНА: ТРАДИЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ Pd/Al2O3 И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ЭЛЕКТРО- И ФОТОКАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ
Селективная гидрогенизация ацетилена в этилен является критическим этапом в производстве полимерного этилена, используемого для синтеза полиэтилена и других востребованных материалов. Даже минимальные примеси ацетилена (более 5 ppm) снижают активность катализаторов полимеризации, что обусловливает необходимость разработки эффективных и селективных катализаторов.
В работе рассмотрены основные промышленные катализаторы на основе Pd/Al₂O₃, включая модифицированные системы Pd–Ag, Pd–Sn, Pd–In и Pd–Au, а также новые направления, связанные с электро- и фотокаталитическими процессами. Приведён сравнительный анализ их механизма действия, преимуществ и ограничений. Показано, что традиционные катализаторы Pd–Ag остаются промышленным стандартом, тогда как системы Pd–Sn и Pd–In демонстрируют повышенную селективность и устойчивость, а Pd–Au позволяют работать в мягких условиях. Особое внимание уделено перспективам электро- и фотокатализаторов, которые открывают возможности «зелёной химии» за счёт генерации водорода in situ.
В работе рассмотрены основные промышленные катализаторы на основе Pd/Al₂O₃, включая модифицированные системы Pd–Ag, Pd–Sn, Pd–In и Pd–Au, а также новые направления, связанные с электро- и фотокаталитическими процессами. Приведён сравнительный анализ их механизма действия, преимуществ и ограничений. Показано, что традиционные катализаторы Pd–Ag остаются промышленным стандартом, тогда как системы Pd–Sn и Pd–In демонстрируют повышенную селективность и устойчивость, а Pd–Au позволяют работать в мягких условиях. Особое внимание уделено перспективам электро- и фотокатализаторов, которые открывают возможности «зелёной химии» за счёт генерации водорода in situ.
37-38
32
12
HALQALI PARAZITLARNING BIOLOGIK XUSUSIYATLARI, TARQALISHI VA INSON SALOMATLIGIGA TA’SIRI
Ushbu maqolada halqali parazitlarning (helmintlar) umumiy biologik xususiyatlari, rivojlanish bosqichlari, ekologik muhitga moslashuvchanligi va inson salomatligiga ta’siri yoritilgan. Ilmiy adabiyotlar va amaliy tadqiqotlar tahliliga asoslanib, parazitlarning keng tarqalish sabablari, ular chaqiradigan kasalliklarning klinik belgilariga alohida e’tibor qaratildi. Shuningdek, samarali profilaktika choralarini amalga oshirish va antihelmintik vositalardan foydalanishning dolzarbligi muhokama qilindi. Maqolada xalqaro tajribaga asoslangan ma’lumotlar bilan bir qatorda, O‘zbekiston hududida uchraydigan parazitlar misol tariqasida tahlil qilindi.
39-40
44
18
СТРАХОВАНИЕ И ПСИХИАТРИЯ
В статье рассматриваются современные подходы к организации специализированной медицинской помощи психически больным в условиях внедрения системы медицинского страхования. Проанализированы проблемы доступности и качества психиатрической помощи, выявлены организационные и экономические барьеры, а также предложены направления совершенствования работы медицинских учреждений.
4-9
1165
167
MUSTAQILLIK YILLARIDA TA’LIM SOHASIDAGI ISLOHOTLAR VA ULARNING SAMARALI NATIJALARI
Oʻzbekiston 1991-yil 31-avgustda mustaqillikka erishgach, jamiyatning barcha jabhalarida, xususan, ta’lim tizimida yangi davr talablariga moslashish zarurati paydo bo’ldi. Mustaqillik mamlakat oldida iqtisodiy rivojlanish, ijtimoiy barqarorlik va global integratsiya uchun mustahkam zamin yaratish vazifasini qo’ydi. Bu jarayonda ta’lim tizimi asosiy omil sifatida ko’rildi, chunki bilimli kadrlar jamiyatning kelajagini belgilaydi. Sovet Ittifoqi davrida ta’lim tizimi markazlashgan boshqaruvga asoslangan bo’lib, asosan rus tilida olib borilar va ittifoq siyosatiga xizmat qilar edi. O’zbek tilining o’rni cheklangan, mahalliy xalqlarning madaniy ehtiyojlari esa ko’pincha e’tiborsiz qolar edi. Mustaqillikdan so’ng ta’lim tizimini milliy qadryatlar asosida qayta qurish va uni zamonaviy talablarga moslashtirish dolzarb vazifaga aylandi.
Modernizatsiya zaruriyatining asosiy sabablari iqtisodiy, ijtimoiy va global omillarga bog’liq edi. Iqtisodiy jihatdan, mustaqil davlat bozor iqtisodiyotiga o’tish uchun malakali mutaxassislar tayyorlashga muhtoj edi. Ijtimoiy nuqtai nazardan, ta’lim orqali aholining bilim saviyasini oshirish va teng huquqlilikni ta’minlash lozim edi. Global integratsiya esa xalqaro standartlarga mos ta’lim tizimini shakllantirishni talab qildi. Shu sababli, ta’lim sohasidagi islohotlar nafaqat bilim berish vositasi, balki milliy birlashuv va kelajakni shakllantirishning muhim mexanizmi sifatida qaraldi. Chunki huquqiy, iqtisodiy va ma’naviy sohalarda amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlarning asosiy maqsadi barcha fuqarolarning hayotini ijtimoiy jihatdan qo’llab-quvvatlash, ularning yashash darajasini oshirish, ma’naviy dunyosini boyitish hamda eng muhimi, ozod va obod Vatan, erkin va farovon hayot barpo etishdan iboratdir.
Modernizatsiya zaruriyatining asosiy sabablari iqtisodiy, ijtimoiy va global omillarga bog’liq edi. Iqtisodiy jihatdan, mustaqil davlat bozor iqtisodiyotiga o’tish uchun malakali mutaxassislar tayyorlashga muhtoj edi. Ijtimoiy nuqtai nazardan, ta’lim orqali aholining bilim saviyasini oshirish va teng huquqlilikni ta’minlash lozim edi. Global integratsiya esa xalqaro standartlarga mos ta’lim tizimini shakllantirishni talab qildi. Shu sababli, ta’lim sohasidagi islohotlar nafaqat bilim berish vositasi, balki milliy birlashuv va kelajakni shakllantirishning muhim mexanizmi sifatida qaraldi. Chunki huquqiy, iqtisodiy va ma’naviy sohalarda amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlarning asosiy maqsadi barcha fuqarolarning hayotini ijtimoiy jihatdan qo’llab-quvvatlash, ularning yashash darajasini oshirish, ma’naviy dunyosini boyitish hamda eng muhimi, ozod va obod Vatan, erkin va farovon hayot barpo etishdan iboratdir.
10-12
33
11
РАСКРЫТИЕ ИНФОРМАЦИИ О ФИНАНСИРОВАНИИ ТРЕТЬЕЙ СТОРОНОЙ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ АРБИТРАЖЕ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПРОЗРАЧНОСТИ И БЕСПРИСТРАСТНОСТИ АРБИТРОВ
Определить оптимальную модель регулирования раскрытия информации о финансировании третьей стороной в международном арбитраже для эффективного предотвращения конфликтов интересов и обеспечения прозрачности разбирательства.
4-5
48
17
TYUTOR ISHINING ILIMIY ASOSLORI VA TALIM JAROYANIDAGI AHAMIYATI
Ushbu tezisda zamonaviy ta’lim tizimida tyutor faoliyatining mazmuni, vazifalari hamda talabalarning o‘quv va shaxsiy rivojlanishidagi ahamiyati yoritiladi. Tyutorlik faoliyatining ilmiy-pedagogik asoslari, innovatsion texnologiyalar bilan uyg‘unligi hamda ta’lim sifatiga qo‘shadigan hissasi tahlil qilinadi.
6-9
109
24
SOVET DAVRIDA TARIX TAʼLIMINING OʻQITISH METODIKASI VA TEXNOLOGIYALARI
Tarix ta’limi jamiyat taraqqiyotining muhim tarkibiy qismi bo‘lib, yosh avlodning tarixiy xotirasini shakllantiribgina qolmasdan, milliy g‘urur va o‘zlikni anglash jarayonida muhim vosita bo’lib hisoblanadi. Turli hil davrda tarix fanining o‘qitilishi hukmron mafkuraga, zamon va makonga bog‘liq bo‘lib, siyosiy tuzum tomonidan shakllantirilgan ta’lim siyosatiga mos holda isloh qilinib olib boriladi. Xususan, Sovet Ittifoqi davrida tarix fanining o‘qitilishiga jiddiy e’tibor berilib, qat’iy nazorat ostida bo‘lib, bu davrda kommunistik mafkura asosiy yo‘nalish qilib belgilangan va tarix ta’limi o‘quvchilar ongiga sovet qadriyatlarini singdirish, ularni sodiq kommunistlar qilib tarbiyalashni maqsad qilingan edi.
Sovet ta’lim tizimi tarixiy jarayonlarni faqat marksistik-lenincha nuqtayi nazardan yoritish, ijtimoiy taraqqiyotni sinfiy kurash orqali tushuntirish hamda proletariat diktaturasini oqlash kabi yo‘nalishlarni o‘z oldiga ustuvor vazifa etib belgilab qo‘ydi. Darsliklar, metodika va ta’lim texnologiyalari ushbu g‘oyalarni targ‘ib qilish uchun takomillashtirib, moslashtirib borildi. Tarix darslari shunchaki o‘tmishni o‘rganish uchungina emas, balki bolalar ongiga sovet mafkurasini singdirish vositasi sifatida ham qaraldi. Ushbu maqolada Sovet davrida tarix fani siyosiy tuzum uchun muhim deb hisoblanib, ta’lim tizimining mafkuraviy asosi bo‘lib xizmat qildirilganligi haqida tanishasiz.
Sovet ta’lim tizimi tarixiy jarayonlarni faqat marksistik-lenincha nuqtayi nazardan yoritish, ijtimoiy taraqqiyotni sinfiy kurash orqali tushuntirish hamda proletariat diktaturasini oqlash kabi yo‘nalishlarni o‘z oldiga ustuvor vazifa etib belgilab qo‘ydi. Darsliklar, metodika va ta’lim texnologiyalari ushbu g‘oyalarni targ‘ib qilish uchun takomillashtirib, moslashtirib borildi. Tarix darslari shunchaki o‘tmishni o‘rganish uchungina emas, balki bolalar ongiga sovet mafkurasini singdirish vositasi sifatida ham qaraldi. Ushbu maqolada Sovet davrida tarix fani siyosiy tuzum uchun muhim deb hisoblanib, ta’lim tizimining mafkuraviy asosi bo‘lib xizmat qildirilganligi haqida tanishasiz.
10-13
55
20
MAKTABGACHA TA’LIM TIZIMIDA RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALARDAN FOYDALANISHNING NAZARIY ASOSLARI
Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha ta’lim tizimida raqamli texnologiyalarning foydalanilishi, ularning pedagogik-psixologik, didaktik va axloqiy jihatdan foydalari, zamonaviy taxnalogiyalar hamda metodik yondashuvlar bilan bog’liqliqligi haqida fikirlar keltirilgan. Hamda bolalarning yuksalishiga raqamli texnologiyalarning ko‘rsatadigan ta’siri ulardan samarali foydalanish bo‘yicha fikirlar keltirilgan.
14-16
45
13
O‘ZBEKISTON MADANIY MEROSI ASOSIDA INGLIZ TILI O‘QITISHNING INNOVATSION CLIL METODLARI
Mazkur tezis ingliz tili ta’limi jarayonida O‘zbekistonning boy madaniy merosini CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) yondashuvi orqali integratsiyalashning nazariy va amaliy jihatlarini tahlil qiladi. CLIL metodikasi talabalar uchun chet tilini mazmuniy kontekst bilan uyg‘un holda o‘zlashtirish, milliy qadriyatlarni anglash hamda madaniyatlararo kompetensiyani shakllantirishda samarali didaktik vosita sifatida baholanadi. Tadqiqot natijalari ushbu yondashuvning innovatsion metodlar yordamida ta’lim samaradorligini oshirish barobarida, O‘zbekiston madaniy merosini xalqaro ilmiy-pedagogik maydonda keng targ‘ib etish imkonini berishini ko‘rsatadi.
17-20
47
13
IQTISODIYOTNING RIVOJLANISHIDA INNOVATSIYALARNING O’RNI
Ushbu maqolaning dolzarbligi quyidagi bir-biriga bog‘liq holatlar bilan belgilanadi: birinchidan, milliy innovatsiya tizimi shakllanishi hozirgi davrda juda sekin yuz berayotgan va qarama-qarshiliklarga ega bo‘lgan ja rayon bo‘lib, uning samaradorligini oshirishga qaratilgan chora-tadbirlar majmuasi ishlab chiqish zaruriyati mavjud. Buning uchun milliy innovatsiya tizimi, innovatsion iqtisodiyot mohiyati va mazmunini o‘rganish bo‘yicha tadqiqotlar olib borilishi, milliy innovatsiya tizimining konseptual modelini aniqlashtirish talab etiladi. Ikkinchidan, milliy innovatsiya tizimlarini shakllantirishning turli modellarining yuzaga kelishi va ularning eng samaralisini tanlash muammosi innovatsion rivojlanish modellari tasnifini shakllantirish zaruriyatini belgilab berib, bu mamlakat innovatsiya tizimining hozirgi bosqichdagi holatiga baho berish hamda uni rivojlantirish istiqbollarini aniqlash imkonini beradi.
25-31
31
16
LOYIHALARNI MOLIYALASHTIRISHDA XALQARO KREDIT LINIYALARIDAN SAMARALI FOYDALANISH MASALALARI
Maqolada loyihalarni moliyalashtirish jarayonida xalqaro kredit liniyalarining o‘rni va ularning samarali foydalanish mexanizmlari tahlil qilingan. Xalqaro moliya institutlari – Jahon banki, Osiyo taraqqiyot banki, Islom taraqqiyot banki, Yevropa tiklanish va taraqqiyot banki hamda boshqa donor tashkilotlar tomonidan ajratilayotgan moliyaviy resurslarning iqtisodiyotdagi strategik loyihalarni qo‘llab-quvvatlashdagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Shuningdek, xalqaro kredit liniyalaridan foydalanishda yuzaga kelayotgan muammolar – tashqi qarzdorlikning ortishi, loyihalarning samaradorlik ko‘rsatkichlarini to‘liq hisobga olmaslik va monitoring mexanizmlarining yetarli darajada takomillashmaganligi muhokama etilgan. Maqolada qiyosiy tahlil asosida xorijiy mamlakatlar tajribasi o‘rganilib, O‘zbekiston sharoitida xalqaro kredit liniyalaridan foydalanish samaradorligini oshirish uchun institutsional islohotlar, risk-menejment tizimlarini kuchaytirish hamda davlat-xususiy sheriklik asosida moliyalashtirish mexanizmlarini kengaytirish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.
32-37
127
35
BANKLARDA MUAMMOLI KREDITLAR BILAN ISHLASH SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH YO'LLARI (HAMKORBANK ATB MISOLIDA)
Mazkur ilmiy maqola tijorat banklarida muammoli kreditlar (non-performing loans – NPL) bilan ishlash samaradorligini oshirish masalasiga bag‘ishlangan bo‘lib, “Hamkorbank” ATB misolida tahlil qilingan. Muammoli kreditlar banklarning moliyaviy barqarorligi, rentabelligi va mijozlar ishonchiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Shu bois ularni boshqarish va qaytarilishini ta’minlash bugungi kunda banklar oldida turgan eng dolzarb vazifalardan biridir. Maqolada muammoli kreditlarning paydo bo‘lish sabablari, “Hamkorbank” ATBda mavjud amaliyot, xalqaro tajriba va ilg‘or yondashuvlar o‘rganilgan.
Shuningdek, muammoli kreditlarni kamaytirishning samarali mexanizmlari sifatida kredit tahlilini chuqurlashtirish, raqamli monitoring tizimlarini joriy etish, restrukturizatsiya jarayonini soddalashtirish va kredit sug‘urtasidan keng foydalanish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari banklar faoliyatida risklarni kamaytirish, moliyaviy barqarorlikni mustahkamlash hamda mijozlar bilan hamkorlikni yanada kuchaytirishga xizmat qiladi.
Shuningdek, muammoli kreditlarni kamaytirishning samarali mexanizmlari sifatida kredit tahlilini chuqurlashtirish, raqamli monitoring tizimlarini joriy etish, restrukturizatsiya jarayonini soddalashtirish va kredit sug‘urtasidan keng foydalanish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari banklar faoliyatida risklarni kamaytirish, moliyaviy barqarorlikni mustahkamlash hamda mijozlar bilan hamkorlikni yanada kuchaytirishga xizmat qiladi.
38-42
42
9
«ESKI SHAHARNING MA’NAVIY TIMSOLI - “TO‘XTABOYVACHCHA” MASJIDI»
Maqolada Toshkent shahrida joylashgan “To‘xtaboyvachcha” jome masjidining tarixi va me’moriy xususiyatlari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, masjid devorlari va peshtoqlariga bitilgan epigrafik yodgorliklar, ya’ni Qur’on oyatlari va hadislar tahlil etilgan.
Unda qo‘llangan xat turlari (suls va nasx), ularning ma’naviy va estetik ahamiyati haqida fikr bildirilgan. Masjid tarixi orqali mahalliy jamiyatning diniy-ma’naviy hayoti ham ochib berilgan.
Unda qo‘llangan xat turlari (suls va nasx), ularning ma’naviy va estetik ahamiyati haqida fikr bildirilgan. Masjid tarixi orqali mahalliy jamiyatning diniy-ma’naviy hayoti ham ochib berilgan.
43-48
46
19
TIJORAT BANKLARINI SOLIQQA TORTISHDAGI MUAMMOLAR VA ULARNING HISOBINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Maqolada tijorat banklarini soliqqa tortish jarayonidagi dolzarb muammolar, ularning sabablari va iqtisodiy oqibatlari tahlil qilingan. O‘zbekiston bank tizimida amalda qo‘llanilayotgan soliqqa tortish mexanizmlari, ularning xalqaro tajribadagi o‘rni va farqli jihatlari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, soliqqa tortish jarayonining tijorat banklari faoliyati samaradorligiga ta’siri statistik ma’lumotlar asosida baholangan. Tadqiqot natijalarida soliq yukining ortib borishi, soliqqa tortish tizimida tabaqalashtirilmagan yondashuv va byurokratik jarayonlarning murakkabligi asosiy muammo sifatida ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Muallif tomonidan banklarni soliqqa tortish tizimini optimallashtirish, soliq hisobi jarayonlarini raqamlashtirish, shaffoflikni oshirish hamda xalqaro moliyaviy institutlar tavsiyalaridan foydalanish orqali soliq mexanizmlarini takomillashtirish bo‘yicha ilmiy-amaliy takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.
49-52
48
21
TALABALAR GURUHIDAGI NIZOLARNI TUSHUNISH UCHUN IJTIMOIY IDINTIFIKATSIYA NAZARIYASI
Guruh ichidagi nizolarni tushunish va ularni sabablarini aniqlash uchun dastlab guruh psixologiyasini, guruhga xos bo’lgan alohida jihatlarni batafsis tushunib olish lozim. Quyida Henri Tarfel va John Turner tomonidan taklif etilgan ijtimoiy idintifikatsiya nazariyasida shu kabi masalarga boshqa muaaliflardan farqli nuqtai nazar bilan yondoshganligini guvohi bo’lishingiz mumkin.
53-56
40
14
VITAGEN TAJRIBAGA EGALIKNING TADBIRKORLIK KOMPETENSIYALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISHDAGI AHAMIYATI
Maqolada vitagen tajriba asosida talabalarda tadbirkorlik kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish jarayoni tashxisiy xarakterga ega ekanligi ta’kidlanadi. Shu sababli talabalarning tadbirkorlik kompetensiyalarini shakllantirish va rivojlantirishda asosiy omil bo‘luvchi vitagen tajribaga egalik darajasini aniqlash hamda uni baholash zaruriyati yuzaga keladi.
57-68
43
15
KICHIK BIZNES VA XUSUSIY TADBIRKORLIK SUB’YEKTLARINI QO‘LLAB-QUVVATLASHNI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH (AT “XALQ BANKI” MISOLIDA)
Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasida kichik biznes va xususiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish jarayonlarining iqtisodiy ahamiyati, ularni moliyaviy jihatdan qo‘llab-quvvatlashning hozirgi holati va istiqbollari AT “Xalq banki” misolida tahlil qilingan.
Tadqiqot davomida kichik biznes sub’yektlariga ko‘rsatilayotgan kredit, mikromoliyaviy va maslahat xizmatlarining samaradorligi baholanib, mavjud muammolar hamda ularni bartaraf etish yo‘llari o‘rganilgan. Maqolada, shuningdek, Xalq banki faoliyatida kichik tadbirkorlikni moliyaviy qo‘llab-quvvatlashni raqamlashtirish, mikrokreditlash tizimini soddalashtirish va xalqaro tajribalar asosida yangi moliyaviy instrumentlarni joriy etish bo‘yicha takliflar ilgari surilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari kichik biznesni rivojlantirishda bank-moliya tizimining rolini kuchaytirish, iqtisodiy faollikni oshirish va bandlikni ta’minlashga xizmat qiladi.
Tadqiqot davomida kichik biznes sub’yektlariga ko‘rsatilayotgan kredit, mikromoliyaviy va maslahat xizmatlarining samaradorligi baholanib, mavjud muammolar hamda ularni bartaraf etish yo‘llari o‘rganilgan. Maqolada, shuningdek, Xalq banki faoliyatida kichik tadbirkorlikni moliyaviy qo‘llab-quvvatlashni raqamlashtirish, mikrokreditlash tizimini soddalashtirish va xalqaro tajribalar asosida yangi moliyaviy instrumentlarni joriy etish bo‘yicha takliflar ilgari surilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari kichik biznesni rivojlantirishda bank-moliya tizimining rolini kuchaytirish, iqtisodiy faollikni oshirish va bandlikni ta’minlashga xizmat qiladi.
41-45
43
8
ВОЗРАСТНЫЕ И АРТРИТНЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ СТОП ПОЖИЛЫХ ЖЕНЩИН И КОНСТРУКЦИЯ ОБУВИ НА ИХ ОСНОВЕ
С увеличением продолжительности жизни и численности пожилого населения возрастает потребность в адаптированных средствах индивидуальной защиты и комфорта, включая обувь. В настоящей работе проведён анализ морфологических изменений стоп у женщин в возрасте 60 лет и старше, с акцентом на возрастные и артритные деформации. Исследование включало антропометрические измерения, визуальную оценку и опросы 50 пожилых женщин, разделённых на группы с признаками артрита и без него. Результаты показали существенное увеличение ширины переднего отдела стопы, снижение высоты сводов, увеличение угла вальгусной деформации и выраженные жалобы на стандартную обувь. На основе полученных данных предложены конструктивные решения по созданию обуви, учитывающей особенности стопы у пожилых женщин: расширенная колодка, анатомическая стелька, мягкие регулируемые материалы и устойчивость подошвы. Работа имеет практическое значение для проектировщиков ортопедической и профилактической обуви, а также для специалистов в области гериатрии и эргономики.
46-48
50
20
KVINOA (CHENOPODIUM QUINOVA WILLD.) VA UNING UMUMIY TAHLILIY TAVSIFI
Ushbu maqolada hozirgi kunda oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi muammolarini hal etishda o‘z o‘rnini egallayotgan kvinoa o‘simligining umumiy tavsifi ya’ni uning umumiy xususiyatlari, dunyo bo‘yicha tarqalishi, tarkibiy jihatidan foydalanish sohalari keltirilgan.
Shuningdek ushbu maqolada kvinoa o‘simligi to‘g‘risida dunyo olimlari tomonidan o‘tkazilgan tadqiqotlar asosida olingan fikr-mulohazalar ham keltirilgan.
Shuningdek ushbu maqolada kvinoa o‘simligi to‘g‘risida dunyo olimlari tomonidan o‘tkazilgan tadqiqotlar asosida olingan fikr-mulohazalar ham keltirilgan.
13-15
57
15
RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALARNING BOLALAR RUHIY SALOMATLIGIGA SALBIY TA’SIRINING OLDINI OLISH: OTA-ONALAR UCHUN PSIXOLOGIK TAVSIYALAR
Ushbu maqola raqamli texnologiyalarning bolalar ruhiy salomatligiga salbiy ta’sirini o‘rganishga va ota-onalarga psixologik asoslangan tavsiyalar berishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqotning maqsadi – smartfonlar, planshetlar va ijtimoiy tarmoqlarning bolalarning ruhiy holatiga ta’sirini tahlil qilish va bu ta’sirni yumshatish yo‘llarini aniqlash. Nazariy tahlil va adabiyotlar sharhi shuni ko‘rsatadiki, raqamli texnologiyalarning haddan tashqari ishlatilishi uyqusizlik, tashvish, depressiya va ijtimoiy izolyatsiyaga olib keladi. Tadqiqotda 100 nafar ota-ona va ularning bolalari ishtirok etgan so‘rovnoma natijalari tahlil qilindi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, kuniga 3 soatdan ortiq ekran vaqti bolalarning kognitiv va emotsional holatiga salbiy ta’sir qiladi. Maqola ota-onalarga ekran vaqtini cheklash, ochiq muloqot va muqobil faoliyatlarni rag‘batlantirish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar taqdim etadi.
49-53
73
20
TADBIRKORLIK KOMPETENSIYALARINI SHAKLLANTIRISHDA VITAGEN TAJRIBANING PEDAGOGIK IMKONIYATLARI
Vitagen tajriba asosida talabalarda tadbirkorlik kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish jarayoni diagnostik (tashxisiy) xarakterga ega bo‘lib, u talabalarni maxsus ishlab chiqilgan test sinovlari hamda sohaga oid amaliy topshiriqlarni bajarishga jalb qilish orqali tashkil etildi. Ushbu jarayon talabalarning nazariy bilimlarini amaliy faoliyat bilan uyg‘unlashtirish, shuningdek, ularning tadbirkorlikka oid kompetensiyalarini baholash va bosqichma-bosqich rivojlantirishga xizmat qiladi.
21-24
40
17
DAVLAT ORGANLARI (TASHKILOTLARINING) RAQOBATGA ZID XATTI-HARAKATLARI TUSHUNCHASI, BELGILARI VA UNGA TA’SIR ETUVCHI OMILLAR
ushbu tezisda davlat organlari, tashkilotlarining raqobatga zid xatti-harakatlari va uning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari, shu bilan birga hozirgi kunda qonunchilikdagi muammoli jihatlar, ularning tahlili hamda taklif va tavsiyalarga alohida e’tibor berildi.
25-29
43
19
ADVOKATURA FAOLIYATIDA MEDIATSIYA VA ARBITRAJDAN FOYDALANISHNING HUQUQIY ASOSLARI VA ISTIQBOLLARI
So‘nggi yillarda O‘zbekiston Respublikasida sud-huquq islohotlarining chuqurlashuvi natijasida nizolarni hal etishning muqobil shakllari mediatsiya va arbitraj institutlarining ahamiyati ortib bormoqda. Ushbu maqolada advokatura faoliyatida mediatsiya va arbitraj mexanizmlaridan foydalanishning huquqiy asoslari, amaliy ahamiyati hamda istiqbollari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda advokatning nafaqat himoyachi, balki nizolarni tinch yo‘l bilan hal etishga qodir vositachi sifatidagi roli yoritilgan. Shuningdek, amaliyotda uchrayotgan muammolar huquqiy savodxonlik yetishmasligi, mediatsiya natijalarining ijrosi va arbitraj qarorlarini tan olish bilan bog‘liq cheklovlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola yakunida mediatsiya va arbitrajni advokatura tizimida rivojlantirish bo‘yicha taklif va tavsiyalar ilgari suriladi.
16-18
71
9
O’ZBEKISTONDA TURIZM SOHASIGA JALB QILINGAN INVESTITSIYALARNING HOZIRGI HOLATI
Ushbu maqola O’zbekistonda turizm sohasiga jalb qilingan investitsiyalarning hozirgi holati va rivojlanish tendensiyalarini tahlil qiladi.Turizmda investitsiyalarning hajmi, manbalari va ularning turizm infratuzilmasini rivojlantirish,xizmatlar sifatini oshirishdagi o‘rni ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, sohadagi ichki va tashqi investitsiyalar, davlat siyosati va iqtisodiy omillarning turizm sektoriga ta’siri kabi jihatlari tadqiq etilgan.
19-20
55
7
“YONG‘INDAN OGOHLIK” – XAVFSIZLIK VA FAROVONLIK SARI MUHIM QADAM
Bu maqolda aholining yong‘in xavfsizligi borasidagi bilim va madaniyatini oshirish qoidalari haqqida sóz etilgan.
21-25
41
9
ISLOM HUQUQIDA WAKIL (ADVOKAT) INSTITUTINING RIVOJLANISHI VA ZAMONAVIY ADVOKATURA BILAN QIYOSIY-HUQUQIY TAHLIL
Mazkur tezisda islom huquqida shakllangan “wakil” instituti va zamonaviy advokatura o‘rtasidagi qiyosiy-huquqiy tahlil yoritilgan. Islom huquqidagi wakillikning Qur’on, hadis va fiqhiy manbalardagi o‘rni hamda uning shaxs huquqlarini himoya qilishdagi ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqiladi. Zamonaviy advokatura institutining huquqiy asoslari, funksiyalari va tamoyillari bilan taqqoslab, o‘xshash va farqli jihatlar aniqlanadi. Tadqiqot natijalarida wakillik konsepsiyasining advokatura institutining tarixiy-huquqiy ildizlaridan biri sifatida qaralishi mumkinligi xulosasi beriladi.
54-59
42
19
BUKHARA – THE CENTER OF AN ANCIENT CIVILIZATION IN THE HEART OF MAVORUNNAHR
In this article, the antiquity of the city of Bukhara and its role as a political, economic, religious, and cultural center in the territory of Mawarannahr are highlighted on a scholarly basis. Through archaeological and historical sources, the lives of great scholars, and examples from oral folklore, the significance of Bukhara at the crossroads of Eastern and Western civilizations is demonstrated. Moreover, the article emphasizes that the city is still valued today as a center of historical and cultural heritage on a global scale.
60-65
90
33
IBN SINA AS A TEACHER: TEACHING METHODS IN MEDICINE
The study explores the pedagogical philosophy and methodological innovations of Ibn Sina (Avicenna), one of the most influential figures in the history of medical science and education. His teaching methods combined empirical observation, logical reasoning, and ethical instruction, forming the basis of medical pedagogy for centuries. The research analyzes his approaches to clinical training, problem-based learning, and the integration of theory with practice. It also examines his instructional style described in works such as “The Canon of Medicine,” emphasizing structured curricula, student independence, and continuous critical analysis. By interpreting Ibn Sina’s educational strategies through the lens of modern pedagogy, the study highlights their continued relevance for contemporary medical education.
His vision of the physician as both a healer and moral guide underscores the enduring importance of holistic training in medicine.
The research explores Ibn Sina’s role as a medical educator and philosopher, focusing on his innovative teaching methodology that fused theoretical knowledge, empirical observation, and moral development. His pedagogical model transcended the limitations of his time by introducing structured learning, clinical practice, and ethical responsibility as integral components of medical education. The study analyzes how his systematic approach to learning—emphasizing observation, reasoning, and mentorship—formed the foundation of scientific and ethical medical training in the Islamic Golden Age and continued to influence medical curricula in later centuries. Through textual analysis of The Canon of Medicine and other major works, the paper identifies Ibn Sina’s contribution to experiential learning, clinical reasoning, and professional ethics. The research further interprets his educational philosophy in the context of modern teaching paradigms, highlighting its enduring relevance for contemporary medical pedagogy and holistic physician formation.
His vision of the physician as both a healer and moral guide underscores the enduring importance of holistic training in medicine.
The research explores Ibn Sina’s role as a medical educator and philosopher, focusing on his innovative teaching methodology that fused theoretical knowledge, empirical observation, and moral development. His pedagogical model transcended the limitations of his time by introducing structured learning, clinical practice, and ethical responsibility as integral components of medical education. The study analyzes how his systematic approach to learning—emphasizing observation, reasoning, and mentorship—formed the foundation of scientific and ethical medical training in the Islamic Golden Age and continued to influence medical curricula in later centuries. Through textual analysis of The Canon of Medicine and other major works, the paper identifies Ibn Sina’s contribution to experiential learning, clinical reasoning, and professional ethics. The research further interprets his educational philosophy in the context of modern teaching paradigms, highlighting its enduring relevance for contemporary medical pedagogy and holistic physician formation.
66-70
304
21
IBN SINA ABOUT THE UPBRINGING AND MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD
This article explores Ibn Sina’s (Avicenna’s) philosophical and medical perspectives on the upbringing and mental development of children. Drawing upon his seminal works such as “Kitab al-Qanun fi al-Tibb” (The Canon of Medicine) and “Kitab al-Nafs” (Book of the Soul), the study analyzes how Avicenna integrated psychological, pedagogical, and ethical principles into child development. The research highlights Ibn Sina’s understanding of the interrelation between physical health, moral education, and mental maturity, emphasizing his recommendations on proper nutrition, environmental influence, and emotional balance during early childhood. Through comparative analysis with modern developmental psychology, the study shows that Ibn Sina’s insights anticipated many contemporary theories of child growth, learning, and emotional regulation. The findings confirm that his multidimensional approach, combining medical and ethical aspects, remains relevant to modern educational and healthcare systems aiming to foster holistic development in children.
The study examines Ibn Sina’s comprehensive vision of child upbringing and mental development as an integrated process that shapes intellectual, emotional, and moral capacities.
His approach combined the principles of medicine, ethics, and philosophy, recognizing that a healthy body supports a healthy mind. Ibn Sina emphasized the role of balanced nutrition, appropriate physical activity, intellectual stimulation, and moral discipline in the formation of a child’s character and reasoning abilities. The article highlights the continuity between Ibn Sina’s theories and modern developmental psychology, demonstrating how his insights anticipated contemporary understandings of neurodevelopment, emotional intelligence, and cognitive growth. His emphasis on nurturing emotional balance, moral guidance, and self-regulation remains an enduring foundation for education and pediatric mental health practices today.
The study examines Ibn Sina’s comprehensive vision of child upbringing and mental development as an integrated process that shapes intellectual, emotional, and moral capacities.
His approach combined the principles of medicine, ethics, and philosophy, recognizing that a healthy body supports a healthy mind. Ibn Sina emphasized the role of balanced nutrition, appropriate physical activity, intellectual stimulation, and moral discipline in the formation of a child’s character and reasoning abilities. The article highlights the continuity between Ibn Sina’s theories and modern developmental psychology, demonstrating how his insights anticipated contemporary understandings of neurodevelopment, emotional intelligence, and cognitive growth. His emphasis on nurturing emotional balance, moral guidance, and self-regulation remains an enduring foundation for education and pediatric mental health practices today.
71-75
43
10
SAMARKAND - THE BEAUTY OF THE EARTH
This article is devoted to the study of the historical and cultural significance of Samarkand, the beauty of the city square in harmony with nature and the sajkali royi zaminas (i.e., the unique natural and aesthetic aspects of the urban landscape). The study analyzes the harmony of the city center, its surrounding landscape, historical buildings and the natural environment with each other. The article also discusses the ecological and touristic significance of the sajkali royi zaminas of the city, its connection with historical heritage.
76-80
65
31
“10 TA NEGR BOLASI” ASARIDA AGATA KRISTINING MAXSUS STILISTIK YONDASHUVI
This article scientifically analyzes the individual style of the writer in Agatha Christie's novel "10 little soldiers". The plot structure of the work, the use of symbolic elements, the psychological portrayal of the characters, and the unexpected ending demonstrate the writer's artistic skill. The novel is simple, concise, and dynamic in terms of language and style, keeping the reader in a state of intense excitement and interest. Also, the skillful use of the techniques of fear and secrecy further enhances the drama of the work. The sins committed by the characters in the past and their condemnation to punishment determine the philosophical and moral content of the novel. Thus, the novel "10 little soldiers" vividly demonstrates Agatha Christie's individual writing style and occupies an important place in the development of detective literature.
81-84
69
10
THE ROLE OF VISUAL AND GAME ELEMENTS IN INCREASING STUDENTS' INTEREST IN PHYSICS
This article theoretically analyzes the scientific and methodological foundations of the use of visual and game elements in teaching physics, their role in forming interest, motivation and active cognitive participation in students. The article highlights the psychological impact of visual materials, the pedagogical significance of the game approach, and their role in developing creativity and thinking in the process of mastering physics. In modern educational concepts (competence-based, person-oriented, STEAM approaches), the combination of visual and game elements is justified as an important factor in increasing educational effectiveness.
85-88
30
4
DIDACTIC POTENTIALS OF LEARNING ENGLISH THROUGH MOBILE APPLICATIONS
This article explores the didactic potentials of using mobile applications and digital technologies in the process of teaching English. The concept of mobile learning (m-learning), its significance in modern education, and its role in fostering learners’ independence, interactive communication, and language skills are theoretically analyzed. Furthermore, the possibilities of enhancing motivation, communicative competence, and learning effectiveness through mobile applications are examined from a scientific and pedagogical perspective.
89-92
45
33
MECHANISM OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION AT SYNAPSES
This article reveals the mechanism of information transmission in synapses, which are the main link in the physiology of the human nervous system. The paper examines the structure of electrical and chemical synapses, the principles of their functioning, the role of neurotransmitters and ion channels, as well as the significance of synapses in the activity of the nervous system.
93-97
44
9
BALALAR SPORT MEKTEPLERI SHUǴÍLLANÍWSHÍLARÍNA TOSÍQLAR ARQALÍ JUWÍRÍW TEXNIKASÍN ÚYRETIW METODIKASÍN RAWAJLANDIRIW
The article is dedicated to improving the methodology of teaching hurdle running technique to young athletes aged 10-12. He (a) emphasized the importance of physical education and sports in forming a healthy lifestyle, as well as the growing role of athletics, particularly barrier games, on a global scale. The study emphasized the need to introduce innovative training methods, particularly the use of lightweight and easily removable obstacles, to improve the technical, psychological, and physical fitness of young athletes. The stylistic approach takes into account the age, gender, psychological state, and physical development of children. The results show that the introduction of such teaching materials into the educational process significantly improves the stages of obstacle running ("approaching," "removing obstacles," and "landing"), reduces anxiety-related factors, and increases the effectiveness of mastering technical skills. At the same time, scientific research corresponds to the state programs and legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan aimed at developing mass sports and children's athletics.
98-106
25
13
DIAGNOSTIC ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FETOPLACENTAL DISORDERS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH COVID-19
COVID-19 is more dangerous in the second and third trimesters, which is explained by the increased burden on various body systems. Changes in the cardiorespiratory and immune systems during pregnancy increase a woman's susceptibility to severe infection and hypoxic compromise. It should be noted that the functioning of the pulmonary respiratory system from the second half of gestation is impaired by the elevated position of the diaphragm resulting from the growth of the pregnant uterus and the need to enhance lung function due to the body's increased oxygen demand.
107-113
47
73
THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE BAR AND ITS ROLE IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
This article examines the independence of the bar (advocacy) and its role within the judicial and legal system from both international and national legal perspectives. It highlights the fundamental principles guaranteeing lawyers’ professional activities under international legal instruments, including UN resolutions and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Furthermore, the legal status of the bar, its independence, and its significance within the judicial system of Uzbekistan are analyzed on the basis of the Constitution and the Law “On Advocacy.” The article also addresses pressing issues and prospects for the development of the legal profession, providing recommendations for their resolution.
114-118
32
16
THE ROLE OF ENTROPY MECHANISMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ONCOLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS
This article explores the potential of explaining the development of oncological diseases and their complications through entropic mechanisms. Using a biophysical approach, we analyze thermodynamic imbalances, energy metabolism disturbances, and information flow losses occurring in cells and tissues. The research findings may serve as a basis for a deeper understanding of cancer processes and the development of new treatments.
119-124
96
14
BAG‘RIKENGLIK — TINCHLIK VA FAROVONLIK KALITI
This article analyzes the philosophical and moral essence of tolerance and its crucial role in ensuring peace, social stability, and prosperity. The author explores tolerance as a symbol of interethnic harmony and religious understanding, focusing on the example of Uzbekistan, where tolerance has become a state-level value. The paper examines the connection between tolerance and socio-economic development, using international sources such as UN, UNESCO, and World Economic Forum reports to demonstrate how tolerant societies achieve sustainable progress. The author concludes that nurturing tolerance in youth education is essential for maintaining peace, human dignity, and long-term national stability.
125-130
30
14
EACH WORD HAS ITS OWN ESSENCE
The article explores the essence of words in human life from philosophical, moral, and linguistic perspectives. It analyzes the power of language, its impact on human consciousness, and the responsibility associated with speech. The author highlights the cultural and spiritual value of words in shaping national identity and emphasizes the importance of fostering speech culture among the youth.
30-31
55
20
TIL MILLAT RUHI
Til - bu oddiy aloqa vositasi emas. Til - xalqning ko‘zgusi, millatning yuragi, uning ruhi, orzu-umidlari, g‘ami va quvonchi mujassam bo‘lgan muqaddas boylikdir. Til - milliy o‘zlik mezoni. Maqolada ham millat ruhi tilning millatlararo muloqotdagi ahamiyati xususida so‘z yuritiladi.
32-36
33
4
NOSIRUDDIN RABGʻUZIY VA UNING ASARIDA XALQ OG‘ZAKI IJODI AN’ANALARI
Ushbu maqolada Nosiruddin Rabgʻuziyning hayoti va ijodi, uning mashhur asari Qisasi Rabgʻuziy haqida batafsil ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Asarning kelib chiqishi, kimga bag‘ishlangani, uning mavjud nusxalari va saqlanish joylari haqida ma’lumot berilgan. Shuningdek, asarning mazmuni, uslubi, janr xususiyatlari va adabiy-tarixiy ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi.
26-29
31
7
TALABALARDA SOG‘LOM TURMUSH TARZINI SHAKLLANTIRISHNING PEDAGOGIK ASOSLARI
Mazkur ilmiy maqolada talabalarda sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirish jarayonining nazariy-pedagogik asoslari, uning zamonaviy ta’lim jarayonidagi o‘rni, ijtimoiy-pedagogik ahamiyati hamda milliy va umuminsoniy qadriyatlar bilan uzviy bog‘liqligi chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Sog‘lom turmush tarzi tushunchasi shaxsning jismoniy, aqliy, ruhiy, ma’naviy va estetik kamolotini bir butun holatda ta’minlaydigan integrativ jarayon sifatida yoritilib, talabalarning hayot faoliyatini ilmiy asoslangan yo‘nalishda boshqarish, o‘z salomatligiga ongli munosabatni shakllantirish, ijtimoiy mas’uliyatni his etish hamda sog‘lom hayot falsafasini turmush madaniyatining ajralmas qismiga aylantirishda pedagogik jarayonning o‘rni, metodlari va vositalari atroflicha izohlanadi.
30-32
55
14
NAQSHLI TRIKOTAJ TO‘QIMALARNING FIZIK-MEXANIK KO‘RSATKICHLAR TAHLILI
Ushbu maqolada ikki qavatli trikotaj to‘qimalarini fizik-mexanik ko‘rsatkichlar ko‘rsatkichlari o‘rganish maqsadida 3 ta naqshli trikotaj to‘qimalar tanlab olindi. fizik-mexanik xossalari ularning tuzilishiga, naqsh hosil qilish usuliga va qalinligiga bog‘liqligi aniqlandi.
69-71
38
23
SAMARKAND — CENTER OF SCIENCE OF THE EAST DURING THE TIMURID ERA
This article contains information about the high attention of Samarkand to science during the Timurid era, the importance of Ulugbek Observatory and the role of Samarkand Scientific School in the international arena.
72-76
34
12
ATTITUDE TOWARDS ISLAM IN THE TERRITORY OF BUKHARA
This article analyzes the penetration of Islam in the Bukhara territory, its place in socio-political and cultural life, as well as the attitude towards the Islamic faith by local residents on the basis of historical processes. The process of the formation of Bukhara as an “Islamic Dome”, the pressure on faith in Soviet times and the recovery of religious values during the years of independence were covered on a scientific basis.
77-80
48
15
THE ENTRY OF ISLAM INTO MOVAROUNNAHR
This article analyzes the entry of Islam into the territory of Movarounnahr, its early spread, the attitude of the local population to the faith, and the factors that contributed to the consolidation of Islam in this region. The impact of Islam on political, cultural, and spiritual life is also discussed based on historical sources.
81-84
46
5
SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF THE USE OF DIGITAL LABORATORIES AND SIMULATION PROGRAMS IN TEACHING PHYSICS
This article theoretically discusses the role and importance of digital laboratories and simulation programs in the teaching of physics, as well as their impact on the quality of education. The role of digital transformation of physics education, virtual experiments, interactive modeling tools and simulation environments in the formation of scientific thinking, analytical thinking and experimental competencies in students is analyzed. Also, important aspects of methodological, technical and didactic approaches to integrating digital laboratories into the educational process are indicated.
85-87
47
12
DESCRIPTION OF BERDAK AS A POET AND BAKHSHI
This article discusses that Berdaq, one of the great poets of the Karakalpak people, was a poet and bakhshi, and that our poets who wrote poems and praised Berdaq as a master of words wrote words about him.
131-134
35
11
ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ У ЖЕНЩИН. ОПУХОЛИ ЯИЧНИКОВ.
Inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs occupy the first place among gynecological diseases. The classification of inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs is based on three principles.
Etiological factor - the causative agent of the disease is infectious, mechanical, thermal, chemical, factors such as thrombosis, hemorrhage, tissue necrosis. The spread of infection is by lymphatic, hematogenous, canalicular route. The clinical course is acute, subacute, chronic and the period of relapse of the disease.
Etiological factor - the causative agent of the disease is infectious, mechanical, thermal, chemical, factors such as thrombosis, hemorrhage, tissue necrosis. The spread of infection is by lymphatic, hematogenous, canalicular route. The clinical course is acute, subacute, chronic and the period of relapse of the disease.
135-140
48
34
PALM-COEIN CLASSIFICATION OF CAUSES OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common gynecological problems among women of reproductive age. To simplify diagnosis and treatment, the World Health Organization (WHO) and FIGO developed the PALM-COEIN classification. The causes are divided into two main groups: structural (PALM) and non-structural (COEIN).
• PALM (Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, Malignancy and hyperplasia) — structural pathologies of the uterus.
• COEIN (Coagulopathy, Ovulatory dysfunction, Endometrial, Iatrogenic, Not otherwise classified) — functional or other non-structural causes.
The PALM-COEIN classification helps physicians systematically evaluate AUB causes and choose appropriate treatment strategies.
• PALM (Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, Malignancy and hyperplasia) — structural pathologies of the uterus.
• COEIN (Coagulopathy, Ovulatory dysfunction, Endometrial, Iatrogenic, Not otherwise classified) — functional or other non-structural causes.
The PALM-COEIN classification helps physicians systematically evaluate AUB causes and choose appropriate treatment strategies.
141-144
35
8
SCIENTIFIC DESCRIPTION AND SUMMARY OF THE KARAKALPAK DASTAN "GARIP ASHIK" (TRANSLATED FROM ARABIC SCRIPT BY KALILA MEDETOV)
This article examines the Karakalpak folk dastan "Garip Ashyk" translated into Cyrillic from an Arabic script version. The author provides a scholarly description and a brief summary of the content of this version of this dastan. In this article, the author examines the folklore material and subtly emphasizes how to work with the manuscript, drawing on her many years of experience preparing the multi-volume "Karakalpak Folklore" for publication. Examples from the manuscript of this version and the author's interlinear translation are provided.
145-147
91
46
PARTICIPATION OF LAWYERS IN CIVIL COURT
This article provides a wide range of ideas and considerations about the participation of lawyers in civil court. The participation of a lawyer in civil court cases (representation, legal assistance) is an important element of the implementation of the principles of justice, legal protection and fair trial in the trial. Recent changes in the legislation and practice of the Republic of Uzbekistan are aimed at expanding the legal status of the institute of lawyers and forms of participation. While all citizens have the right to use a lawyer at the expense of the state, in practice there are difficulties in exercising this right for those who have limited financial means or limited place of residence.
148-150
44
12
COLLECTION OF EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Ushbu maqolada, jinoyat protsesida dalillarni to’plash haqida fikr va mulohazalar yuritiladi. Dalillarni toʻplash jinoyat protsessining eng muhim bosqichlaridan biri hisoblanadi, chunki jinoyat ishining samarali tergovi, ayblov asosining qonuniyligi va sud jarayonida adolat boʻlishi buning samarali tashkil etilishiga bogʻliq. Oʻzbekistonda jinoyat‑protsessual kodeks, boshqa tegishli qonun hujjatlari, shuningdek xalqaro standartar va amaliyot jinoyat dalillarini yigʻish, saqlash va sudda tan olinishi sohasida kechayotgan oʻzgarishlar va muammolar orqali rivojlanib bormoqda.
151-154
41
28
SOCIAL PROTECTION AND POVERTY REDUCTION MEASURES IN UZBEKISTAN
This article discusses the role of social protection in improving the standard of living of the population.
155-158
36
8
ENDOKRINOLOGIYA MUOMMOLARINING ZAMONAVIY YECHIMI
This article analyzes current problems in the field of endocrinology and their modern solutions. In recent years, the widespread prevalence of endocrine diseases, in particular, diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction, and obesity, requires the development of new diagnostic and treatment methods in this area. The study examines the advantages of modern laboratory and instrumental examination methods, innovative drugs, and the prospects for gene and cell therapy.
It also analyzes the effectiveness of prevention, the formation of a healthy lifestyle, and the use of digital medical technologies in the management of endocrine diseases. The article is of significant scientific and practical importance for the study and implementation of advanced approaches in the field of endocrinology.
It also analyzes the effectiveness of prevention, the formation of a healthy lifestyle, and the use of digital medical technologies in the management of endocrine diseases. The article is of significant scientific and practical importance for the study and implementation of advanced approaches in the field of endocrinology.
159-164
67
67
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE INSTITUTION OF EVIDENCE AND PROOF IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
This article analyzes the content, legal foundations and practical significance of evidence and proof in criminal proceedings, sheds light on the concept of evidence, the concepts of experts and its types based on the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and studies such means of proof as witness testimony, expert opinion, material evidence, written and electronic documents. It also explains the stages of the proof process - the procedure for presenting, strengthening, verifying and evaluating evidence. The article analyzes the principles of legality and reliability of evidence, their role in making court decisions, and the practice of proving electronic evidence in the experience of foreign countries in our country. The results of the study indicate that the formation of the institute of evidence and proof plays an invaluable role in ensuring justice and fairness in the consideration of criminal cases.
165-168
61
17
MODERN PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
This article discusses the theoretical, methodological and practical foundations of the introduction of modern pedagogical technologies in the primary education system. The mechanisms for developing students' creative thinking, problem-solving and collaborative learning skills based on interactive methods, information and communication technologies (ICT), the STEAM approach, neuropedagogy, digital learning platforms, artificial intelligence elements and reflective teaching models in the educational process are analyzed. The role of digital didactics and the concept of microlearning in improving teachers' qualifications is also substantiated.
169-171
54
11
THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER IN IMPROVING READING LITERACY
This article analyzes the essence of developing reading literacy in primary education, its impact on learning quality, and the pedagogical role of the teacher in this process.
Reading literacy is explained as the foundation of modern education. The study scientifically substantiates the importance of the teacher’s professional skills, methodological approaches, and the effectiveness of innovative methods and technologies that ensure students’ active participation in learning.
Reading literacy is explained as the foundation of modern education. The study scientifically substantiates the importance of the teacher’s professional skills, methodological approaches, and the effectiveness of innovative methods and technologies that ensure students’ active participation in learning.
172-176
45
22
SPEECH CULTURE AND LINGUVOPRAGMATIC FEATURES OF ETHICAL COMMUNICATION MEANS IN UZBEKISTAN AND ENGLISH
This article analyzes the linguopragmatic features of speech culture and ethical communication tools in Uzbek and English languages. It studies differences in politeness strategies, address forms, apology expressions, and cultural norms influencing communication.
The findings highlight how understanding these features contributes to effective intercultural communication and helps avoid pragmatic failures in dialogue between speakers of the two languages. It focuses on polite and softened commands, permission, and wish expressions in both languages. The study aims to reveal cultural and pragmatic nuances that influence communicative behavior, highlighting the importance of linguistic politeness in cross-cultural communication and language teaching.
The findings highlight how understanding these features contributes to effective intercultural communication and helps avoid pragmatic failures in dialogue between speakers of the two languages. It focuses on polite and softened commands, permission, and wish expressions in both languages. The study aims to reveal cultural and pragmatic nuances that influence communicative behavior, highlighting the importance of linguistic politeness in cross-cultural communication and language teaching.
177-180
31
15
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES AIMED AT DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING IN STUDENTS
This article analyzes methodological approaches aimed at forming critical thinking skills in students. In the context of today's globalization, the training of independently thinking, analytical, and critical specialists in the higher education system is one of the pressing issues. The article highlights the theoretical foundations, legal and regulatory framework, and importance of critical thinking in the educational process. Also presented are the results of a mini-research conducted on the development of students' critical thinking skills using an interactive method - problem-based learning, discussion, thematic research, and a graph organizer.
181-186
88
22
MUSIQIY IJROCHILIK SAN’ATI
This article discusses the musical performance art and its history.
88-93
60
25
SKIN AND GENITAL INFECTIONS: DESCRIPTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF PATHOGENS OF SYPHILIS, GONORRHEA, CHLAMYDIA, MYCOPLASMOSIS, TRICHOMONIASIS.
Sexually transmitted infections are mainly transmitted to people during sexual intercourse. Until recently, only syphilis, gonorrhea, soft chancre, venereal lymphogranuloma, and donovanosis were classified as venereal diseases. According to the World Health Organization, over the past 10 years, the number of sexually transmitted infections has increased more than 20 times. In this section, we will focus on the microbiological diagnosis of the most common venereal diseases encountered in clinical practice.
187-193
66
10
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEARNING THE LATIN LANGUAGE IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
This article examines the role of AI in learning the Latin language within medical education. It explores how AI-driven systems-such as intelligent tutoring platforms, natural language processing (NLP) tools, and translation software-can enhance students’ acquisition of Latin-based clinical terminology, improve pronunciation, and facilitate morphological and etymological analysis. The paper concludes that AI offers unprecedented opportunities to modernize and personalize the teaching of Latin, bridging traditional linguistic knowledge with 21st-century medical education.
94-98
30
8
VIRAL INFECTIONS: ABOUT INFLUENZA AND COVID-19
Influenza is an acute viral disease characterized by symptoms such as symptoms of general poisoning, increased body temperature, damage to the upper respiratory tract, cardiovascular and nervous system. The influenza virus is constantly circulating among people, giving an epidemic in 2-3 years. These epidemics are called by different serological variants of the virus. And when new serotypes of the A-virus appear, a pandemic occurs (in 10-30 years). It has been observed that the A virus is transmitted to various far-flyer birds and animals, and from them to humans. It is not surprising if this condition is the main factor in the emergence of new serotypes of the virus.
99-105
39
16
TUMOR DISEASES OF THE FEMALE GENITAL ORGANS
True tumors are structures consisting of specific tissues of organs and organs. Tumors are formed due to the blockage of the secretion of any gland, which causes the accumulation of fluid and increases in size, ranging from a chicken egg to a woman's fist.
Tumors are divided into benign and malignant tumors depending on their morphological structure and clinical course. Benign tumors do not spread beyond the organ in which they occur.
Tumors are divided into benign and malignant tumors depending on their morphological structure and clinical course. Benign tumors do not spread beyond the organ in which they occur.
106-110
40
8
THE INTEGRAL CONFLICT BETWEEN LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND CONSCIENCE
This scientific article analyzes the dialectical-antagonistic relationship between legal consciousness and conscience at the conceptual level. The focus of the research is on the conflicts that arise between the legitimacy of the normative-legal system and the axi-normative imperatives of personal conscience. This conflict, by its nature, is not only a modern manifestation of the historical contradiction between positive law and natural law, but also one of the deepest ontological and axiological problems of human legal thought. The article compares such fundamental concepts as legal positivism, ius naturale, ratio legis, conscientia moralis, and highlights their theoretical and practical consequences. Doctrinal-analytical, comparative-legal, as well as phenomenological-psychological methodologies are combined in the research process. Through such an integrative approach, the processes of dissonance and resonance between the normative constructions of legal consciousness and the ethical-imperative decision-making mechanisms of conscience are revealed. The analysis shows that legal consciousness is a set of normative obligations imposed by the social system, while conscience is an internal transcendental instance of a person, that is, a moral imperative that exists independently of legal orders. Their conflict causes a crisis of legitimacy in society, and moral dissonance and psychological fragmentation in the individual. The article also provides a comparative analysis of the institutions of legal objection based on conscience in civil law and common law systems. As a result, universal forms of contradiction between legal norms and conscientious imperatives are identified, and proposals are developed based on the principles of proportionalitas, subsidiaritas, and humanitas iuris, which serve to mitigate this conflict.
Theoretically, this study deepens the convergence of the philosophy of law and the psychology of law, and practically indicates the need to reinterpret the institutions of justice based on the criteria of humanism and axi-legal stability. Thus, the conflict between legal consciousness and conscience is manifested not only as a problem of the individual, but also of the civilizational level.
Theoretically, this study deepens the convergence of the philosophy of law and the psychology of law, and practically indicates the need to reinterpret the institutions of justice based on the criteria of humanism and axi-legal stability. Thus, the conflict between legal consciousness and conscience is manifested not only as a problem of the individual, but also of the civilizational level.
111-113
64
44
ADVOCACY SECRET
This article discusses the role and importance of advocacy secrecy in professional activities. As an integral institution of the rule of law, the legal profession plays an important role in protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens. One of the most basic principles in the professional activities of a lawyer is the principle of maintaining advocacy secrecy. This principle, while strengthening the trust of citizens and legal entities in the lawyer, ensures the fair functioning of the judicial system.
194-199
35
10
TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE IN SPORTS BASED ON DETERMINING THE LEVEL OF ATTACK AND DEFENSE OF SAMBO ATHLETES
This article examines modern technologies aimed at improving the effectiveness of competitive performance in sambo athletes based on the analysis of their attack and defense levels.
200-206
59
31
ORGANIZING HEALTHY AND SAFE NUTRITION FOR CHILDREN IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
This article explores the organization of healthy and safe nutrition for children in preschool educational institutions. It examines the physiological, hygienic, and pedagogical aspects of nutrition, emphasizing the importance of balanced diets for physical and cognitive development. The research highlights the role of educators and caregivers in ensuring food safety, hygiene standards, and the formation of healthy eating habits from an early age. Attention is given to national regulations and international guidelines regarding preschool meal planning, food storage, and sanitary requirements. The findings demonstrate that systematic and scientifically based nutritional management in early education settings significantly contributes to children’s well-being, immunity, and academic readiness.
207-209
45
10
CONTENT AND ESSENCE OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
This article explores the essence and content of the educational process in primary education, emphasizing its role in shaping a child’s personality. It analyzes the goals, principles, and main directions of moral and spiritual upbringing, as well as the importance of cooperation between teachers, parents, and society. The article also discusses modern pedagogical approaches and the integration of national values in the upbringing process.
114-119
39
21
GAMIFICATION IN EDUCATION
The introduction of game forms into a non-game context: work, study and everyday life - the main indicators of gamification. Gamification uses the natural inclinations of people to competition, competitions, cooperation and achievements. Gamification in education is the use of game methods and elements in the learning process. The role of computer and board games in the development of the personality of students is indicated
120-123
38
8
MODERATION TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION
Increasing the motivation of students, stimulating their cognitive activity and creativity, comprehensive disclosure and development of abilities is carried out on the basis of modern educational technologies. One of which is moderation. Moderation ensures the achievement of the goals of modern education
124-131
38
13
THE SPECIFICS OF TRANSLATING TERMS IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
This article explores the uniqueness of translating terms in the oil and gas industry, focusing on the translation from Russian to Uzbek. In the context of globalization and increasing interest in oil and gas, ensuring the accuracy and ambiguity of terms is crucial. The article discusses the main challenges faced during translation, key terms, and best practices and recommendations to avoid errors. This article will serve as a valuable resource for translators working in this specialized field.
231-237
47
15
MORPHOLOGICAL METHODS OF FORMING PLURALS IN ARABIC: CORRECT AND INCORRECT PLURALS
This article analyzes the morphological methods of forming the plural form of nouns in Arabic. The main attention is paid to the structure of correct (faithful) plural and incorrect (synonymous) plural forms, their semantic and grammatical features. The article explains the morphological system of the Arabic language, in particular, the differences between the types of jam’ salim (correct plural) and jam’ taksir (incorrect plural), their formation models and exceptional cases based on examples. The article is of theoretical and practical importance for students, translators and linguists studying the morphology of the Arabic language, and also provides important considerations on the role of the plural category in general linguistics.
138-140
67
11
TYPES OF HEALTH-IMPROVING GYMNASTICS
Maintaining the healthy functioning of the human body and ensuring long-term physical well-being has been one of the most important issues since ancient times. Physical education and sports, as an integral part of human life, have developed in different forms throughout history. Among them, gymnastics has emerged as one of the main tools for health improvement. Today, gymnastics is practiced not only as a professional sport but also as an effective means of promoting health for the general population, including women, children, the elderly, and individuals with health problems. Gymnastics exercises help strengthen muscles, improve cardiovascular activity, increase joint mobility, maintain mental well-being, and reduce stress at any age. For this reason, health-improving gymnastics has become one of the most widespread forms of physical culture.
141-147
52
22
CULTURAL MUSIC STUDIES: HISTORY, INTEGRATION, AND DEVELOPMENT OF MUSIC
The article discusses cultural music studies and the history, integration, and development of music.
214-218
31
16
CLINICAL FEATURES OF ACUTE MYOCARDITIS IN CHILDREN WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
Pneumonia in children is a pressing issue in pediatrics, characterized by persistently high morbidity and a grave prognosis, especially in young children. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of carnitine in the treatment and prevention of myocarditis in children. Forty-six children aged 6 months to 7 years with pneumonia were examined and divided into two groups. Group I (the control group) included 23 children who were receiving standard treatment. Group II (the study group) included 23 children with pneumonia who had cardiovascular disorders, the presence of which was confirmed by instrumental methods. The obtained results emphasize that community-acquired pneumonia masks all the symptoms of acute heart failure, which is most often caused by acute coronary insufficiency. Changes in the heart muscle associated with this pathology in children increase the risk of severe adverse cardiac complications.
210-213
55
38
BEING SUCCESSFUL IN A PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT
This article analyzes the main factors and conditions for success in a professional environment. It highlights the fact that professional success depends not only on a person's knowledge and skills, but also on his responsibility, communication culture, teamwork skills and personal qualities. The article also discusses the importance of self-development, time management, creativity and professional etiquette. As a result, the qualities and strategies necessary for achieving sustainable success in a professional environment are revealed.
37-40
32
4
THE ROLE OF ENDOSCOPIC EXAMINATION IN EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF NASAL POLYPS
The primary objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic significance of nasal endoscopy in the early detection of nasal polyps and to evaluate its role in identifying subclinical or small lesions that are often missed during anterior rhinoscopy or radiographic imaging. Additionally, the study aimed to establish the correlation between endoscopic findings and histopathological results, highlighting the importance of routine endoscopic evaluation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms.
41-46
115
42
INTONATSIYA, MIMIK, KINESTIK VOSITALARNING O’ZBEK VA INGLIZ TILLARIDAGI O‘RNI
Ushbu maqolada etik muloqot vositalarining lingvopragmatik tizimi doirasida intonatsiya, mimika va kinestik (tana-harakat) vositalarning o‘zbek va ingliz tillaridagi o‘rni tadqiq etiladi. Maqola nazariy va empirik jihatdan yondashuvni uyg‘unlashtiradi: mualliflar avvalo intonatsion va noverbal nazariyalarni (display rules, proxemics, facial expression theory) tahlil qiladi, so‘ngra o‘zbek va ingliz tilidagi og‘zaki muloqot matnlari, sahna dialoglari va videokorpus namunalarini lingvopragmatik metodlar orqali taqqoslaydi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, o‘zbek muloqot madaniyati kinestik va mimik vositalarni duo, hurmat va ijtimoiy ierarxiyani mustahkamlash vositasi sifatida kengroq ishlatadi; ingliz tilida esa yuz ifodasi va imo-ishoralar ko‘proq individuallik, aniqlik va ijtimoiy masofani belgilashda xizmat qiladi. Intonatsiya esa har ikki tillarda etik mazmunni modulyatsiya qiladi: iltimoslar va uzrlar yumshatiladi, dramatik nutqda esa noverbal elementlar semantik va pragmatik yukni sezilarli darajada kuchaytiradi. Maqola nazariy jihatdan lingvopragmatika va noverbal kommunikatsiya tadqiqotlarini boyitadi hamda amaliy jihatdan til o‘qitish, tarjima, madaniyatlararo kommunikatsiya va sahna amaliyotlari uchun tavsiyalar beradi.
47-48
46
13
HYPOTHYROIDISM AND PREGNANCY: MATERNAL-FETAL OUTCOMES AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
The aim of this study is to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms linking maternal hypothyroidism to pregnancy complications, evaluate maternal and fetal outcomes associated with untreated hypothyroidism, and analyze evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for improving maternal-fetal health.
49-50
42
28
“KUTUBXONA PSIXOLOGIYASI. KITOBXON VA KUTUBXONACHI O`RTASIDAGI MULOQOTNING YANGI YONDASHUVI’’
Maqolada kutubxona psixologiyasining mohiyati va uning zamonaviy kutubxonachilik faoliyatidagi ahamiyati yoritilgan.Kitobxon va kutubxonachi o‘rtasidagi muloqotning yangi yondashuvlari, xususan, psixologik muloqot texnalogiyalari, xizmat ko‘rsatishda shaxsiylashtirilgan yondashuv va raqamli kommunikatsiyalar va vositalarni roli tahlil qilinadi.
51-52
31
11
ÓRT JÚZ BERGENDE NELER QILIW KEREKLIGIN BILESIZ BE?
Bul maqalada órt júz bergende neler qılıw kerekligi talap hám qaǵıydaları haqqında sóz etilgen.
53-55
127
29
INTERNET VA IJTIMOIY TARMOQLARNING MADANIYATGA TAʼSIRI
Internet va ijtimoiy tarmoqlarning madaniyatga ta'siri mavzusidagi maqola, texnologiyalarning jamiyatdagi turli sohalarga, xususan madaniy ifodalarga qanday ta'sir ko'rsatishini o'rganadi. Ushbu maqolada ijtimoiy tarmoqlar, ayniqsa, yoshlar orasida madaniyatni shakllantirishdagi roli, axborot tarqatish va yangi kommunikatsiya shakllarining paydo bo'lishi kabi jihatlar tahlil qilinadi. Internet madaniyatining global xarakteri, uning individual va kollektiv identifikatsiyalarga ta'siri, shuningdek, ijtimoiy tarmoqlar orqali madaniy aloqalar o'zgarishi ham muhokama qilinadi.
56-57
34
12
SURGICAL TREATMENT STRATEGIES IN PATIENTS WITH CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA COMBINED WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
Analysis of clinical data and published studies was performed to evaluate outcomes of different revascularization approaches in CLI patients with coexisting IHD. Particular attention was given to the role of hybrid operations, routine coronary evaluation, and perioperative optimization.
58-60
38
15
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CRITICAL LOWER LIMB ISCHEMIA AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
The majority of patients with critical lower limb ischemia (CLLI) also suffer from coronary artery disease (CAD). After reconstructive operations in the aorto-iliac region, the risks of myocardial infarction and mortality remain high. Therefore, the sequence of coronary and limb revascularization remains a pressing issue.
61-63
47
17
ANTEPARTUM UTERINE RUPTURE: A LITERATURE REVIEW
This literature review was based on a synthesis of international and regional publications indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and eLibrary databases between 2000 and 2024. The search included terms “antepartum uterine rupture,” “uterine scar dehiscence,” “cesarean section complications,” and “maternal outcomes.” Studies describing pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, clinical presentation, and management strategies were analyzed. Priority was given to systematic reviews, case series, and clinical guidelines from the World Health Organization and professional obstetric associations.
64-68
53
22
BOLALAR VA O'SMIRLAR NOG'OLOM OVQATLANISHINI DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI VA ULARNING YECHIMLARI
Mazkur ishda bolalar va o‘smirlar orasida nosog‘lom ovqatlanishning keng tarqalishi, uning asosiy sabablari va sog‘liq uchun oqibatlari ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda shahar va qishloq hududlarida yashovchi yoshlar o‘rtasida oziqlanish madaniyati, iqtisodiy omillar va ijtimoiy muhitning ta’siri ko‘rib chiqilgan. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, fast-food, shirin gazli ichimliklar, yog‘li va qayta ishlangan mahsulotlarni ko‘p iste’mol qilish oqibatida semirish, qandli diabet, yurak-qon tomir kasalliklari va metabolik buzilishlar erta yoshda paydo bo‘lmoqda. Shuningdek, vitamin va mineral yetishmovchiligi bolaning aqliy hamda jismoniy rivojlanishiga salbiy ta’sir etayotgani aniqlangan. Muammoni bartaraf etish uchun sog‘lom ovqatlanish madaniyatini targ‘ib qilish, maktab menyularini sog‘lomlashtirish, ota-onalarni ma’lumot bilan ta’minlash hamda davlat miqyosida oziq-ovqat siyosatini takomillashtirish zarurligi ta’kidlangan. Ishning ilmiy yangiligi shundaki, unda bolalar ovqatlanishidagi nosog‘lom odatlarning kompleks sabablari tizimli ravishda tahlil qilingan va ularni bartaraf etishning aniq yo‘nalishlari ko‘rsatilgan.
69-72
39
17
ИСЛАМСКИЕ ЦЕННОСТИ В БУХАРЕ: ОТ ЦЕНТРА ОРТОДОКСИИ ДО ЭЛЕМЕНТА НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ
Центральный тезис состоит в том, что современный ислам в регионе сформирован семидесятилетним опытом советской власти, которая нанесла удар по религиозным институтам, изгнала ислам из общественной сферы и способствовала установлению сильных светских этнонациональных идентичностей. Постсоветское возрождение ислама рассматривается как глубоко национальное явление, где религиозные традиции включены в культурное наследие. Авторитарные режимы Центральной Азии, опасаясь вызовов власти, используют риторику борьбы с «религиозным экстремизмом» (таким как ИДУ или ХТ) для подавления всей несанкционированной религиозной и политической деятельности, сохраняя светские порядки, унаследованные от СССР.
33-36
27
6
HEARING LOSS IN CHILDREN: CAUSES, EARLY DETECTION, AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES
The primary objective of this study is to determine the leading causes of hearing loss among children in the Samarkand region, assess the current state of early detection programs, and identify preventive and interventional measures that can reduce the incidence and long-term impact of pediatric hearing impairment.
37-40
52
20
NUTQ AKTLARI NAZARIYASI ASOSIDA MULOQOTNING LINGVOPRAGMATIK XUSUSIYATLARI O’ZBEK VA INGLIZ TILLARI MISOLIDA
Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek va ingliz tillarida muloqot jarayonida qo‘llaniladigan nutq aktlarining lingvopragmatik xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda J. L. Austin va J. R. Searle tomonidan ilgari surilgan nutq aktlari nazariyasi asosida ikki tilga xos illokutiv, perlokutiv va lokutiv aktlarning o‘xshash va farqli jihatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, madaniy omillar nutq aktlarining qo‘llanishiga qanday ta’sir etishi, xususan, “iltimos”, “rad etish”, “maqtov”, “ogohlantirish” kabi nutq harakatlarining milliy-pragmatik talqinlari tahlil etiladi. Ishda illokutiv aktlarning madaniy, ijtimoiy, yosh, makon va vaziyat omillariga bog‘liqligi ochib beriladi. “Rahmat”, “iltimos”, “kechirasiz” kabi etik birliklar ingliz tilidagi “thank you”, “please”, “sorry” shakllari bilan qiyoslanadi. J. L. Austin, J. R. Searle, G. Yule, Sh. Rahmatullayev va N. Mahmudov kabi olimlarning tadqiqotlariga tayanilgan holda, nutq aktlarining madaniyatlararo o‘zgaruvchan tabiati ilmiy asosda yoritiladi.
41-43
76
13
GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS: HORMONAL CHANGES AND MECHANISMS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE
Physiologically, pregnancy induces a state of progressive insulin resistance to ensure adequate glucose supply for the growing fetus. While this adaptation is beneficial in normal pregnancies, in predisposed women it leads to hyperglycemia, β-cell dysfunction, and the clinical manifestation of GDM. Elevated levels of placental hormones — including human placental lactogen (hPL), cortisol, estrogen, progesterone, and placental growth hormone — antagonize insulin action, decrease maternal insulin sensitivity, and alter lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
44-46
77
13
MUSTAQILLIK YILLARIDA TIBBIYOT SOHASIDAGI ISLOHOTLAR
Bugungi kunda respublika tez tibbiy yordam xizmatida 435 ta reanimobil mavjud boʻlib, 13 ming aholiga bitta avtomashina toʻgʻri kelmoqda. Vaholanki, bu raqam ham bundan bir necha yil avval 15 ming nafardan iborat edi . 2018-yilda Buxoro viloyati kesimida oladigan bo’lsak, shoshilinch (tez) tibbiy yordam bo‘yicha rasmiy statistikasida tez yordam birliklari (jami): 111 tani, bajarilgan chaqiriqlar 463 968 tani, tibbiy yordam ko‘rsatilgan shaxslar: 510 704 kishini tashkil etganligi sohadagi ijobiy o’zgarishlarni isbotidir . Umuman olganda, 2018-yilda Buxoro viloyati sog‘liqni saqlash tizimida muassasalar sonining ortishi, moddiy-texnika bazaning mustahkamlanishi, kadrlar salohiyatining oshishi va aholining kasallikka chalinish ko‘rsatkichlarining qisqarishi hududda olib borilgan islohotlarning amaliy samaradorligini yaqqol namoyon etdi. 2019- yilda viloyat bo‘yicha 82 ta shifoxona muassasalari faoliyat olib borgan. Yil davomida ularda 352839 nafar bemor davolangan. Shifokorlar soni o‘tgan 2018- yilga nisbatan 102,5 % ga, o‘rta tibbiyot xodimlari soni 102,2 % ga ortgan. Viloyatda ambulatoriya-poliklinika muassasalari soni 536 tani tashkil etadi.
47-52
36
19
БЎЛАЖАК ЧИЗМАЧИЛИК ЎҚИТУВЧИЛАРНИНГ ГРАФИК ИШЛАРНИ БАЖАРИШ КЎНИКМАЛАРИНИ РИВОЖЛАНТИРИШ МЕТОДИКАСИ
Ушбу мақола бўлажак чизмачилик ўқитувчиларнинг график ишларни бажариш кўникмаларини ривожлантириш методикасига бағишланган.
53-57
30
7
UNHEALTHY NUTRITION AND ITS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PREVENTION OF ALIMENTARY DISEASES
This research work explores the causes, consequences, and prevention of alimentary diseases resulting from unhealthy nutrition. The paper highlights how improper dietary habits, excessive consumption of processed foods, and lack of essential nutrients contribute to the development of metabolic disorders, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. It also discusses the importance of nutritional education, balanced diets, and modern technologies in preventing these conditions. The findings emphasize that improving public awareness and promoting healthy eating behaviors from early childhood are key strategies to reduce nutrition-related diseases and enhance overall public health.
58-61
92
28
QADIMGI O‘RTA OSIYO XALQLARINING MADANIY MEROSI
Bu mavzu ko‘pgina tarixchi, arxeolog, etnograf olimlar kishilik madaniy taraqqiyoti darajasini davrlashtirish muammosi ustida bosh qotirib, ilmiy izlanishlari natijasi hamda turli xil manbalarga tayangan holda, kurrai zaminda 5 marta yirik sivilizatsiya yuksalishlari ro‘y berganligini e’tirof etadilar.
62-65
111
11
АНТИРЕЛИГИОЗНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА СССР В СРЕДНЕЙ АЗИИ В НАЧАЛЕ ХХ ВЕКА
В данном тезисе анализируются цели, формы и последствия антирелигиозной политики Советского государства в Средней Азии в 1920–1930-е годы. Рассматриваются особенности взаимодействия советской власти с мусульманским духовенством, ликвидация религиозных институтов, а также социально-культурные последствия идеологического давления на традиционные формы веры.
183-185
24
11
THE ROLE OF COOPERATION WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN INCREASING THE INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
This article analyzes the role of cooperation with international financial institutions in enhancing the investment potential of commercial banks in Uzbekistan within the digital economy. It highlights the contribution of institutions such as the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Asian Development Bank, and the International Monetary Fund in driving digital transformation and expanding investment opportunities in the banking sector. The study emphasizes that international partnerships facilitate innovation, improve competitiveness, and support the sustainable growth of Uzbekistan’s financial system.
186-189
71
24
FIRST MEDICAL AID IN FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS
This review article discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, first medical aid, and treatment of fractures and dislocations. These injuries are among the most common causes of disability and require rapid and effective first aid to prevent complications.
The paper highlights the mechanisms of injury, classification, signs and symptoms, and diagnostic methods. It also emphasizes the importance of immobilization, pain management, and timely transportation to a medical facility. Proper first aid and early medical intervention significantly reduce the risk of long-term complications and improve functional recovery.
The paper highlights the mechanisms of injury, classification, signs and symptoms, and diagnostic methods. It also emphasizes the importance of immobilization, pain management, and timely transportation to a medical facility. Proper first aid and early medical intervention significantly reduce the risk of long-term complications and improve functional recovery.
219-222
44
24
THE DEPICTION OF MORAL QUALITIES IN THE "AVESTO"
In the Avesta, based on moral principles, the ideas of the immortality of the soul, the vitality of the material world, reverence for the good existence, the pursuit of perfection and spiritual growth, and the embodiment of noble feelings in both soul and body are reflected.
The article presents reflections on the representation of moral qualities in the Avesta.
The article presents reflections on the representation of moral qualities in the Avesta.
223-225
41
9
USING MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE STORAGE OF MILITARY EQUIPMENT
This article discusses the importance of modern technologies in the storage of military equipment and their application methods. Sensor monitoring systems, automatic data collection and analysis, robotic maintenance, smart warehouse systems, and cloud management platforms help extend the service life of military equipment and ensure their safe and efficient storage. The article emphasizes that modern technologies optimize military storage processes, prevent malfunctions, and reduce emergencies. It highlights the significance of innovative solutions in the field of military equipment storage and maintenance.
226-228
43
7
THE FLAG FLUTTERS IN EVERY COUNTRY - THE BREATH OF FREEDOM IS FELT
This article analyzes the social, political, and spiritual significance of the national flag as a state symbol. The interrelation between the concepts of the flag and freedom is examined from a scientific perspective. The author highlights the role of the flag in shaping patriotic values among the youth and emphasizes its importance in preserving national identity in the context of globalization. The study concludes that respect for the national flag is an essential element of civic consciousness and a symbol of everlasting independence.
148-150
178
26
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKS AND MASS MEDIA ON CAREER CHOICE AMONG YOUTH
In the digital era, social networks and mass media have become powerful tools influencing young people’s worldview, values, and professional preferences. This article analyzes how digital platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, and television affect youth’s career choice. Using descriptive and analytical methods, the study identifies psychological, socio-cultural, and informational mechanisms of influence. The results show that more than 70% of youth decisions regarding their future professions are affected by online media content, role models, and influencers. Recommendations are provided for integrating media literacy into educational programs to ensure informed career decision-making.
151-161
53
10
HOW DOES URBAN SPREAD IMPACT THE ENVIRONMENT?
The rapid expansion of large cities, often referred to as urban sprawl, has become one of the most important global environmental problems of the 21st century. This article examines how urban growth impacts the environment through increased land use, deforestation, air and water pollution, and the urban heat island effect. Using global urbanization data and case studies of megacities such as Tokyo, New York, and Delhi, the study highlights the relationship between population density, infrastructure development, and environmental degradation. The article also examines sustainable urban development strategies, including green architecture, smart transportation systems, and eco-zoning, that can support urban growth while reducing environmental damage. The findings highlight the need to integrate environmental policies into urban expansion plans to ensure a balance between development and environmental protection.
162-165
69
18
ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into education represents one of the most transformative shifts of the 21st century. Language learning, as a cornerstone of communication and globalization, has been particularly influenced by these technological advances. This paper examines how AI enhances the effectiveness of language learning through personalized instruction, adaptive platforms, real-time feedback, and interactive applications. It draws on existing research, evaluates case studies, and explores pedagogical practices supported by AI. The discussion addresses both the opportunities and challenges of AI in language pedagogy and suggests strategies for sustainable implementation. The findings highlight that AI can serve as a powerful complement to traditional teaching while presenting ethical, social, and technological challenges that must be addressed in future policies.
166-169
108
22
DRAMA “PADARKUSH” IS AN ARTISTIC IDEA
The Jadid movement set itself the goal of awakening the people from ignorance and becoming enlightened. Mahmudho'ja Behbudiy, who put forward the ideas of social development of the people and the fight against colonialism, held a mirror to the people through theatrical art. His drama "Padarkush" embodied these ideas and expressed the situation of an uneducated child. The article analyzes and comments on the artistic idea of the drama.
170-176
41
7
THE SPECIFIC FEATURES OF PRODUCT PRODUCTION IN BUSINESS ENTITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN AND THE ROLE OF CLUSTERS
The specific features of product production in the activities of business entities in the Republic of Uzbekistan are analyzed. In particular, the issues of increasing production efficiency through the organization of regional and sectoral clusters, creating an added value chain, and producing competitive products in domestic and foreign markets are considered. The contribution of the clustering mechanism to the development of small and medium-sized businesses, its role in creating jobs and introducing innovative technologies, and the conditions created by the state are analyzed. Also, proposals for problems and solutions are put forward.
177-182
33
11
ORGANIZATION OF HEALTHY AND SAFE NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS EDUCATED IN GENERAL SCHOOLS
This article scientifically analyzes the issues of organizing healthy and safe nutrition for children and adolescents studying in secondary schools. The study highlights the importance of the age-related physiological characteristics of the child's body, nutrition, and energy and nutrient balance in healthy development. The need to comply with hygienic requirements, sanitary standards, and food safety standards during food preparation in school canteens is substantiated. At the same time, the negative impact of malnutrition on the physical and mental development of students, problems such as vitamin deficiency, overweight, and underweight are analyzed. The article contains practical recommendations for improving the school nutrition system, strengthening dietary control, and forming a healthy eating culture among students. The results of the study serve to promote a healthy lifestyle in secondary schools and strengthen children's health.
73-75
76
12
OCHIQ KON ISHLARIDA QAZUVCHI-YUKLOVCHI MASHINALAR RATSIONAL TURINI TADQIQ QILISH VA ASOSLASH
Mazkur tezisda ochiq kon ishlarida qo‘llaniladigan qazuvchi-yuklovchi mashinalarning ratsional turini tanlash masalasi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, kon sharoitlariga mos ravishda yuqori samaradorlikka ega elektr-gibrid ekskavatorlarning qo‘llanishi maqsadga muvofiq ekanligi asoslab berildi. Bundan tashqari, mashinalarning texnik parametrlarini taqqoslash asosida qazuvchi-yuklovchi mashinalarning yuqori moslashuvchanligi orqali foydali qazilma qazib olish hajmi samaradorligini oshirish imkoniyatlari ko‘rsatildi.
Tadqiqot natijalari ochiq kon ishlarida qazuvchi-yuklovchi mashinalarni tanlashda ilmiy asoslangan yondashuvni ishlab chiqishga xizmat qiladi va konchilik korxonalarining ishlab chiqarish samaradorligini oshirishga yordam beradi.
Tadqiqot natijalari ochiq kon ishlarida qazuvchi-yuklovchi mashinalarni tanlashda ilmiy asoslangan yondashuvni ishlab chiqishga xizmat qiladi va konchilik korxonalarining ishlab chiqarish samaradorligini oshirishga yordam beradi.
76-78
32
14
ESHKAK ESISHNING SO‘G‘LOMLASHTIRUVCHI AHAMIYATI
Ushbu tezisda Eshkak esish sportining inson sog‘lig‘iga foydasi, jismoniy rivojlanishga ta’siri, yurak-qon tomir va mushak tizimlarini chiniqtirishdagi o‘rni yoritiladi.
79-82
43
12
“BOBURNOMA” - TARIXIY MEMUAR ASAR
Ushbu maqolada “Boburnoma”- tarixiy memuar asar ekanligi, tarixiy voqealar, mashhur shaxslar, Boburning turmush tarzi yaqqol yoritib oʻtilgan.
83-87
61
25
TILNING JAMIYATDAGI O‘RNI, DAVLAT TILI SIFATIDAGI NUFUZINI YORITUVCHI ILMIY-PUBLITSISTIK MAQOLASI
Ushbu maqolada tilning jamiyat hayotidagi o‘rni,milliy ong va madaniyatni shakllantirishdagi ahamiyati hamda davlat tili sifatidagi nufuzi tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, O‘zbekiston Respublikasida davlat tilining huquqiy maqomi, uni rivojlantirish borasida amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar hamda yosh avlodda til madaniyatini oshirish masalalariga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Maqola tilning jamiyat taraqqiyotidagi beqiyos o‘rnini ochib berish hamda uni ardoqlash zarurligini targ‘ib etishga qaratilgan.
88-91
473
65
UILYAM SHEKSPIRNING “QIROL LIR” TRAGEDIYASI
Mazkur maqolada mashhur ingliz dramaturgi Uilyam Shekspir hayoti va ijodi, xususan, uning “Qirol Lir” tragediyasi tahlil qilinadi. Asarda insoniylik, sadoqat, xiyonat, manfaatparastlik, ota va farzand o‘rtasidagi murakkab munosabatlar badiiy mahorat bilan aks ettirilgan. Shuningdek, asar mazmuni va undagi g‘oyalar zamonaviy hayotda ham o‘z dolzarbligini yo‘qotmaganligi ta’kidlanadi. Tolstoy va zamonaviy shekspirshunoslar fikrlari orqali asarning turlicha talqinlari yoritiladi.
92-96
42
20
BOSHLANG’ICH SINF O'QITUVCHILIK FAOLIYATIDA PEDAGOGIK NIZOLARNING KELIB CHIQISH SABABLARI VA OLDINI OLISH OMILLARI
Mazkur maqolada boshlang’ich ta’lim jarayonida o’qituvchi faoliyatida pedagogik nizolarni kelib chiqish sabablari va oldini olish omillari haqida fikr-mulohazalar yuritilgan.
97-100
62
10
BOSHLANGʻICH SINF OʻQUVCHILARIDA IJTIMOIY TARMOQLARDAN OQILONA FOYDALANISH MADANIYATINI SHAKLLANTIRISHNING PEDAGOGIK ASOSLARI
Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining ta’lim va tarbiyasida ijtimoiy tarmoqlarning o‘rni, ularning ijobiy va salbiy ta’siri, shuningdek, oqilona foydalanishning pedagogik asoslari yoritiladi. Ijtimoiy tarmoqlar orqali o‘quvchilarni axborotga chanqoqligini qondirish, o‘quv motivatsiyasini kuchaytirish, odob-axloq qoidalariga amal qilish, shaxsiy ma’lumotlarni himoya qilish kabi jihatlar tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada ota-ona, o‘qituvchi va jamiyatning hamkorligi orqali boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarida axborot madaniyatini shakllantirish yo‘llari haqida bayon qilingan.
101-103
126
11
ПОНЯТИЕ ГОМЕОСТАЗА
Гомеостаз является фундаментальным понятием физиологии, отражающим способность организма поддерживать относительное динамическое постоянство внутренней среды (температура, pH, ионный состав, осмолярность, глюкоза и др.) в условиях изменяющихся внешних и внутренних факторов. Поддержание гомеостаза обеспечивается системой сложных нейрогуморальных и биохимических механизмов, включающих нервную, эндокринную и иммунную регуляцию. В статье рассматриваются основные представления о гомеостазе, исторические аспекты его изучения, физиологические механизмы регуляции, а также значение этого процесса для сохранения здоровья человека и животных.
104-106
60
14
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ АНАТОМИЯ ПЕРИФЕРИЧЕСКОЙ НЕРВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Функциональная анатомия периферической нервной системы рассматривает строение и организацию нервных элементов за пределами центральной нервной системы (головной и спинной мозг). В обзоре изложены основные структурные компоненты периферической нервной системы (чувствительные и двигательные нервы, смешанные нервы, ганглии, рецепторы), их связь с центральной нервной системой, механизмы проводимости и рефлекторной деятельности, особенности иннервации органов и тканей, а также клиническое значение нарушений периферической иннервации. Представлены ключевые термины и выдержки из современной литературы.
66-68
84
12
O‘QITUVCHINING KREATIVLIK QOBILIYATI
Mazkur maqolada o‘qituvchining kreativlik qobiliyati haqida so‘z borarkan, bugungi kun o‘qituvchilari zamon bilan hamnafas bo‘lishi kerakligi, o‘quvchilar nima bilan yashayotganini tushunishi hamda ularga mos holda bo‘lishi darkor. Hozirgi zamon standartlarini amalga tadbiq etish o‘qituvchidan nafaqat yuqori malakani va doimiy kasbiy rivojlanishni, balki o‘z ishiga ijodiy yondashishni talab etadi.
69-72
310
78
HAYDAR XORAZMIY VA “MUHABBATNOMA”SI — O‘ZBEK MUMTOZ ADABIYOTIDA ISHQIY-DIDAKTIK AN’ANALAR IFODASI
Ushbu maqolada oʻrta asrlarda yashab oʻtgan Hofiz Xorazmiy haqida ham oʻz davrida va hozirgacha qimmatli hisoblangan “Muhabbatnoma” asari haqida maʼlumot aytib oʻtilgan. Xorazmiyning yashab ijod qilgan hayot saboqlari, uning “Muhabbatnoma” asarining til xususiyatlari, tilning fonetik xususiyatlaridan mahorat ila qay darajada foydalanilgani hamda buni oʻrgangan olimlar ishlari ham bir qatorda bayon etilgan.
73-76
34
14
AUDITORY ORGAN
This review summarizes the anatomy, cellular physiology, neural pathways and central processing of the auditory system. Peripheral structures (outer, middle and inner ear), mechanoelectrical transduction by hair cells, cochlear mechanics and frequency mapping are described. Ascending auditory pathways from the cochlear nerve through brainstem nuclei to the auditory cortex are outlined, including parallel processing of timing and intensity cues.
Clinical aspects such as hearing loss types, diagnostic methods (audiometry, otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem responses), and current therapeutic and rehabilitative approaches (hearing aids, cochlear implants, pharmacological and gene therapies) are discussed. Emerging directions in auditory neuroscience, including hair cell regeneration, optogenetic stimulation and brain–computer auditory interfaces, are highlighted.
Clinical aspects such as hearing loss types, diagnostic methods (audiometry, otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem responses), and current therapeutic and rehabilitative approaches (hearing aids, cochlear implants, pharmacological and gene therapies) are discussed. Emerging directions in auditory neuroscience, including hair cell regeneration, optogenetic stimulation and brain–computer auditory interfaces, are highlighted.
77-79
73
18
ETHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
The review article examines the main ethical and legal aspects of biomedical research. It covers historical background and international regulations, principles of research ethics involving humans and animals, requirements for informed consent, protection of vulnerable groups, regulation of clinical trials and biobanking, as well as issues of confidentiality, conflict of interest, and researchers' responsibility. The article provides recommendations for compliance with ethical standards and legal regulation.
229-231
72
23
ПОНЯТИЕ БИОЭТИКИ. ФАКТОРЫ, СПОСОБСТВОВАВШИЕ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЮ БИОЭТИКИ, И ЕЁ ПРИНЦИПЫ. ПРОБЛЕМЫ БИОЭТИКИ.
Статья даёт обзор понятия биоэтики, описывает исторические и социально-технологические факторы, приведшие к её формированию, излагает базовые принципы и систематизирует ключевые проблемные области современного биоэтического дискурса.
Подчёркнута необходимость междисциплинарного подхода и адаптивных этических норм в условиях быстрого научно-технического прогресса.
Подчёркнута необходимость междисциплинарного подхода и адаптивных этических норм в условиях быстрого научно-технического прогресса.
232-236
26
10
JAS DZYUDOSHI QIZLARDIŃ TEXNIKALIQ TAYARLIQ PROCESIN DÚZIW METODIKASI
Bul maqalada Dzyudoshi qızlardıń texnikasın baqlaw usıllarınıń islep shıǵilıwı olardıń texnikalıq dárejeleri shegaraların muǵdarlıq tegislew hám de tayınlıǵı pedagogikalıq procesine zárúrli tahrirlar kirgiziw ushın múmkinshilik beredi. Dzyudoshi qızlar menen alıp barılatuǵın oqıw shınıǵıwdı kóp jıllıq joybarlawtirsh pútkil shınıǵıw procesin aqılǵa say tashkil etiliwine xızmet etedi. Oqıw shınıǵıwdı joybarlaw bul- jeke mamanlıǵın jetilistiriw programması bolıp tabıladı. Dzyudoshi qızlardıń tayınlıǵınıń túrli táreplerine bolǵan talaplar rejede jıldan-jılǵa asıp barıwı kerek. Trener xar bir qızdıń eń áhmiyetli jarısların belgilep alıwı xamda olardıń xar birinde shınıǵıw procesiniń yonalishini anıqlap alıwı. Sonıń menen birge, trener shınıǵıwdıń tiykarǵı quralların hám usılların tańlap alıw kerek.
237-240
42
11
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROWING IN UZBEKISTAN AND ITS IMPORTANCE TODAY
The article analyzes how eshkak eshish (kayak/canoeing and traditional veslovy Sports) has developed in Uzbekistan, which types (kayak — kayak, canoe — canoe, canoe sprint, canoe slalom, paracanoe and veslo types) have become popular, industry infrastructure, international competitions have taken place and its importance in society and health through the results of recent years. Conclusions and suggestions are brought.
241-244
21
12
EDUCATIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MODERN APPLIED ART
This article is about the crafts of Uzbekistan and about the priority of traditional types of art, the increase in ethnocultural values in society after independence by culturologists, including the artistic experience of past centuries.
245-248
37
6
METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF PAINTINGS (WORKSHOP) SPECIALISTS
Drawing is the leading special discipline in the process of educating an artist-teacher.
Our ideas and associative emotions are closely connected with the objective world, with its external and internal properties. Direct reliance on visual experience and reflection is the most important feature of artistic perception. The specificity of realistic drawing lies in the fact that real reality is taken as the basis of creativity, and the transfer of the artist's thoughts and feelings is carried out in a figurative form through the image of specific objects. The Soviet School of Fine Arts defines the study of realistic drawing in art education as the most important factor not only of a practical nature, but also of ideological significance.
Our ideas and associative emotions are closely connected with the objective world, with its external and internal properties. Direct reliance on visual experience and reflection is the most important feature of artistic perception. The specificity of realistic drawing lies in the fact that real reality is taken as the basis of creativity, and the transfer of the artist's thoughts and feelings is carried out in a figurative form through the image of specific objects. The Soviet School of Fine Arts defines the study of realistic drawing in art education as the most important factor not only of a practical nature, but also of ideological significance.
249-251
68
22
USE OF INTERACTIVE METHODS AND GAMES IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS
This article discusses the theoretical significance of the use of interactive methods and educational games in the primary grades. The theoretical foundations of the organization of the teaching process in primary education are also covered.
252-256
37
64
APOPTOZ VA NEKROZ. HUJAYRA O‘LIMINING MORFOLOGIK VA MOLEKULYAR ASOSLARI
Mazkur maqolada hujayra o‘limining asosiy shakllari – apoptoz, nekroz, onkoz, piroptoz va avtofagiyaning morfologik va molekulyar xususiyatlari chuqur tahlil qilinadi.
Dasturlashtirilgan va nazoratsiz hujayra o‘limi o‘rtasidagi farqlar, ularga vositachilik qiluvchi signallar va fermentlar, xususan kaspazalar roli yoritilgan. Har bir hujayra o‘limi shaklining immun javob va yallig‘lanish bilan bog‘liqligi, shuningdek, ularning fiziologik va patologik kontekstdagi ahamiyati muhokama qilinadi. Maqola hujayra nobud bo‘lishining murakkab spektrini ochib beradi hamda zamonaviy tibbiyotda ushbu jarayonlarning o‘rganilishi zarurligini asoslaydi.
Dasturlashtirilgan va nazoratsiz hujayra o‘limi o‘rtasidagi farqlar, ularga vositachilik qiluvchi signallar va fermentlar, xususan kaspazalar roli yoritilgan. Har bir hujayra o‘limi shaklining immun javob va yallig‘lanish bilan bog‘liqligi, shuningdek, ularning fiziologik va patologik kontekstdagi ahamiyati muhokama qilinadi. Maqola hujayra nobud bo‘lishining murakkab spektrini ochib beradi hamda zamonaviy tibbiyotda ushbu jarayonlarning o‘rganilishi zarurligini asoslaydi.
257-260
38
43
THE SYSTEM OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CONFLICTS IN THE WORK "STARRY NIGHT"
This article analyzes the interrelation between plot and conflict in Pirimqul Qodirov’s novel “Yulduzli tunlar” (Starry Nights). The study examines interpersonal, internal, and social conflicts in relation to character psychology and plot development. The findings reveal that conflict serves as the driving force of the narrative, shaping both dramatic intensity and character evolution. The author’s artistic mastery in depicting Humoyun’s inner struggles and emotional depth is also highlighted.
261-265
38
20
ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION OF THE IMAGE OF A WOMAN IN THE WORK OF ZULFIYA
This article analyzes the artistic interpretation of the image of a woman in the work of the folk poetess Zulfiya Israilova. In the life, work and work of the poetess, the image of a woman is reflected through which she expresses such qualities as humanity, devotion, hard work, patriotism. In her poems, Zulfiya reflects not only the female psyche, but also the national identity, the spiritual world of the people. The article, based on an analysis of the poetess's works, reveals the artistic interpretation of the image of a woman, the system of images and their poetic content.
266-269
63
37
DIGITAL LAW: ISSUES OF INTERNET FREEDOM AND PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION
This article is devoted to the issues of digital law, internet freedom and personal data protection, which are an integral part of the development of modern society. At a time when the digital environment has become a new field of human thought, the issue of personal freedom and data privacy has become not only a legal criterion, but also a social phenomenon requiring deep psychological balance. The article interprets internet freedom as a fundamental human right, analyzes its limitations, dangerous processes such as digital censorship and manipulation. Also, in the issue of personal data protection, the human psychological integrity, identity crisis and internal fear of digital security are highlighted, and the constitutional obligations of the state and society are considered in depth. Throughout the article, the national legislation of Uzbekistan is compared with international standards, and the existing gaps and ways to eliminate them are highlighted with scientifically based proposals. The philosophical basis of the article is the following idea: digital freedom is not only the right to information, but also the protection of human dignity and spiritual integrity. If society cannot protect personal information, it cannot protect the inner world of a person. Therefore, the article interprets digital law as the most important criterion of future civilization and serves to awaken social consciousness and deepen legal responsibility.
190-194
15
13
STUDENTS' RESEARCH WORK
The article discusses the methodology for developing students' research activities at a university and its main stages. The effectiveness of attracting students to research work and the influence of personal qualities on the success of educational, extracurricular and research activities, which increases the reflexive abilities and skills of students
195-198
18
6
SOCIO-PEDAGOGICAL NECESSITY OF FORMING PROFESSIONAL MOTIVATION OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
In this article, the socio-pedagogical necessity of forming the professional motivation of future primary school teachers, the conditions for improving the quality of primary education in society, and improving pedagogical professionalism have been researched. The theoretical and general aspects of the development of professional competences and methodical training in the formation of professional motivation of future teachers are scientifically based.
199-202
32
3
LEXICAL FEATURES OF THE METAPHOR USED IN THE TEXT OF THE NOVELS
In linguistics, the grammatical, stylistic, linguopoetic, psycholinguistic, and cognitive-pragmatic study of linguistic units through the analysis of prose texts is ultimately of great importance, but if linguistic units, including metaphors, are pragmatically analyzed, the social status, significance, and linguistic value of linguistic means are further clarified.
203-205
34
12
THE ROLE OF THE EDUCATOR IN THE FORMATION OF MORAL QUALITIES IN CHILDREN
This article highlights the role and responsibility of the educator in shaping moral qualities in preschool children. The importance of moral education in the personal development of a child, the methods used by educators, and modern pedagogical approaches are analyzed. The influence of the family environment and social factors on the child’s moral worldview is also discussed.
206-215
56
12
ПУТИ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ПРУДЕНЦИАЛНЫХ НОРМАТИВОВ УСТАНОВЛЕННЫХ ЦЕНТРАЛНОМ БАНКОМ
В статье представлен углубленный анализ экономической сущности пруденциальных нормативов, регулирующих деятельность коммерческих банков Центральным банком Республики Узбекистан, их роли в обеспечении стабильности банковской системы и проблем действующей системы. В ходе исследования проведен сравнительный анализ национальной пруденциальной политики с международными стандартами Базеля III, а также оценен уровень внедрения в национальной системе принципов достаточности капитала, ликвидности, риск-ориентированного контроля и макропруденциальной политики.
Проведенный анализ выявил, что, несмотря на адаптацию основных требований пруденциальных нормативов в Узбекистане к международным требованиям, некоторые показатели (в частности, качество капитала, уровень кредитного плеча и система стресс-тестирования) еще не реализованы в полной мере. В связи с этим в статье выдвигаются предложения по укреплению системы риск-ориентированного контроля, созданию цифровой платформы пруденциального мониторинга и постепенной адаптации стандартов Базеля III к национальным условиям в качестве приоритетных направлений совершенствования политики Центрального банка.
Результаты исследования имеют практическое значение для Центрального банка, коммерческих банков и органов финансового надзора, поскольку способствуют повышению устойчивости банковской системы, снижению финансовых рисков и укреплению экономической безопасности.
Проведенный анализ выявил, что, несмотря на адаптацию основных требований пруденциальных нормативов в Узбекистане к международным требованиям, некоторые показатели (в частности, качество капитала, уровень кредитного плеча и система стресс-тестирования) еще не реализованы в полной мере. В связи с этим в статье выдвигаются предложения по укреплению системы риск-ориентированного контроля, созданию цифровой платформы пруденциального мониторинга и постепенной адаптации стандартов Базеля III к национальным условиям в качестве приоритетных направлений совершенствования политики Центрального банка.
Результаты исследования имеют практическое значение для Центрального банка, коммерческих банков и органов финансового надзора, поскольку способствуют повышению устойчивости банковской системы, снижению финансовых рисков и укреплению экономической безопасности.
80-83
85
14
SPORT TERMINLARINING SEMANTIK TURLARI VA ULARNING O‘ZBEK TILIDAGI IFODASI
Ushbu maqolada sport sohasida qo‘llaniladigan terminlarning semantik xususiyatlari, ularning o‘zbek tilidagi ifoda shakllari va ma’no jihatdan farqlanishi tahlil qilinadi. Sport terminlari milliy til tizimiga qanday singdirilayotgani, tarjima jarayonida semantik o‘zgarishlarning qanday sodir bo‘lishi, shuningdek, terminlarning lingvistik va madaniy jihatlari yoritiladi. Tadqiqot o‘zbek tilshunosligida terminshunoslikning sport yo‘nalishidagi yangi bosqichini aks ettirib, til taraqqiyotidagi global ta’sirlarni ko‘rsatadi.
84-85
67
21
O‘ZBEKISTON TOG‘LI HUDUDLARIDA TURISTIK-REKREATSION HUDUDLARNI TASHKIL ETISH (SHAKLLANTIRISH) TAMOYILLARI SURXONDARYO VILOYATI MISOLIDA
Mazkur tezisda O‘zbekiston tog‘li hududlarining, xususan Surxondaryo viloyatining turistik-rekreatsion salohiyati, ularni shakllantirish tamoyillari va rivojlantirish istiqbollari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda tog‘li hududlardagi tabiiy landshaftlar, tarixiy-madaniy yodgorliklar, iqlim sharoiti va infratuzilma imkoniyatlari o‘rganilgan. Shuningdek, turizmni barqaror rivojlantirishda ekologik muvozanat, mahalliy aholi ishtiroki va zamonaviy boshqaruv yondashuvlari muhim omil sifatida qayd etiladi.
86-86
19
8
RESPUBLIKALARNI BOSH SXEMALARINI (GENSXEMA) ISHLAB CHIQISH
Rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda barqaror iqtisodiy, ijtimoiy va ekologik taraqqiyotni taʼminlash maqsadida hududiy rejalashtirishning samarali vositalaridan biri - bosh sxema (general sxema, yoki Gensxema) hisoblanadi.
Bosh sxema — bu respublika miqyosidagi uzoq muddatli hududiy rivojlanish konsepsiyasini belgilab beradigan strategik hujjat boʻlib, u mavjud resurslardan samarali foydalanish, demografik oʻsishni hisobga olish, infratuzilmani rivojlantirish hamda tabiiy muhitni muhofaza qilish kabi asosiy masalalarni qamrab oladi.
Bosh sxema — bu respublika miqyosidagi uzoq muddatli hududiy rivojlanish konsepsiyasini belgilab beradigan strategik hujjat boʻlib, u mavjud resurslardan samarali foydalanish, demografik oʻsishni hisobga olish, infratuzilmani rivojlantirish hamda tabiiy muhitni muhofaza qilish kabi asosiy masalalarni qamrab oladi.
87-88
36
23
KICHIK SHAHARLARDA MA’MURIY OBYEKTLARNING JOYLASHUV AHAMIYATI
Kichik shaharlarda ma’muriy obyektlarning joylashuvi hududni boshqarish tizimining samaradorligi, aholining davlat xizmatlariga bo‘lgan qulay kirish imkoniyati, shahar makonining ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy faolligi hamda ekologik barqarorlik darajasiga bevosita ta’sir etuvchi muhim omillardandir.
107-109
34
8
XIZMAT TUSHUNCHASIGA BO‘LGAN TURLI XIL YONDOSHUVLAR TAHLILI
Zamonaviy mahalliy va xorijiy iqtisodiy adabiyotlarda "xizmatlar"ni aniqlashning uchta asosiy yondashuvi mavjud. Birinchi yondashuvni soha deb atash mumkin, unga muvofiq xizmat ko‘rsatish sohasi tegishli mutaxassislik sohalarini o‘z ichiga oladi.
Ikkinchi yondashuvga ko‘ra, "xizmat" tushunchasi muqobil usul bilan shakllantiriladi, ya’ni mol — mulkka xos bo‘lgan narsalarga qarama-qarshi xususiyatlar va belgilar umumlashtiriladi.
Ikkinchi yondashuvga ko‘ra, "xizmat" tushunchasi muqobil usul bilan shakllantiriladi, ya’ni mol — mulkka xos bo‘lgan narsalarga qarama-qarshi xususiyatlar va belgilar umumlashtiriladi.
270-274
35
22
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ МЕТОДОВ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ АНТИСПЕРМАЛЬНЫХ АНТИТЕЛ У МУЖЧИН
Антиспермальные антитела (АСАТ) играют значительную роль в патогенезе иммунологического бесплодия у мужчин, нарушая подвижность сперматозоидов, вызывая их агглютинацию и снижая способность к оплодотворению.
Цель настоящей работы - провести сравнительный анализ наиболее распространённых методов выявления АСАТ, включая MAR-тест, иммуноферментный анализ (ИФА), прямой и непрямой тест Кумбса, Immunobead test и иммунофлюоресцентный метод. Рассмотрены принципы работы, диагностическая чувствительность, преимущества и недостатки каждого метода. Показано, что для повышения точности диагностики целесообразно комбинировать методы, оценивающие как локальный, так и системный иммунный ответ. Представлены рекомендации по выбору оптимального диагностического подхода в зависимости от клинической ситуации.
Цель настоящей работы - провести сравнительный анализ наиболее распространённых методов выявления АСАТ, включая MAR-тест, иммуноферментный анализ (ИФА), прямой и непрямой тест Кумбса, Immunobead test и иммунофлюоресцентный метод. Рассмотрены принципы работы, диагностическая чувствительность, преимущества и недостатки каждого метода. Показано, что для повышения точности диагностики целесообразно комбинировать методы, оценивающие как локальный, так и системный иммунный ответ. Представлены рекомендации по выбору оптимального диагностического подхода в зависимости от клинической ситуации.
275-279
46
25
KONSTITUTSIYA USTUNLIGI: HUQUQIY BARQARORLIKNING POYDEVORI
“Konstitutsiya ustunligi: huquqiy barqarorlikning poydevori” nomli ushbu maqola davlat hokimiyatining barcha tarmoqlari, fuqarolik jamiyati institutlari va har bir shaxsning huquqiy ongi o‘rtasidagi muvozanatni ta’minlovchi eng oliy huquqiy qadriyat — Konstitutsiyaning ustunligi tamoyilini chuqur tahlil etishga bag‘ishlangan. Maqolada muallif xalqaro huquq me’yorlari, konstitutsion adolat va davlat suvereniteti o‘rtasidagi dialektik bog‘liqlikni normativ-huquqiy doktrina, konstitutsionizatsiya jarayoni, hamda yuridik barqarorlik paradigmasi nuqtai nazaridan tahlil qiladi. Shuningdek, huquqiy tizimning mustahkamligi, inson huquqlarining daxlsizligi va hokimiyatning cheklanishi Konstitutsiyaning amalda ustuvor bo‘lishiga bevosita bog‘liqligi ilmiy asoslangan holda ochib beriladi. Asarda “Konstitutsiya – davlat va jamiyat o‘rtasidagi ijtimoiy kontrakt”, “Huquq ustuvorligi – davlatning axloqiy omon qolish mexanizmi”, “Yuridik barqarorlik – fuqarolik ishonchining psixologik garovi” kabi g‘oyalar asosiy konseptual yo‘nalish sifatida ilgari suriladi. Muallif shuningdek, normativ-huquqiy tizimdagi har qanday deformatsiya yoki siyosiy voluntarizm Konstitutsiya ustunligiga raxna solishi, bu esa ijtimoiy ishonch, iqtisodiy barqarorlik va fuqarolik totuvligiga bevosita tahdid tug‘dirishini ilmiy-analitik asosda yoritadi. Maqolada xalqaro konstitutsion tajribalar – Germaniya Asosiy qonuni, AQSh Konstitutsiyasi va Fransiya Respublikasi konstitutsion evolyutsiyasi misolida huquqiy barqarorlikning universal mexanizmlari solishtirma tahlil qilinadi.
280-283
74
44
ATTRACTING AND MANAGING ATTENTION IN COMMUNICATION
This article analyzes the importance and strategies of attracting and managing attention in communication within a professional environment. In today’s competitive world, the ability to effectively capture and hold the listener's attention has become a key skill for professionals. The article explores verbal and non-verbal communication techniques, tone of voice, body language, question-and-answer formats, and attention-enhancing methods.
284-287
80
16
ЗАЩИТА ПРАВ РЕБЁНКА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ В НАЧАЛЬНОЙ ШКОЛЕ
В статье рассматриваются особенности внедрения цифровых технологий в систему начального образования с акцентом на необходимость защиты прав ребёнка. Автор подчёркивает, что использование электронных ресурсов и онлайн-платформ открывает новые возможности для обучения, но одновременно создаёт риски, связанные с утечкой персональных данных, информационной безопасностью, кибербуллингом и чрезмерной цифровой нагрузкой. Особое внимание уделено правовым аспектам регулирования цифрового обучения, роли государства в создании нормативной базы, а также взаимодействию школы и семьи в обеспечении безопасной образовательной среды. В статье подчёркивается, что цифровизация должна сопровождаться комплексной системой правовой и педагогической защиты ребёнка. Сделан вывод о необходимости гармоничного сочетания инноваций и правового регулирования для успешного развития начального образования.
557-562
48
8
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SIGNIFICANCE OF D-DIMER LEVELS IN THE PREVENTION OF MISSED ABORTION DURING PREGNANCY
This scientific work examines the clinical and laboratory significance of D-dimer levels in the prevention of missed abortion during pregnancy. The study analyzes the physiological changes in the hemostatic system throughout pregnancy and the mechanisms leading to its pathological disruption. D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product, serves as a reliable biomarker for assessing coagulation and fibrinolysis activity. Research findings show that abnormal fluctuations in D-dimer levels are associated with complications such as placental insufficiency, thrombosis, and pregnancy loss. Regular monitoring of D-dimer concentrations allows for early detection of hemostatic disorders and timely preventive measures, improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
110-113
48
21
TA’LIM TIZIMIDA RAQAMLI PEDAGOGIKANING METODOLOGIK ASOSLARI
Mazkur tezisda ta’lim tizimida raqamli pedagogikaning metodologik asoslari yoritilgan. Raqamli texnologiyalarni o‘quv jarayoniga tatbiq etishning nazariy hamda amaliy jihatlari tahlil qilinib, ta’lim samaradorligini oshirishdagi imkoniyatlari ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Shuningdek, raqamli pedagogikaning zamonaviy yondashuvlar — konstruktivizm, kompetensiyaviy va shaxsga yo‘naltirilgan ta’lim bilan uyg‘unligi asoslab berilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari raqamli pedagogikani metodologik jihatdan puxta asoslash ta’lim sifatini yuksaltirishning muhim sharti ekanligini ko‘rsatadi.
114-115
22
5
MILLETTI TÚSINIW SOCIALLÍQ FALSAFANÍŃ PREDMETI SÍPАТÍNDA
Bul maqalada millet túsiniginiń sociallıq-filosofiyalıq mazmunı, onıń jámiyet rawajlanıwındaǵı ornı, milliy ózlikti ańlaw procesindegi áhmiyeti hám milletler aralıq qatnasıqlarda tutqan filosofiyalıq ornı aytiladi.
87-92
97
10
DEVIANT XULQNING NAZARIY ASOSLARI VA UNING O‘SMIRLIK DAVRIDA NAMOYON BO‘LISH XUSUSIYATLARI
Deviant xulq deganda, jamiyat tomonidan qabul qilingan umumiy ijtimoiy me’yor va qoidalarga zid, ulardan farq qiluvchi xatti-harakatlar majmui tushuniladi. Bunday harakatlar odatda ijtimoiy muhitda norozilik, tanqidiy munosabat va salbiy baholarga sabab bo‘ladi. Ayniqsa bolaning o’smirlik yosh davrida bu jaroyon jadal suratlar bilan tezlashadi. Bola tashqaridan kelayotgan har qanday ta’sirlarga tez moslashuvchan va har xil oqimlarni tez qabul qiluvchi bo’ladi. Ushbu tezisda ushbu hususiyatlarning nazariy asoslarini va xususiyatlarini tahlil qilinadi.
93-94
24
4
"MILLATTI TÚSINIW - SOCIALLIQ SANA, ETIKA HÁM HUQIQIY-FILOSOFIYALIQ QATNAS SIPATINDA"
Bul maqalada millet túsiniginiń sociallıq-filosofiyalıq mazmunı, onıń jámiyet rawajlanıwındaǵı ornı, milliy ózlikti ańlaw procesindegi áhmiyeti hám milletler aralıq qatnasıqlarda tutqan filosofiyalıq ornı haqqinda aytiladi.
576-580
151
10
BOSHLANG‘ICH SINFLARDA ONA TILI DARSLARIDA NUTQ O‘STIRISH METODLARI
Bugungi kunda ta`lim sifatini oshirishning muhim omillaridan biri bu o‘quvchilarning har tomonlama kreativligini oshirishdir. Shu o‘rinda boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining kreativligini oshirishda asosiy ustuvor usullardan ongli o‘qitish, nutq madaniyatini o‘stirish, yozma va og‘zaki nutq mashqlarini uyg‘un holatda olib borishdir.Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarda lug‘at boyligini oshirishda turli xil samarali usullar haqida ma’lumot berilgan.
581-585
34
4
BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF ONATILI DARSLARIDA ADABIY MATERIALLARDAN FOYDALANISH
Ushbu maqolada ona tili darslarida PIRLS xalqaro baholash dasturi materiallaridan foydalangan holda dars mashg‘ulotlarini tashkil etish to‘g‘risida so‘z boradi.
PIRLS xalqaro dasturi o‘quvchilarning matnni o’qib tushunishlari, yangidanyangi g’oyalar, boshqa madaniyatlar va turli mamlakatlar haqida tasavvurga ega bo’lishlariga imkon beradigan qobiliyat haqida kengroq tushunchaga ega bo’lishni o’z oldiga maqsad qilib qo’ygan.
O’quvchilarning erishgan yutuqlarini baholash barcha o’quvchilardan emas, balki ushbu qatlam vakillari sifatida tanlab olingan o’quvchilardan obyektiv testlarni o’tkazish orqali amalga oshiriladi.
PIRLS xalqaro dasturi o‘quvchilarning matnni o’qib tushunishlari, yangidanyangi g’oyalar, boshqa madaniyatlar va turli mamlakatlar haqida tasavvurga ega bo’lishlariga imkon beradigan qobiliyat haqida kengroq tushunchaga ega bo’lishni o’z oldiga maqsad qilib qo’ygan.
O’quvchilarning erishgan yutuqlarini baholash barcha o’quvchilardan emas, balki ushbu qatlam vakillari sifatida tanlab olingan o’quvchilardan obyektiv testlarni o’tkazish orqali amalga oshiriladi.
586-589
158
20
ZAMONAVIY TA’LIMDA INNOVATSION METODLAR VA ULARNING SAMARADORLIGI
Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy ta’lim tizimida qo‘llanilayotgan innovatsion pedagogik metodlarning mazmun-mohiyati, ularning turlari, amaliyotdagi qo‘llanilishi va ta’lim samaradorligiga ko‘rsatayotgan ta’siri chuqur tahlil etilgan. Innovatsion metodlar o‘quvchilarni dars jarayoniga faol jalb qilish, ularning mustaqil fikrlash, tanqidiy yondashuv va ijodiy salohiyatini rivojlantirishda muhim vosita bo‘lib xizmat qilmoqda. Ayniqsa, interaktiv uslublar, loyiha asosida o‘qitish, axborot-kommunikatsion texnologiyalardan foydalanish, konstruktiv va differensial yondashuvlar ta’lim jarayonini samarali tashkil etishga yordam beradi. Shuningdek, maqolada o‘qituvchining innovatsion yondashuvlarga bo‘lgan munosabati va ularni puxta o‘zlashtirishi ta’lim natijalarining sifati bilan bog‘liq ekani alohida ta’kidlangan.
590-594
40
6
BOSHLANG’ICH SINFLARDA ONA TILI FANINING O‘QUVCHILAR FIKRLASH QOBILIYATINI RIVOJLANITIRISHDAGI AHAMIYATI
Ushbu maqolada boshlang'ich sinflarda ona tili fanining o'quchilar fikrlash qobiliyatini rivojlantirishdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Ona tili darslari o'quvchilarning mantiqiy fikrlash, tahlil qilish, va ijodiy yondashuv ko'nikmalarini shakllantirishda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Maqolada o'qitish usullari, dars jarayonida foydalaniladigan metodlar va faoliyatlar orqali fikrlash qobiliyatini oshirish yo'llari ko'rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, ona tili fani o'quvchilarning til madaniyati va kommunikativ ko'nikmalarini rivojlantirishga qanday ta'sir ko'rsatishi haqida ham ma'lumot beriladi.
595-598
53
10
BOSHLANG`ICH SINFLARDA FONETIKANING NAZARIY ASOSLARINI SHAKLLANTIRISH
Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinflarda fonetikaning nazariy asoslarini shakllantirish masalasi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Fonetika, nutq tovushlari va ularning xususiyatlarini o‘rganish orqali o‘quvchilarning til bilish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi.
Maqolada fonetikani o‘rganishning asosiy tamoyillari, dars jarayonida qo‘llaniladigan usullar va metodlar, shuningdek, o‘quvchilarning nutq madaniyatini yaxshilashga qaratilgan faoliyatlar tavsiflanadi. Fonetikaning nazariy asoslarini shakllantirish orqali o‘quvchilarni to‘g‘ri talaffuz, intonatsiya va nutqning boshqa fonetik xususiyatlari bilan tanishtirish maqsadi ko‘zda tutiladi.
Maqolada fonetikani o‘rganishning asosiy tamoyillari, dars jarayonida qo‘llaniladigan usullar va metodlar, shuningdek, o‘quvchilarning nutq madaniyatini yaxshilashga qaratilgan faoliyatlar tavsiflanadi. Fonetikaning nazariy asoslarini shakllantirish orqali o‘quvchilarni to‘g‘ri talaffuz, intonatsiya va nutqning boshqa fonetik xususiyatlari bilan tanishtirish maqsadi ko‘zda tutiladi.
599-602
20
5
KOMMUMIKATIV KOMPETENTLIKNI O‘STIRISH
Mazkur maqolada shiddat bilan rivojlanib borayotgan ijtimoiy hayotda yoshlarning o‘z o‘rnini topishida ta’lim jarayonini kommunikativ kompetensiya asosida tashkil etishning samarasi va yosh avlodning ijtimoiylashuviga ta’siri haqida so‘z yuritilgan.
603-607
58
6
ONA TILI DARSLARI ORQALI O‘QUVCHILARNI MILLIY QADRIYATLAR ASOSIDA TARBIYALASHNING SAMARALI YO‘LLARI
Ushbu maqolada ona tili darslari orqali o‘quvchilarni milliy qadriyatlar asosida tarbiyalashning samarali yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Milliy qadriyatlar, o‘z xalqining madaniyati, an’analari va urf-odatlarini o‘rganish orqali o‘quvchilarda vatanparvarlik, axloqiy qadriyatlar va ijtimoiy mas'uliyat hissini shakllantirish maqsadi ko‘zda tutiladi. Maqolada dars jarayonida milliy qadriyatlarni o‘rgatish uchun qo‘llaniladigan metodlar, faoliyatlar va o‘quvchilarning ijodiy fikrlashini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan usullar tavsiflanadi. Shuningdek, ona tilining ahamiyati va uning milliy qadriyatlarni tarbiyalashdagi roli haqida ham so‘z yuritiladi.
241-245
84
21
ONA TILI VA O’QISH SAVODXONLIGI FANIDA PIRLS MATNNI TUSHUNISH MEZONLARI
Ushbu maqolada ONA TILI va O’QISH SAVODXONLIGI fanida PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) matnni tushunish mezonlari tahlil qilinadi.
Maqola, o’quvchilarning o’qish savodxonligini oshirishda muhim rol o’ynaydigan matnlarni tushunish ko’nikmalarini baholashga qaratilgan. PIRLS tadqiqoti orqali o’quvchilarning o’qish qobiliyatlari, matnlarni anglash darajalari va ularning ta'lim jarayonidagi ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada o’qituvchilar va ta'lim muassasalari uchun tavsiyalar beriladi, bu esa o’quvchilarning o’qish savodxonligini rivojlantirishga yordam beradi.
Maqola, o’quvchilarning o’qish savodxonligini oshirishda muhim rol o’ynaydigan matnlarni tushunish ko’nikmalarini baholashga qaratilgan. PIRLS tadqiqoti orqali o’quvchilarning o’qish qobiliyatlari, matnlarni anglash darajalari va ularning ta'lim jarayonidagi ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada o’qituvchilar va ta'lim muassasalari uchun tavsiyalar beriladi, bu esa o’quvchilarning o’qish savodxonligini rivojlantirishga yordam beradi.
246-248
65
9
ONA TILI DARSLARIDA OʻQUVCHILARNI MANTIQIY FIKRLASHGA OʻRGATISH METODIKASI
Ta’lim tizimida oʻqituvchilar tomonidan noan’anaviy ta’lim metodlari joriy etilib, oʻqitishning zamonaviy shakllari va metodlari keng qoʻllanilmoqda. Zamonaviy metod va usullarini qoʻllash oʻqitish jarayonida yuqori samaradorlikka erishishga olib keladi. An’anaviy oʻqitish jarayonida asosan oʻqituvchi darsni olib borsa, noan’anaviy oʻqitish jarayonida esa oʻquvchi shaxsiga erkinlik berish, uning mantiqiy fikrlashi, munosabatlarni demokratlashtirish asosida dars jarayonlari tashkil etiladi. Bunda ta’lim jarayonida oʻyinlardan foydalanish ham muhim oʻrin tutadi.
252-253
29
4
BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O‘QUVCHILARIDA ESTETIK TARBIYA ELEMENTLARINI SHAKLLANTIRISH MAZMUNI
Ushbu maqolada estetik tarbiyaning maqsadi va vazifalari shuningdek, boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarini estetik tarbiyalashning ahamiyatli jihatlari haqida bayon qilingan.
116-119
43
14
O‘ZBEKSTONDA HUDUDLAR KESIMIDA TRANSPORT XIZMATLARI KO‘RSATISHNING HOZIRGI HOLATI TAHLILI
2024-yilning yanvar-dekabr oylarida transport xizmatlari hajmi 145124,4 mlrd so‘mga yetdi, o‘sish sur’ati 2023-yilga nisbatan 108,6 % ni tashkil etgan. Ko‘rsatilgan bozor xizmatlarining umumiy hajmidagi ulushi 17,7 % ni tashkil etgan.
120-123
33
13
TALABALARDA SOG‘LOM TURMUSH TARZINI MUSIQIY TA'LIM ORQALI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING XALQARO TAJRIBALARI
Mazkur maqolada musiqiy ta’limning talabalarda sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirishdagi roli, xalqaro tajribalar, psixologik va pedagogik mexanizmlar ilmiy asosda tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, AQSh, Finlyandiya, Yaponiya, Germaniya, Janubiy Koreya kabi davlatlarda musiqiy ta’lim orqali sog‘lom hayot tamoyillarini rivojlantirishda qo‘llanilgan uslublar, musiqaterapiya dasturlari, o‘quv jarayoniga integratsiya mexanizmlari o‘rganiladi. Maqolada Respublikamiz oliy ta’lim tizimida ushbu ilg‘or tajribalarni amaliyotga tatbiq etish imkoniyatlari, talabalarning ruhiy barqarorligi, estetik didi va ijtimoiy faoliyatini oshirishdagi ta’siri bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.
124-126
97
13
YOSH AVLODNI TARBIYALASHDA OILA VA MAKTAB HAMKORLIGI
Mazkur maqolada yosh avlodni tarbiyalash jarayonida oila va maktab o‘rtasidagi hamkorlikning ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Oila va maktab birgalikda harakat qilgan holda bolalarda sog‘lom psixologik muhit yaratishi, ijtimoiy faollikni oshirishi va to‘g‘ri tarbiyani shakllantirishda muhim omil bo‘lishi yoritib berilgan. Hamkorlik shakllari va mavjud muammolar, shuningdek, ularni hal etish yo‘llari haqida ham fikr yuritilgan.
127-129
193
46
TA’LIM JARAYONIDA INDIVIDUAL YONDASHUVNING AHAMIYATI
Ushbu maqolada ta’lim jarayonida individual yondashuvning ahamiyati, uning ta’lim sifatini oshirishdagi roli va amaliyotda qo‘llanilishi muhokama qilinadi. Individual yondashuv o‘quvchilarning qobiliyatlari, ehtiyojlari va qiziqishlarini inobatga olib, ta’lim jarayonini samarali tashkil etishga imkon beradi. Shuningdek, maqolada individual yondashuvning afzalliklari va uni amalga oshirishdagi muammolar ko‘rib chiqiladi.
130-132
34
14
BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O‘QUVCHILARINI MUSTAQIL FIKRLASHGA O‘RGATISHDA ERTAKLARNING AHAMIYATI
ushbu maqolada o‘quvchilarni mustaqil fikrlashga o‘rgatishning ahamiyati va bunda ertaklarning o‘rni haqida yoritilgan bo‘lib, ertakning lug‘aviy hamda izohli ma’nosi keltirilgan, boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarini ertak o‘qishga o‘rgatishda ahamiyat berish lozim bo‘lgan jihatlar bayon qilingan.
133-134
19
7
БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ СОҲАСИДА ҲУҚУҚИЙ ЖАВОБГАРЛИК ИНСТИТУТИНИНГ РИВОЖЛАНИШ ТЕНДЕНЦИЯЛАРИ
Шу сабабли биотехнологик фаолият учун ҳуқуқий жавобгарлик институтини шакллантириш ва ривожлантириш долзарб масала сифатида қаралмоқда.
135-136
18
8
МАКТАБГАЧА ТАЪЛИМ ТИЗИМИДА КОРРУПЦИЯНИ ОЛДИНИ ОЛИШНИНГ ҲУҚУҚИЙ ВА ТАШКИЛИЙ АСОСЛАРИ
Коррупция — лотинча “cor” ва “ruptum” сўзларидан ташкил топган бўлиб, “cor” виждон, юрак “ruptum” эса бузилиш, вайрон бўлиш деган маъноларни англатади . Яъни коррупция инсоннинг виждонан ва аҳлоқан бузилиши ҳисобланади. Шунингдек, кўплаб илмий адабиётларда коррупция лотинча “корруптио” сўзидан олинганлиги келтирилган бўлиб, пора бериб сотиб олиш, бузилиш, ишдан чиқиш, ахлоқий (маънавий) бузилиш деган маъноларни англатади .
137-139
190
19
ADAPTIV JISMONIY TARBIYANING ASOSIY TUSHUNCHALARI VA ATAMALARI
Ushbu tezisda “madaniyat”, “jismoniy tarbiya” va “adaptiv jismoniy tarbiya” tushunchalarining mohiyati, ularning o‘zaro bog‘liqligi hamda inson va jamiyat rivojlanishidagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Muallif tomonidan L.P. Matveev, I.M. Byxovskaya va boshqa olimlarning nazariy qarashlari asosida jismoniy madaniyat va adaptiv jismoniy tarbiya tushunchalarining falsafiy, pedagogik va ijtimoiy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, adaptiv jismoniy madaniyatning sog‘liqni saqlash, ijtimoiy integratsiya va nogironligi bo‘lgan shaxslarning jamiyat hayotiga qo‘shilishini ta’minlashdagi o‘rni ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan.
95-99
26
7
ALISHER NAVOIYNING “HAYRATU-L-ABROR” DOSTONI HIKOYATLARIDA TARIQAT SHAYXLARI OBRAZINING ESTETIK VAZIFASI
Alisher Navoiy “Hayratu-l-abror” dostonida turli xil mavzularda maqolatlar keltirar ekan ushbu maqolatlarning davomida ularga o‘rnak-misol tariqasida mavzu asosida hikoyatlar keltirib o‘tadi. Aynan shu hikoyatlarda esa asosiy obraz sifatida, asosan, tasavvuf shayxlari va din peshvolari tanlanadi. Hikoyatlarda keltirilgan obrazlarni shartli ravishda to‘rt toifaga bo‘lgan edik. Ayni damda mazkur faslda biz birinchi tur toifa obrazlari haqida mushohada yuritamiz. Shuni ham alohida ta’kidlab o‘tish joizki, “Navoiyning “Xamsa” dostonida jami o‘n ikkita tarixiy so‘fiylar keltirilgan bo‘lsa, ularning barchasi “Hayratu-l-abror” asarida mujassalashgan. Shu vaqtga qadar amalga oshirilgan tadqiqotlarni o ‘rganib tarixiy so‘fiylar timsolini quyidagicha tasniflash mumkin:
100-101
22
5
БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ РИВОЖЛАНИШИДА ИНСОН ҲУҚУҚЛАРИ ҲИМОЯСИНИНГ ҲУҚУҚИЙ АСОСЛАРИ
Тирик инсонлардан орган ва тўқималарни кўчириш, инсон генларини ўзгартириш, клонлаш каби тушунчалар ишлатиш оддий ҳол бўлган биотехнологиялар даври кириб келди.
102-103
21
6
ДАВЛАТ МАКТАБГАЧА ТАЪЛИМ ТАШКИЛОТЛАРИДА ДАВЛАТ ХАРИДЛАРИНИ АМАЛГА ОШИРИШДА КОРРУПЦИЯНИ ОЛДИНИ ОЛИШ
Давлат мактабгача таълим ташкилотларига етарли малакага эга бўлмаган кадрларни ишга қабул қилиш, ташкилот томонидан амалга оширилаётган давлат харидларининг олдиндан келишиб олиниши, сифатсиз қурилиш объектлари — мактабгача таълим тизимида коррупциявий ҳолатлар барҳам топмаганлигидан дарак беради.
104-108
44
30
TANQIDIY TAFAKKURNI PROVOKATSION PEDAGOGIKANING STRATEGIYALARI ORQALI RIVOJLANTIRISH
ushbu maqolada bo'lajak o'qituvchilarda tanqdiy tafakkur ko'nikmasini provokatsion pedagogika va uning samarali strategiyalari vositasida rivojlantirish haqida so'z boradi.
109-113
80
8
FUQAROLIK JAMIYATINING MA’NAVIY HAYOTIDA HUQUQIY TARBIYANING O‘RNI
Ushbu maqolada fuqarolik jamiyatining shakllanishi va rivojlanishida
huquqiy tarbiya hamda ma’naviy qadriyatlarning tutgan o‘rni yoritib berilgan. Prezidentimiz Sh. Mirziyoyev, birinchi prezident I.A. Karimov, ma’rifatparvar Abdulla Avloniy kabi mutafakkirlarning fikrlari orqali fuqarolik jamiyatining nazariy va amaliy asoslari tahlil qilingan. Huquqiy ong va madaniyatni shakllantirishda huquqiy tarbiyaning ahamiyati, ayniqsa ta’lim tizimidagi o‘rni haqida taklif va yechimlar bildirilgan. Shuningdek, Sh. Xudoyberganov va Q. Islomovlarning ilmiy qarashlariga tayanib, huquqiy tarbiyaning metodik va nazariy jihatlari izohlangan. Maqola yakunida huquqiy va ma’naviy tarbiya orqali kuchli fuqarolik jamiyatini shakllantirish zarurligi asoslab berilgan.
huquqiy tarbiya hamda ma’naviy qadriyatlarning tutgan o‘rni yoritib berilgan. Prezidentimiz Sh. Mirziyoyev, birinchi prezident I.A. Karimov, ma’rifatparvar Abdulla Avloniy kabi mutafakkirlarning fikrlari orqali fuqarolik jamiyatining nazariy va amaliy asoslari tahlil qilingan. Huquqiy ong va madaniyatni shakllantirishda huquqiy tarbiyaning ahamiyati, ayniqsa ta’lim tizimidagi o‘rni haqida taklif va yechimlar bildirilgan. Shuningdek, Sh. Xudoyberganov va Q. Islomovlarning ilmiy qarashlariga tayanib, huquqiy tarbiyaning metodik va nazariy jihatlari izohlangan. Maqola yakunida huquqiy va ma’naviy tarbiya orqali kuchli fuqarolik jamiyatini shakllantirish zarurligi asoslab berilgan.
288-291
39
17
AVTOMATLASHTIRILGAN YONG`IN VA QO`RIQLASH TIZIMLARIDA SUN`IY INTELLEKT ASOSIDA XAVF SIGNALINI TANIB OLISH VA TEZKOR BOSHQARUV MEXANIZMLARINI ISHLAB CHIQISH
Ushbu maqola avtomatlashtirilgan yongʻin va qoʻriqlash tizimlarida sunʼiy intellekt (SI) texnologiyalarining qoʻllanilishi orqali xavf signalini aniqlash hamda ularga tezkor va samarali javob berish imkoniyatlarini oʻrganadi.
Maqolada xavfsizlik tizimlarida turli sensorlardan olingan maʼlumotlarni SI yordamida tahlil qilish usullari, shu jumladan neyron tarmoqlar va mashinani oʻrganish algoritmlari asosida signalni aniqlash va tasniflash jarayonlari tasvirlangan. Shuningdek, xavf signalini tanib olishdan keyingi avtomatik boshqaruv mexanizmlari — favqulodda ogohlantirish tizimlari, yongʻin oʻchirish qurilmalari va monitoring vositalarining ishga tushirilishi batafsil yoritilgan.
Maqola SI asosidagi tizimlarning tez va ishonchli javob berishi, inson omilini kamaytirishi, xavfsizlik tizimlarining samaradorligini oshirishi, shuningdek, IoT va bulut texnologiyalari bilan integratsiya qilish imkoniyatlarini ham qamrab oladi. Natijada, sunʼiy intellekt yordamida avtomatlashtirilgan xavfsizlik tizimlarining yangi darajadagi samaradorligi va ishonchliligi taʼkidlangan.
Maqolada xavfsizlik tizimlarida turli sensorlardan olingan maʼlumotlarni SI yordamida tahlil qilish usullari, shu jumladan neyron tarmoqlar va mashinani oʻrganish algoritmlari asosida signalni aniqlash va tasniflash jarayonlari tasvirlangan. Shuningdek, xavf signalini tanib olishdan keyingi avtomatik boshqaruv mexanizmlari — favqulodda ogohlantirish tizimlari, yongʻin oʻchirish qurilmalari va monitoring vositalarining ishga tushirilishi batafsil yoritilgan.
Maqola SI asosidagi tizimlarning tez va ishonchli javob berishi, inson omilini kamaytirishi, xavfsizlik tizimlarining samaradorligini oshirishi, shuningdek, IoT va bulut texnologiyalari bilan integratsiya qilish imkoniyatlarini ham qamrab oladi. Natijada, sunʼiy intellekt yordamida avtomatlashtirilgan xavfsizlik tizimlarining yangi darajadagi samaradorligi va ishonchliligi taʼkidlangan.
292-300
67
34
SPLAYN USULLARI ASOSIDA TIBBIY TASVIRLARGA RAQAMLI ISHLOV BERISH
Zamonaviy tibbiyotda raqamli tasvirlarni qayta ishlash texnologiyalari inson salomatligini baholash, kasalliklarni erta aniqlash va ularni davolash samaradorligini oshirishda muhim o‘rin tutadi. Xususan, magnit-rezonans tomografiya (MRT), kompyuter tomografiyasi (KT) va ultratovushli tekshiruvlar orqali olingan tibbiy tasvirlarda aniqlik darajasi tashxisning to‘g‘riligini belgilovchi asosiy omillardan biridir. Biroq amaliy jarayonlarda olingan tibbiy tasvirlar turli shovqinlar, yorug‘lik o‘zgarishi, kontrastning yetarli emasligi yoki aniqlikning pasayishi kabi omillar ta’sirida sifat jihatidan buziladi. Natijada tasvirni tahlil qilish jarayonida xatoliklar paydo bo‘ladi va bu esa bemor holatini baholashda noaniqlik keltirib chiqaradi. Shu sababli tibbiy tasvirlarni raqamli qayta ishlash, ularning sifatini yaxshilash, shovqinlarni kamaytirish, yo‘qolgan ma’lumotlarni tiklash hamda diagnostika uchun aniqroq model yaratish hozirgi kunda dolzarb ilmiy masalalardan biri hisoblanadi. Mavjud klassik interpolyatsion va filtratsion usullar tibbiy tasvirlarni tiklashda ma’lum darajada samaradorlik ko‘rsatsa-da, ularning hisoblash murakkabligi, silliqlik va aniqlik darajasi bilan bog‘liq cheklovlari mavjud.
301-306
36
14
THE IMPORTANCE OF FAYZULLA KHOJAYEV'S SCIENTIFIC LEGACY AND HOUSE-MUSEUM IN EDUCATING YOUNG HISTORIANS
The article analyzes the scientific legacy and political activity of Fayzulla Khojaev, a prominent figure in the history of early 20th-century Uzbekistan. His works, including From the Memories of a Bukharan and From the History of the Revolution in Bukhara, are examined as key sources for educating young historians. Special attention is given to the Fayzulla Khojaev House-Museum, part of the Bukhara State Museum-Reserve, highlighting its scientific and spiritual significance. Using historiographical, source studies, and museology approaches, the study demonstrates the role of Khojaev’s heritage in fostering critical thinking, respect for national values, and patriotism among young historians.
307-310
30
13
MUSEUM - A LIVING BRIDGE BETWEEN THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
This article highlights the museums established in Uzbekistan during the years of independence, their role and significance in the life of society. The incomparable role of museums in the historical memory of the people, the development of science and culture is emphasized. In particular, the importance of historical, memorial and art museums opened in Bukhara and other regions in the spiritual education of the younger generation is shown. The issues of preservation, restoration of architectural monuments and strengthening the legal framework are also scientifically analyzed.
311-315
39
28
MODERN DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
This article covers the theoretical foundations of adaptive physical education, itspurpose, social significance, and modern development trends. Adaptive physical education is analyzed as an important factor in improving the quality of life of people with disabilities, their adaptation to society, and the formation of a healthy lifestyle. The article also examines the reforms being implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of adaptive physical education, international experience, and emerging problems in this area.
316-318
43
47
USING MAPS IN GEOGRAPHY LESSONS
This article analyzes the importance of using maps in geography lessons, their role in deepening students' knowledge, and their place in increasing the effectiveness of the lesson on a scientific and methodological basis. It is proved that through visual interpretation of topics using maps, it is possible to form spatial thinking in students and develop analytical thinking skills.
319-322
108
18
O’ZBEK TILSHUNOSLIGIDA SINONIMLARNING IFODA SEMASIGA KO’RA FARQLANISHI
Nutqda eng keng tarqalgan hodisalardan biri-sinonimiya. Sinonimlar –ma’nodosh so’zlar- shakli har xil, ammo ma’nosi bir xil so’zlar bo’lib, har bir tilning nutq boyligi hisoblanadi. Sinonim grekcha so’z bo’lib, bir nomli degan ma’noni anglatadi. Sinonim so’zlar nutqning ravon va ta’sirchan bo’lishiga yordam beradi, so’z boyligimizni oshiradi.
O’zbek tili sinonim so’zlarga juda boy. Fors-tojik va arab tillaridan o’zlashgan so’zlar, rus tili va u orqali kirib kelgan so’zlar bilan o’zbek tilining o’z so’zlari ma’nodoshlik qatorini hosil qiladi.Sinonimlar badiiy nutqda tasviriy vosita sifatida xizmat qiladi.Yozuvchilar sinonimlar vositasida kishilar xarakterini, voqea-hodisalarni, manzaralarni aniq va ravshan, jozibali qilib tasvirlaydilar.15-asrdayoq buyuk mutafakkirimiz Alisher Navoiy o’zining “Muhokamat ul-lug’atayn” asarida “ichmoq” fe’lining oltita, “yig’lamoq fe’lining yettita sinonimini keltirib o’tgan.
O’zbek tili sinonim so’zlarga juda boy. Fors-tojik va arab tillaridan o’zlashgan so’zlar, rus tili va u orqali kirib kelgan so’zlar bilan o’zbek tilining o’z so’zlari ma’nodoshlik qatorini hosil qiladi.Sinonimlar badiiy nutqda tasviriy vosita sifatida xizmat qiladi.Yozuvchilar sinonimlar vositasida kishilar xarakterini, voqea-hodisalarni, manzaralarni aniq va ravshan, jozibali qilib tasvirlaydilar.15-asrdayoq buyuk mutafakkirimiz Alisher Navoiy o’zining “Muhokamat ul-lug’atayn” asarida “ichmoq” fe’lining oltita, “yig’lamoq fe’lining yettita sinonimini keltirib o’tgan.
114-115
110
8
MUSTAQILLIKNING DASTLABKI YILLARIDA CHORVACHILIK SOHASIDAGI ASOSIY MUAMMOLARGA E’TIBOR MASALASI
1990-yillar boshida O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyoti keskin o‘tish davrini boshdan kechirdi. SSSR parchalanishi bilan birga xo‘jalik aloqalari uzildi, yoqilg‘i, ozuqa, texnika va ehtiyot qismlar yetkazib berish tizimi izdan chiqdi. Qishloq xo‘jaligida, xususan chorvachilikda ishlab chiqarish hajmi kamaydi, hayvonlar soni qisqardi, ozuqa yetishmovchiligi kuchaydi. 1991–1995-yillarda respublika miqyosida qoramol, qo‘y, echki va parrandalar bosh soni kamayib ketgan. Ko‘plab kolxoz va sovxozlar o‘zini o‘zi ta’minlay olmay qoldi. Shu sababli hukumat tarmoqni saqlab qolish va bozor iqtisodiyoti tamoyillariga o‘tkazish yo‘lida keskin chora-tadbirlar ko‘rishga majbur bo‘ldi.
140-141
40
8
LEYSHMANIYALAR METABOLIZMIDAGI PENTOZA-FOSFAT YO‘LINING ROLI
Maqolada leyshmaniyalar metabolizmida pentoza-fosfat yo‘lining (PFY) roli va uning hujayra himoyasidagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. PFY orqali hosil bo‘ladigan NADPH parazitlarning oksidlovchi stressga chidamliligini oshiradi.
142-144
27
5
QANDLI DIABET BILAN BOG‘LIQ YOSH BEMORLAR SONINING ORTISHI: SABABLAR VA TAHLIL
So‘nggi yillarda qandli diabet (diabetes mellitus) kasalligi nafaqat kattalar, balki o‘smirlar va yoshlar orasida ham jadal sur’atlar bilan ko‘paymoqda. Mazkur maqolada yosh avlod orasida qandli diabetning kengayib borishiga sabab bo‘layotgan ijtimoiy, psixologik va biologik omillar tahlil etilgan. Shuningdek, sog‘lom turmush tarzini yo‘lga qo‘yish orqali mazkur kasallikni oldini olishning samarali yo‘llari ilmiy asosda yoritilgan.
145-147
24
7
1500 METRGA YUGURUVCHILARNING TEXNIK TAYYORGARLIGI
Ushbu maqolada yengil atletikaning oʻrta masofasi 1500 metrga yugurish texnik tayyorgarligiga bagʻishlangan. Ushbu sport turining ahamiyati koʻrib chiqiladi, yengil atletikaning turli vositalarining umuman tananing funktsional tizimlariga taʼsiri haqida maʻlumotlar keltirilgan.
148-149
59
8
QADIMGI VA ILK O‘RTA ASRLARDA TURONDA CHORVACHILIKNING RIVOJLANISHI
Miloddan avvalgi neolit va eneolit davrlarida Turon aholisi ovchilikdan chorvachilikka o‘tish bosqichini bosib o‘tdi. Bu davrda qo‘y, echki, keyinchalik esa qoramol va otlar uy hayvoniga aylantirildi. Ayniqsa Sopollitepa (Surxondaryo) va Kaltaminor madaniyati yodgorliklarida topilgan dalillar Turon aholisi hayvonlarni boqish, ko‘paytirish va yaylov almashish tizimini bilganini ko‘rsatadi. Chorvachilikning rivoji natijasida yaylov xo‘jaligi, sut mahsulotlarini tayyorlash, teri va junni qayta ishlash kabi sohalar vujudga keldi. Otni egar bilan minish va arava haydashning paydo bo‘lishi esa ishlab chiqarish samaradorligini oshirdi va transport tizimini rivojlantirdi.
150-153
35
13
FUQAROLIK JAMIYATINI MUSTAHKAM QURISHDA TA’LIM VA TARBIYANING O‘RNI
Mazkur tezisda ta’lim va tarbiyaning fuqarolik jamiyatini shakllantirishdagi o‘rni, ularning o‘zaro uzviy bog‘liqligi va ijtimoiy ahamiyati yoritilgan. Muallif ta’lim tizimi fuqarolarning bilimli, tafakkurli, vatanparvar va huquqiy ongli bo‘lib kamol topishiga xizmat qilishini, tarbiya esa insonning ma’naviy-axloqiy fazilatlarini shakllantirishini asoslab beradi. Tezisda O‘zbekiston Respublikasida amalga oshirilayotgan “Yangi O‘zbekiston – ma’rifatli jamiyat”, “Inson qadri uchun” kabi g‘oyalar, shuningdek “Ta’lim to‘g‘risida” va “Yoshlar siyosati to‘g‘risida”gi qonunlar orqali yoshlarni fuqarolik ongli, mas’uliyatli va faol shaxslar sifatida tarbiyalash jarayoni tahlil qilingan. Muallif fikricha, ta’lim va tarbiya uyg‘unligi natijasidagina huquqiy ong, fuqarolik faolligi, ijtimoiy mas’uliyat va adolatparvarlik jamiyat hayotida mustahkam qaror topadi.
216-221
48
9
A STUDY OF ANTHROPONYMIC UNITS IN THE DIVAN OF MUHAMMAD RIZA OGAHI “TA’VIZ UL-ASHIQIN”
The article presents examples of the use of anthroponymic units used in the book “Ta’viz ul-ashiqin” by Mohammad Reza Ogahi, and the poet’s goals for using such names.
Mainly, the linguistic characteristics of the interpretation of religious names (prophets, saints and people mentioned in the Qur’an) are analyzed.
Mainly, the linguistic characteristics of the interpretation of religious names (prophets, saints and people mentioned in the Qur’an) are analyzed.
222-227
34
19
PROMOTING INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE THROUGH BUKHARA MUSEUMS
This article explores the role of Bukhara museums in promoting intercultural dialogue. It analyzes the historical development of museums, their scientific and educational activities, and their significance in international cooperation and tourism. Bukhara museums act as bridges between East and West, preserving national heritage while presenting it globally, fostering tolerance, mutual understanding, and cultural exchange.
228-233
53
9
PROSECUTORIAL AND JUDICIAL IMPUNITY: LEGAL DEFEAT BORN OF LACK OF CONTROL
This article reveals the most dangerous silence in the legal space - the problem of irresponsible power. At a time when the fate of society rests on the shoulders of the prosecutor and the judge, the weakness or complete absence of control over them opens the deepest wound of state justice. This study exposes the fatal discrepancy between formal legality and real justice: the legislator has determined the punishment, but has exempted the judge from responsibility.
234-236
32
8
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING THEM
This article discusses the thermal conductivity properties of materials, methods of their measurement, and modern approaches to controlling heat transfer processes. The thermal conductivity coefficients of natural and synthetic materials are analyzed, and practical ways to use them efficiently from the perspective of energy saving are proposed.
237-241
42
19
EFFECTIVENESS OF GENERATIVE AI WRITING ASSISTANTS ON EFL ACADEMIC WRITING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Generative AI writing assistants are increasingly present in higher education and promise to augment English as a Foreign Language (EFL) academic writing by providing rapid scaffolding across idea generation, organization, language accuracy, and cohesion. This article synthesizes cognitive and sociocognitive theories of writing with emerging evidence on human–AI collaboration to articulate a practice-ready model in which AI acts as a dynamic, feedback-rich partner during prewriting, drafting, revising, and reflecting. A quasi-experimental evaluation blueprint is outlined, emphasizing rubric-anchored ratings, automated discourse indices, process analytics, and learner-reported self-regulation and ethical use.
242-245
35
3
USING DIGITAL RESOURCES AND MULTIMEDIA TOOLS: INTERACTIVE LESSONS FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
This article is devoted to the development of modern teaching methods in teaching English in primary education. The article is intended for primary school teachers and contains theoretical foundations and practical recommendations for the modern and effective organization of English lessons.
246-249
43
9
INKLYUZIV TA'LIMNI TASHKIL ETISHDA XORIJIY YONDASHUVLAR VA ULARNI MOSLASH
Inklyuziv ta'lim zamonaviy pedagogikaning eng muhim yo'nalishlaridan biri bo'lib, barcha bolalar, jumladan, maxsus ta'lim ehtiyojiga ega bo'lgan o'quvchilarning umumta'lim muassasalarida birgalikda ta'lim olishlari imkoniyatini ta'minlaydi
323-326
37
5
IMPROVING PROFESSIONAL CULTURE IN FUTURE TEACHERS
This article is dedicated to professional culture and its components in future teachers.
327-329
31
15
DEVELOPING SPEECH IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN USING INTERACTIVE METHODS
This article explores the role and importance of using interactive methods in the development of speech in preschool children. The effectiveness of modern pedagogical technologies in enriching children's verbal skills, improving pronunciation, and fostering communication abilities is analyzed. The paper also highlights the significance of the educator’s speech culture, play-based learning, and innovative approaches in enhancing children’s speech activity and linguistic competence.
330-333
42
11
BILINGUAL PROMPTING STRATEGIES FOR HIGHER-ORDER THINKING IN EFL WRITING
This article develops a theory-into-practice account of bilingual prompting strategies designed to elicit higher-order thinking—analysis, evaluation, and creation—in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) academic writing. Building on research in translanguaging, cognitive load theory, metacognition, and rhetorical genre studies, it argues that task-embedded prompts that strategically alternate or combine learners’ L1 and English can expand working memory, deepen conceptual access, and stabilize argumentative moves without undermining target-language development. The paper models bilingual prompts as micro-scaffolds that operate at four loci: ideation and problem framing, evidence synthesis and warranting, stance and hedging, and revision-for-transfer.
334-338
41
29
TEACHING ENGLISH ON THE BASIS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION: CLIL METHOD
The article discusses in detail innovative methods such as the communicative approach, game technologies, CLIL method, the use of digital resources and multimedia tools. It also considers issues of interdisciplinary integration, assessment and monitoring. This article serves to improve the quality of English teaching in primary grades, improve the professional skills of teachers and increase students’ interest in learning the language.
339-348
56
36
O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI BANKLARIDA BUXGALTERIYA HISOBINI YURITISH VA BUXGALTERIYA ISHLARINI TASHKIL QILISH USLUBIYOTI (‘XALQ BANKI’ ATB MISOLIDA)
Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasida tijorat banklarida buxgalteriya hisobini yuritish va buxgalteriya ishlarini tashkil etishning uslubiy asoslari keng yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda “Xalq banki” ATB misolida buxgalteriya hisobi jarayonlarini xalqaro moliyaviy hisobot standartlari (IFRS) bilan uyg‘unlashtirish, avtomatlashtirilgan axborot tizimlarini joriy etish va ichki nazorat mexanizmlarini takomillashtirish masalalari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, raqamli texnologiyalar asosida buxgalteriya ishlarini optimallashtirish, xodimlarning malakasini oshirish va moliyaviy axborotlarning shaffofligini ta’minlash bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Olingan natijalar bank tizimida buxgalteriya hisobi sifatini oshirish, risklarni kamaytirish hamda boshqaruv samaradorligini ta’minlashga xizmat qiladi.Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasida tijorat banklarida buxgalteriya hisobini yuritish va buxgalteriya ishlarini tashkil etishning uslubiy asoslari keng yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda “Xalq banki” ATB misolida buxgalteriya hisobi jarayonlarini xalqaro moliyaviy hisobot standartlari (IFRS) bilan uyg‘unlashtirish, avtomatlashtirilgan axborot tizimlarini joriy etish va ichki nazorat mexanizmlarini takomillashtirish masalalari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, raqamli texnologiyalar asosida buxgalteriya ishlarini optimallashtirish, xodimlarning malakasini oshirish va moliyaviy axborotlarning shaffofligini ta’minlash bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Olingan natijalar bank tizimida buxgalteriya hisobi sifatini oshirish, risklarni kamaytirish hamda boshqaruv samaradorligini ta’minlashga xizmat qiladi.
157-159
39
9
ARAB TILINING TARIXI VA ZAMONAVIY AHAMIYATI
Ushbu maqola xorijiy tillarni o'rganishning ahamiyati va arab tilining insoniyat tarakkiyotidagi o'rnini muhokama qiladi. Madaniy va diniy kontekstda arab tilining tarqalishi, uning Qur'on va Islom dinining asosiy tili sifatida qabul qilinishi, shuningdek, arab davlatlarining zamonaviy ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy mavqei tahlil qilinadi. Maqola, shuningdek, arab tilining murakkabligi, uning dialektlari va adabiy til bilan bog'liq muammolarini ko'rib chiqadi.
160-162
39
24
IMPROVING MODERN THERAPY METHODS OF OTITIS MEDIA IN YOUNG CHILDREN
The primary objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of modern therapeutic methods for acute and chronic otitis media in young children, to compare different treatment protocols, and to identify optimal approaches that ensure faster recovery, reduced recurrence, and minimal complications.
163-167
23
19
KORRUPSIYAGA OID MATNLARNI LINGVISTIK EKSPERTIZA QILISHNING O‘RGANILISHI
Ushbu maqolada korrupsiyaga oid matnlarni lingvistik ekspertiza qilish yo‘nalishida amalga oshirilgan ishlar tahlilga tortilib, o‘zbek tilshunosligida bu borada amalga oshirilishi lozim bo‘lgan vazifalar belgilab olingan.
168-169
61
13
ZANJABIL (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) O‘SIMLIGINING DORIVOR VA BIOLOGIK AHAMIYATI
Ushbu maqolada Zingiber officinale Roscoe (zanjabil) o‘simligining dorivor, biologik, biokimyoviy va farmakologik xususiyatlari keng yoritilgan. Zanjabil qadimdan xalq tabobatida ovqat hazm qilishni yaxshilovchi, shamollashga qarshi va immunitetni mustahkamlovchi vosita sifatida ishlatiladi. Maqolada o‘simlikning kimyoviy tarkibi, biologik faolligi, farmakologik ta’siri va zamonaviy tibbiyotda qo‘llanilish sohalari ilmiy asosda tahlil qilingan.
170-173
56
8
СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫМ КОНТЕНТОМ В ВОЕННОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ
Статья рассматривает возможности адаптации военного образования к вызовам XXI века через внедрение современных образовательных технологий, таких как геймификация, массированный открытый онлайн-курс (МООК) и смешанное обучение для курсантов 1–4 курсов. Подчеркивается, что инновации должны учитывать уровень подготовки, мотивацию и возрастные особенности студентов. Особое внимание уделено внедрению системы управления образовательным контентом (СУОК), обеспечивающей создание, хранение и доставку учебных материалов в цифровом формате. В статье анализируются ключевые функции СУОК, а также тенденции её развития, включая использование искусственного интеллекта, адаптивного обучения, виртуальной и дополненной реальности и микрообучения. Рассматривается также роль видеоконтента в образовательной среде как важной части мультимедийных ресурсов.
174-178
46
6
ESHITUV ANALIZATORLARIGA SHOVQINNING SALBIY TA’SIRINI O’RGANISH
Eshituv analizatorlariga shovqinning ta’siri fiziologik va tibbiy jihatdan o‘rganish juda muhim hisoblanadi. Shovqin ichki quloqdagi sezgi hujayralari va nerv tolalarining shikastlanishiga olib kelib, eshituv qobiliyatining pasayishiga sabab bo‘ladi. Yuqori darajadagi shovqin o‘tkir eshituv yo‘qotilishiga, doimiy past darajadagi shovqin esa surunkali eshituv buzilishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Shovqin nafaqat eshituv tizimiga, balki insonning psixologik holatiga ham salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi, stress va diqqatni jamlashdagi muammolarni yuzaga keltiradi. Shovqindan himoya qilish choralarining, tibbiy profilaktika va audiologik reabilitatsiyaning ahamiyati ta’kidlanadi. Sog‘lom eshituvni saqlash uchun shovqin darajasini nazorat qilish va vaqtida tibbiy yordam olish zarur hisoblanadi.
349-352
26
6
"LEARNING BY DOING" AS AN EFFECTIVE METHOD IN MOTHER TONGUE TEACHING: EVIDENCE FROM UZBEK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE CONTEXTS
This article examines the effectiveness of the "Learning by Doing" approach in mother tongue instruction, focusing on Uzbek and English language contexts. The findings suggest that "Learning by Doing" approaches are particularly valuable in developing critical thinking, creative expression, and authentic language use in both Uzbek and English native speaker contexts.
353-359
167
26
THE 2023 CONSTITUTION OF UZBEKISTAN: A NEW ERA OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND YOUTH PARTICIPATION
The adoption of the 2023 Constitution marked a new stage in Uzbekistan’s democratic renewal. The updated text not only modernised state institutions but also placed human dignity, equality, and youth participation at the centre of national development. This article examines how the 2023 Constitution strengthens the protection of human rights and expands opportunities for youth involvement in governance. It analyses new constitutional norms on social justice, education, and civil engagement, linking them with international democratic standards. The study argues that the reform reflects Uzbekistan’s transition toward a citizen-oriented state and the growing recognition of youth as active partners in shaping public policy.
360-363
53
16
MUSOXON DAHBEDIYNING NAQSHBANDIYA-MUJADDIDIYA TARIQATI RIVOJIDAGI O’RNI
XVIII-XIX asrlarda naqshbandiya-mujaddidiya tariqati islom olamining ko‘pgina sohalarida o‘zining gullagan davrini boshdan kechirdi. Mang‘itlar davrida Dahbed va uning atrofida Maxdumi A’zam avlodiga mansub xojalar va mashhur valiy zotlar yashab o‘tgan bo‘lib, Dahbed kichik mavze’ligiga qaramay Naqshbandiya sulukining markazi bo‘lgan.
250-252
63
8
XALQARO ARBITRAJ VA TRANSMILLIY NIZOLARNI HAL ETISHDA ADVOKATNING O‘RNI
Mazkur maqolada xalqaro arbitraj tizimi va transmilliy nizolarni hal etish jarayonida advokatlarning o‘rni va ularning vakillik faoliyatining ahamiyati tahlil qilingan.
Arbitrajning xalqaro huquqdagi o‘rni, advokatlarning professional mas’uliyati, shuningdek, O‘zbekiston Respublikasining xalqaro arbitraj tizimiga integratsiyalashuvi jarayoni yoritilgan. Maqolada O‘zbekiston qonunchiligidagi so‘nggi o‘zgarishlar hamda xalqaro tajriba asosida advokatlarning amaliy roli ochib berilgan.
Arbitrajning xalqaro huquqdagi o‘rni, advokatlarning professional mas’uliyati, shuningdek, O‘zbekiston Respublikasining xalqaro arbitraj tizimiga integratsiyalashuvi jarayoni yoritilgan. Maqolada O‘zbekiston qonunchiligidagi so‘nggi o‘zgarishlar hamda xalqaro tajriba asosida advokatlarning amaliy roli ochib berilgan.
253-256
35
8
ҚАДИМГИ КАМОН ЎҚЛАРИ ТАРИХИ ВА ТАЪРИФИ
Мақолада камон ўқлари тарихи, уларнинг турлари, ясалган хом-ашёси, хусусан Сурхон воҳаси ҳудудидан топилган камон ўқлари тарихига бағишланган.
257-261
57
10
FUQAROLIK JAMIYATIDA HUQUQIY TARBIYANING O‘RNI
Ushbu maqolada fuqarolik jamiyatining mazmuni, uning shakllanishi va rivojlanish jarayoni, huquqiy ong va madaniyatning ahamiyati, ta’lim tizimidagi roli hamda xorijiy, xususan Buyuk Britaniya tajribasi misolida yoritilgan. Shuningdek, zamonaviy texnologiyalardan foydalanib fuqarolik ongini oshirish taklif etiladi O‘zbekistonda.
262-265
31
21
ILM-FAN VA DIN SOHASIDA ARAB TILINING ILMIY TERMINOLOGIK ROLI
Mazkur maqolada arab tilining ilm-fan va din sohalaridagi terminologik ahamiyati, tarixiy shakllanish jarayoni hamda zamonaviy ilmiy nutqdagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi.
Arab tili ming yillar davomida nafaqat diniy bilimlarning, balki falsafa, tibbiyot, matematika, astronomiya va boshqa tabiiy fanlarning asosiy ilmiy ifoda vositasi bo‘lib kelgan.
Maqolada arab terminologiyasining jahon ilmiy tafakkuriga ta’siri, uning o‘zbek va boshqa tillardagi ilmiy so‘z boyligiga qo‘shgan hissasi yoritilgan. Shuningdek, arab tili bugungi kunda ham ilmiy an’ana va diniy merosni birlashtiruvchi universal ilmiy til sifatida tahlil etiladi.
Arab tili ming yillar davomida nafaqat diniy bilimlarning, balki falsafa, tibbiyot, matematika, astronomiya va boshqa tabiiy fanlarning asosiy ilmiy ifoda vositasi bo‘lib kelgan.
Maqolada arab terminologiyasining jahon ilmiy tafakkuriga ta’siri, uning o‘zbek va boshqa tillardagi ilmiy so‘z boyligiga qo‘shgan hissasi yoritilgan. Shuningdek, arab tili bugungi kunda ham ilmiy an’ana va diniy merosni birlashtiruvchi universal ilmiy til sifatida tahlil etiladi.
266-269
54
18
TARIXIY-MA’NAVIY QADRIYATLARNI O‘RGANISHDA MUZEYLARNING AHAMIYATI
Maqolada asosan Vatanimiz hududida paydo bo‘lgan ilk muzeylar hamda ularning vazifalari, muzey ashyolarini kelgusi avlodlarga yetkazish borasida amalga oshirilayotgan ishlarning ahamiyati, Mamlakatimizda istiqlol yillarida muzey ishlarini rivojlantirishga bo‘layotgan e’tibor, muzeylarning faoliyat turiga qarab turlarga bo‘linishi, Surxondaryo O‘lkashunoslik muzeyining tashkil etilishi tarixi va faoliyati haqida ilmiy tahlillar yuritilgan.
270-273
56
6
ABU RAYHON BERUNIY – O‘RTA ASR SHARQINING BUYUK OLIMI
Ushbu maqolada buyuk alloma Abu Rayhon Beruniyning hayoti, ilmiy faoliyati, asarlari, ilmiy-metodologik qarashlari hamda uning bugungi kunda O‘zbekiston ilm-fani rivojidagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada Beruniy ilmiy merosining qadri, uning tabiiy fanlar, matematika, astronomiya va falsafadagi yondashuvlari ilmiy-nazariy asosda yoritilgan.
116-119
32
21
ARAB TILINI O‘SMIR YOSHLARGA O‘QITISHDAGI ZAMONAVIY METODLAR
Ushbu maqola arab tilining o‘smir yoshlarga o‘rgatilishi va uning ahamiyatini yoritadi. Arab tili, Islom olamidagi asosiy manba va madaniy meros sifatida, o‘smirlar uchun muhim bilim manbai hisoblanadi. Maqola chet tillarni o‘qitish metodologiyasini, jumladan, grammatikadan tortib kommunikativ yondashuvlargacha bo‘lgan turli metodlarni tahlil qiladi. O‘quvchilarning psixologik xususiyatlari inobatga olinib, interaktiv darslar, o‘yinlar va multimedia vositalaridan foydalanish natijasida samaradorlikni oshirish taklif etiladi. O‘quv jarayonida o‘yin metodlari va madaniy integratsiya orqali o‘smirlar nafaqat arab tilini o‘rganish, balki arab va o‘zbek xalqlarining madaniy yaqinligini his qilishlari mumkin.
120-123
36
11
MODERN TREATMENT METHODS OF ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA IN CHILDREN
The main objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of modern therapeutic methods, including antibiotic stewardship, topical therapy, and minimally invasive surgical techniques, in the treatment of acute otitis media in children, as well as to assess outcomes compared with conventional management strategies.
124-126
34
5
ARAB TILINING O‘RGANILISHI ORQALI MADANIYATLARARO MULOQOTNI RIVOJLANTIRISH
Mazkur maqolada arab tilini o‘rganish jarayonining madaniyatlararo muloqotdagi ahamiyati, tilning xalqlar o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro tushunish, hamkorlik va madaniy yaqinlikni mustahkamlashdagi roli tahlil qilinadi. Arab tili bugungi globallashuv davrida nafaqat aloqa vositasi, balki turli sivilizatsiyalarni bog‘lovchi madaniy ko‘prik sifatida ko‘rilmoqda. Maqolada arab tilini o‘rganish orqali yoshlarning dunyoqarashi kengayishi, ularning madaniyatlararo bag‘rikenglik, o‘zaro hurmat va hamkorlik madaniyatini rivojlantirish imkoniyatlari yoritilgan.
127-131
60
9
ENDOKRIN BEZLARNING GISTOLOGIK TUZULISHI VA GORMONAL FAOLIYATI
Endokrin bezlarning gistologik tuzulishi va gormonal faoliyati haqida maqola, bu bezlarning to‘qimalar tarkibi, hujayra turlari hamda ularning gormon ishlab chiqarish mexanizmlarini yoritadi. Mazkur bezlar organizmning ichki muhitini boshqarishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Maqolada adenohipofiz, gipofiz, qalqonsimon bez, buyrak usti bezlari kabi asosiy endokrin bezlarning gistologik xususiyatlari, ularning sekretor faoliyati va gormonlar orqali organizm funksiyalarini tartibga solish jarayonlari batafsil tushuntiriladi. Shuningdek, gormonlarning fiziologik ta’siri va ularning muvozanatini saqlashdagi ahamiyati ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi.
608-612
139
20
KO’KALAMZORLASHTIRISHDA FOYDALANILADIGAN AYRIM MANZARALI LIANALARNING AHAMIYATI VA ISTIQBOLLARI
Ko’kalamzorlashtirishning aholi yashash joylarida vertikal ko’kalamzorlashtirish usulida foydalaniladigan o’simliklar biologiyasini o’rganish. Vertikal ko’kalamzorlashtirishda foydalaniladigan o’simliklarning inson va atrof muhitga ta’siri mexanizmi o’rganiladi.
274-278
80
10
EKOLOGIK MUHIT VA IRSIY KASALLIKLAR O’RTASIDAGI BOG’LIQLIK
Ekologik muhit omillari, jumladan ifloslanish va zararli kimyoviy moddalarning inson genetik materialiga ta’siri irsiy kasalliklar yuzaga kelish xavfini oshiradi.
Atrof-muhit sharoitlari va genetik moyillik kasalliklarning rivojlanishida birgalikda muhim rol o’ynaydi. Profilaktik choralar orqali ekologik xavfsizlikni ta’minlash va irsiy kasalliklarning oldini olish mumkin. Tadqiqotlar sog’lom avlodni shakllantirishda ekologik omillarning ahamiyatini ko’rsatadi.
Atrof-muhit sharoitlari va genetik moyillik kasalliklarning rivojlanishida birgalikda muhim rol o’ynaydi. Profilaktik choralar orqali ekologik xavfsizlikni ta’minlash va irsiy kasalliklarning oldini olish mumkin. Tadqiqotlar sog’lom avlodni shakllantirishda ekologik omillarning ahamiyatini ko’rsatadi.
279-284
43
17
O'Z O'ZIGA QO'SHMA QISMIY INTEGRAL OPERATORLAR CHEKSIZ XOS QIYMATLARINING SPEKTRAL TAHLILI
Ushbu maqola o'z o'ziga qo'shma qismiy integral operatorlarning cheksiz xos qiymatlari spektral xususiyatlarini chuqur matematik tahlil qilishga bag'ishlangan.
Funksional tahlil va operator nazariyasining muhim yo'nalishi sifatida, qismiy integral operatorlar nazariyasi matematik fizika, kvant mexanikasi va integral tenglamalar nazariyasida keng qo'llaniladi. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, qismiy integral operatorlarning xos qiymatlari ma'lum asimptotik qonuniyatlarga bo'ysunadi va ularning spektral xususiyatlari operator yadrosi va aniqlanish sohasining geometrik xususiyatlari bilan chambarchas bog'liqdir.
Funksional tahlil va operator nazariyasining muhim yo'nalishi sifatida, qismiy integral operatorlar nazariyasi matematik fizika, kvant mexanikasi va integral tenglamalar nazariyasida keng qo'llaniladi. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, qismiy integral operatorlarning xos qiymatlari ma'lum asimptotik qonuniyatlarga bo'ysunadi va ularning spektral xususiyatlari operator yadrosi va aniqlanish sohasining geometrik xususiyatlari bilan chambarchas bog'liqdir.
285-290
141
17
BOSHLANGʻICH SINFLARIDA FE’L SOʻZ TURKUMINING NAZARIY ASOSLARI
Mazkur maqolada 1-4 sinf ona tili darslarida fe’l mavzusining o‘rgatilishi, nazariyasi va e’tiborli juhatlari, asosan bu sinflarda fe’lning qaysi jihatlariga e’tibor qaratilishi masalalari tahlil etilgan bo‘lib, ona tili darslarida o‘quvchilarning og‘zaki va yozma nutqini rivojlantirishdagi samarasi va fe’l mavzusini o‘rganish yakunida o‘quvchilar egallashi mumkin bo‘lgan bilim, ko‘nikma va malakalar darajasi ham berilgan.
291-297
89
27
MULTIMEDIA VOSITALARI ASOSIDA BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O‘QUVCHILARI NUTQINI O‘STIRISH PEDAGOGIK MUAMMO SIFATIDA
Ushbu maqolada multimedia vositalarining boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining nutqini o‘stirishdagi roli va ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqiladi. Multimedia vositalari, jumladan, audio, video va interaktiv materiallar orqali ta’lim jarayonida qiziqish va motivatsiyani oshirish, o‘zlashtirishni yengillashtirish va o‘quvchilarning nutq ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish imkoniyatlari tahlil etiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada multimedia vositalaridan foydalanish jarayonida yuzaga keladigan pedagogik muammolar, masalan, texnologik qiyinchiliklar, resurslarning yetishmasligi va o‘quvchilarning individual farqlari haqida fikrlar bildiriladi. Ushbu tadqiqot natijalari ta’lim jarayonida multimedia vositalaridan samarali foydalanish bo‘yicha tavsiyalarni ishlab chiqishga yordam beradi.
298-303
42
9
YADRO REAKSIYALARIDA KVANT VAQT O‘LCHOVLARINING REAKSIYA KINETIKASIGA TA’SIRINI TADQIQ ETISH
Ushbu ishda yadro reaksiyalari kinetikasiga kvant vaqt o‘lchovlarining (o‘lchashning kuchi/tebratish chastotasi, detektorlar dead-time va gating parametrlari) ta’siri operatsion (POVM) va dinamik (Zeno/anti-Zeno) nuqtai nazardan o‘rganiladi. Teoretik jihatdan compound nucleus (Hauser–Feshbach), R-matritsa va Feshbach proyeksiya operator rasmida reaksiya tezliklari bilan survival ehtimoli o‘rtasidagi bog‘lanish chiqarilib, qisqa vaqt rejimida nostandart (no-ekspotsial) parchalanish va takroriy kuzatuv tufayli Zeno yoki anti-Zeno effektlarining paydo bo‘lish shartlari aniqlanadi. Eksperimental dizayn sifatida impulsli neytron nuri, tez taymlash (LaBr3:Ce) detektorlari va raqamli akvizitsiya asosida o‘lchash kuchini gating va trigging bilan boshqarish taklif etiladi. Natijalar reaksiya tezligining o‘lchov intervali bilan chiziqli-bo‘lmagan bog‘lanishini, shuningdek, detektor-induktsiyalangan bo‘rttirish/so‘ndirish mexanizmlarini ko‘rsatadi (2-rasm, 3-rasm). Ish yadro kinetikasida vaqt o‘lchovi parametrlari muhim boshqaruv tutqichi bo‘lishi mumkinligini namoyon etadi.
304-306
38
7
BOSHLANG‘ICH TA’LIMDA SUN’IY INTELLEKT TEXNOLOGIYALARIDAN FOYDALANISHNING AFZALLIKLARI
Mazkur maqolada boshlang‘ich ta’lim jarayonida sun’iy intellekt (SI) texnologiyalaridan foydalanishning ahamiyati, afzalliklari hamda xorijiy tajribalar tahlil qilinadi. Sun’iy intellekt yordamida o‘quvchilarning individual o‘quv trayektoriyasini yaratish, o‘quv jarayonini optimallashtirish, shuningdek, o‘qituvchining metodik faoliyatini yengillashtirish imkoniyatlari ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan.
307-308
71
10
MADANIYAT VA SHAXSNING O’ZARO MUNOSABATLARI
Ushbu maqolada madaniyat va shaxs tushunchalari o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro munosabatlar tahlil qilinadi. Shaxsning shakllanishida madaniyatning o‘rni, xususan oila, ta’lim, diniy va milliy qadriyatlar, ommaviy axborot vositalarining ta’siri ochib beriladi.
Shuningdek, madaniyatning shaxsni shakllantirishdagi roli bilan bir qatorda, shaxsning madaniyatni boyitishdagi ahamiyati ham ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi. Maqolada tarixiy va zamonaviy misollar orqali shaxs va madaniyat o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro bog‘liqlik asoslanadi.
Shuningdek, madaniyatning shaxsni shakllantirishdagi roli bilan bir qatorda, shaxsning madaniyatni boyitishdagi ahamiyati ham ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi. Maqolada tarixiy va zamonaviy misollar orqali shaxs va madaniyat o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro bog‘liqlik asoslanadi.
132-134
69
18
QARAQALPAQ XALIQ QOSIQLARINIŃ TÚRLERI HÁM TERME TOLǴAWLAR
Bul maqalada Qaraqalpaq xalıq qosıqlarınıń túrleri hám terme tolǵawlar haqqında sóz etilgen.
135-138
34
14
SHAHAR MARKAZIDAGI TURAR-JOY BINOLARIDA SEYSMIK IZOLYATSIYA TIZIMLARINING SAMARADORLIGI
Seysmik izolyatsiya tizimlari binoning asosini erning siljishi bilan bevosita bog‘lamasdan, energiyani so‘ndiruvchi elementlar orqali deformatsiyalarni kamaytiradi. Bu texnologiya binolarni zilzilalardan himoya qilishning eng samarali usullaridan biri bo‘lib, struktura kuchlanishlarini pasaytiradi va qurilish materiallarining xizmat muddatini uzaytiradi. Zamonaviy tizimlar elastomer qatlamlar, laminat qatlami va kompozit materiallar asosida ishlaydi, har biri turli tipdagi binolar va seysmik xavf zonalariga mos keladi [2].
139-141
24
8
«YUSUP-ZILIYXA» DÁSTANI TILINIŃ LEKSIKA-SEMANTIKALIQ ÓZGESHELIKLERI
Bul maqalada «Yusup-Ziliyxa» dástanı tiliniń leksika-semantikalıq ózgeshelikleri haqqında sóz etilgen.
142-147
100
20
THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF IMAM GHAZALI AND ITS SPIRITUAL BASIS
In this article, the contents of the works of Muhammad Abu Hamid Ghazali, one of the great sages of the Eastern Renaissance, the possessor of religious and worldly knowledge, who served the development of the science of kalam, tafsir, and hadith, and the classification of his scientific heritage, his contribution to the development of Sufism, and the issue of Sharia and Tariqat in his teachings are expressed.
148-154
45
6
ADVANCEMENT OF CRIMINAL INSTRUMENTS, INVESTIGATION AND DETERMINATION OF CRIMINAL INSTRUMENTS IN EXAMINATION OF THE SCENE OF A CRIMINAL INCIDENT
This article analyzes the methods of presenting, verifying and identifying clues in criminal staging during the examination of a crime scene. The importance of drawing up a crime scene inspection report for presenting and verifying clues is considered.
155-157
36
7
TEZIS MAVZUSI: IQTISODIYOTNING REAL SEKTORIDA SOLIQ YUKINING KAMAYISH VA KO‘PAYISH TENDENSIYALARINI ANIQLASH
Ushbu tezisda real sektorga tushadigan soliq yuki miqdori, uning o‘zgarish dinamikasi, kamayish yoki ko‘payishiga olib kelayotgan omillar, shuningdek, mavjud tendensiyalar tahlil qilinadi.
364-368
173
16
SOG’LOM TURMUSH FALSAFASI: INSONNING MA’NAVIY VA JISMONIY UYG’UNLIGI
Sog‘lom turmush falsafasi inson hayotining jismoniy va ma’naviy jihatlarini uyg‘unlashtirishga xizmat qiladi. Ma’naviy yetuklik va jismoniy sog‘lomlik bir-birini to‘ldiruvchi omillar bo‘lib, shaxsning to‘laqonli rivojlanishida muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Sog‘lom turmush tarziga amal qilish orqali nafaqat individual salomatlik, balki jamiyat farovonligi ham ta’minlanadi. Bu jarayonda oilaning, ta’lim muassasalarining, ommaviy axborot vositalarining va jamiyatning keng qamrovli ishtiroki zarur hisoblanadi. Ruhiy barqarorlik, axloqiy poklik, sport bilan shug‘ullanish va sog‘lom ovqatlanish hayot sifati va umr davomiyligini oshiradi. Milliy qadriyatlar va zamonaviy ilmiy qarashlar uyg‘unligida shakllanadigan turmush falsafasi sog‘lom avlodni tarbiyalashga xizmat qiladi hamda barqaror, ma’naviy yetuk jamiyat poydevorini mustahkamlaydi.
369-376
73
14
XO’JALIK YURITUVCHI SUBYEKTLARDA TOVAR-MODDIY ZAHIRALAR HISOBINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH YO’LLARI
Tovar moddiy zahiralari korxonaning aylanma mablag‘larida faoliyat sohasiga qarab, 30 foizdan 90 foizgacha bo‘ladi. Korxonaning moliyaviy va iqtisodiy ahvoli ko‘p jihatdan ana shu tovar moddiy zaxiralaridan foydalanish samaradorligiga bog‘liq. Har bir ishlab chiqarish korxonasida mahsulot ishlab chiqarish jarayonining to‘xtovsiz davom etib turishida tovar moddiy zahiralarining o‘rni juda kattadir. Tovar moddiy zahiralari asosiy vositalardan farq qilib, bir ishlab chiqarish jarayonida o‘zining qiymatini to‘la ravishda mahsulot tannarxiga o‘tkazadi. Shunday ekan aylanma mablag‘lar harakatchanligi bevosita tovar moddiy zahiralaridan samarali foydalanishga bog‘liq. Aylanma mablag‘larning korxona uchun umumiy miqdori yuqori tashkilotlar, ya’ni tegishli vazirlik tomonidan belgilanadi.
377-381
31
6
ИНКЛУЗИВ ТАЪЛИММГА ЖАЛБ ҚИЛИНГАН БОЛАЛАР ИЖТИМОИЙЛАШУВ ОМИЛЛАРИ
Ушбу мақолада кўришида, ақлий ва психик ривожланишида, нутқида, таянч-ҳаракат аъзоларида, аутистик соҳасида муаммолари бўлган болаларни ўқитиш ва тарбиялаш жараёнида қўллаш мумкин бўлган давр талабига мос педагогик технологиялар шунингдек амал қилиш ҳақида назарий билимлар, усуллар ва ёндашувлар илмий асосланган билимлар келтирилган.
382-384
715
65
BOLONIYA JARAYONI VA O‘ZBEKISTON OLIY TA’LIM TIZIMIDA MALAKA OSHIRISHNING QIYOSIY TAHLILI
Maqolada Boloniya jarayoni doirasida oliy ta’limda pedagoglarning malaka oshirish tizimi va O‘zbekiston tajribasi qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Yevropa oliy ta’lim hududida (EHEA) qo‘llanilayotgan kredit-modul tizimi, umrboqiy ta’lim, kompetensiyaviy yondashuv, mobillik dasturlari hamda raqamli texnologiyalardan foydalanish O‘zbekiston oliy ta’limidagi an’anaviy malaka oshirish shakllari bilan taqqoslanadi. Tadqiqot natijasida o‘xshashliklar, farqlar va istiqbolli yo‘nalishlar aniqlanadi.
388-390
92
42
NUTQ MADANIYATI – SAMARALI KASBIY MULOQOT GAROVI
Mazkur maqolada nutq madaniyatining kasbiy muloqotdagi o‘rni va ahamiyati yoritilgan. Professional muhitda samarali muloqot yuritish, fikrni aniq, lo‘nda va madaniyatli tarzda ifodalash xodimning kasbiy salohiyatini, savodxonligini namoyon etuvchi muhim omil sifatida talqin qilinadi. Shuningdek, maqolada nutq madaniyatining asosiy mezonlari, uning kasbiy etikaga ta’siri hamda nutq madaniyatini rivojlantirish yo‘llari haqida fikr yuritilgan.
395-397
37
11
ИЖТИМОИЙ ТАРМОҚЛАРДА РАҚАМЛИ ТАРҒИБОТ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯЛАРИ ВА УЛАРНИНГ ЖАМОАТЧИЛИК ФИКРИГА ТАЪСИРИ
Замонавий ахборот маконида Интернет ижтимоий тармоқлари тобора жамоатчилик фикрини шакллантириш, сиёсий ва мафкуравий таъсир ўтказишнинг асосий воситасига айланиб бормоқда. Улар орқали ахборот тез, интерактив ва кўпинча назоратсиз тарқалмоқда. Бу ҳолат тарғибот фаолиятининг рақамли муҳитга мослашувини тезлаштирмоқда. Шу сабабли, ижтимоий тармоқлардаги тарғибот усулларини илмий таҳлил этиш долзарб аҳамият касб этади.
398-400
46
49
O‘ZBEK TILI SINTAKTIK TIZIMIDA INTONATSIYANING KOMMUNIKATIV YUKLAMASI
Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek tili sintaksisida intonatsiyaning o‘rni, uning gapning ma’no va tuzilishidagi kommunikativ vazifalari tahlil qilinadi. Intonatsiya nutqdagi semantik munosabatlarni ifodalash, gapning pragmatik maqsadini aniqlash hamda muloqot jarayonida so‘zlovchi va tinglovchi o‘rtasidagi hissiy aloqa vositasi sifatida o‘rganiladi.
Tadqiqotda o‘zbek tili materiallari asosida intonatsiyaning turli sintaktik konstruksiyalarda, xususan, so‘roq, undov, tasdiq, inkor va murakkab gaplarda namoyon bo‘lishi tahlil etiladi.
Tadqiqotda o‘zbek tili materiallari asosida intonatsiyaning turli sintaktik konstruksiyalarda, xususan, so‘roq, undov, tasdiq, inkor va murakkab gaplarda namoyon bo‘lishi tahlil etiladi.
179-183
35
9
3-SINF ONA TILI DARSLIGIDA FE’L BOʻYICHA BERILGAN BILIMLAR ASOSIDAKOMPETENSIYALARNI SHAKLLANTIRISH
Ushbu maqolada 3-sinf ona tili darsligida fe’l bo‘yicha berilgan bilimlar asosida o‘quvchilarda kompetensiyalarni shakllantirish jarayoni tahlil qilinadi. Maqola, darslikdagi fe’l turkumlarining taqdimoti, ularning o‘quvchilarga ta’siri va amaliyotda qo‘llanilishiga e’tibor qaratadi. Shuningdek, fe’l bilimlarini o‘zlashtirish orqali o‘quvchilarda til ko‘nikmalari, mantiqiy fikrlash va ijodiy yondashuv kabi kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Ta’lim jarayonida uchraydigan muammolar va ularni hal qilish yo‘llari ham muhokama qilinadi. Maqola, ta’lim sifatini oshirish va o‘quvchilarning bilim darajasini yaxshilash uchun zarur bo‘lgan tavsiyalarni o‘z ichiga oladi.
184-187
44
18
MULTIMEDIA VOSITALARI ASOSIDA BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O‘QUVCHILARI NUTQINI O‘STIRISHNING SHAKL, METOD VA VOSITALARI
Ushbu maqolada multimedia vositalari asosida boshlang'ich sinf o'quvchilarining nutqini o'stirishning shakl, metod va vositalari muhokama qilinadi. O'quvchilarning nutqiy ko'nikmalarini rivojlantirishda multimedia vositalarining ahamiyati, ularning ta'lim jarayoniga kiritilishi va samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada interaktiv o'yinlar, audio-vizual materiallar, taqdimotlar va boshqa multimedia elementlarining o'quvchilarni qiziqtirish va motivatsiyasini oshirishdagi roli ko'rsatib beriladi. Shuningdek, multimedia vositalari yordamida muloqot qilish, eshitish va tushunish ko'nikmalarini yaxshilash imkoniyatlari ham yoritiladi. Ushbu tadqiqot natijalari o'qituvchilarga o'z darslarini yanada samarali o'tkazishga yordam berishi mumkin.
188-193
118
25
MAQOLA MAVZUSI: MUHAMMAD RIZO OGAHIYNING “TA’VIZ UL-OSHIQIN” DEVONI TARKIBIDAGI SINONIMLARNING TASNIFLANISHI
Sinonim so‘zlarning lingvistik va badiiy xususiyatlari ko‘plab tadqiqot ishlarining obyekti bo‘lib kelgan. Mumtoz badiiy asarlar tarkibidagi sinonim so‘zlarning tuzilishi, tasniflanishi va ular anglatgan ma’no tomonlarini o‘rganish masalasiga e’tibor kuchaymoqda. Mazkur maqolada shoir Muhammad Rizo Ogahiyning “Ta’viz ul-oshiqin” devoni tarkibidagi sinonim so‘zlar tahlil qilingan. Sinonimlarning kichik ma’no farqlanishlari, leksik va kontekstual turlari, morfologik jihatdan tasniflanishi devondan olingan misollar asosida ko‘rib chiqilgan.
194-196
43
12
THE CONCEPT, SUBJECT, METHOD AND SYSTEM OF ECOLOGICAL LAW
This article discusses the concept, subject and tasks of ecological law.
197-199
75
21
BAQSÍ JAPAQ SHAMURATOV DÓRETIWSHILIGI
Bul maqalada Japaq Shamuratov dóretiwshilik kompozitorlıq jolında shıǵarǵan namaları qosıqlar hám dóretken shıǵarmalari haqqında sóz etilgen.
200-202
24
11
FOLKLORLIQ SHIǴRAMALARDIŃ ULIWMA TIL BILIMINDE ÚYRENILIWI
Bul maqalada folklorlıq shıǵramalardıń ulıwma til biliminde úyreniliwi haqqında sóz etilgen.
203-205
35
9
MAVJUD PANEL KONSTRUKSIYALI TURAR-JOY BINOLARINING ZILZILABARDOSHLIGINI KUCHAYTIRISH USULLARI TAHLILI
Shunga qaramay, vaqt o‘tishi bilan ushbu binolarda bir qator texnik kamchiliklar yuzaga keladi. Bog‘lovchi choklar orasiga kirgan namlik armatura korroziyasi va beton yoriqlarini keltirib chiqaradi. Poydevor cho‘kishi, panellar orasidagi deformatsiyalar va materiallarning eskirishi esa binolarning seysmik chidamliligini sezilarli darajada pasaytiradi [3]. Shu sababli, mavjud panel binolarni zilzilabardoshligini oshirish bugungi kunning dolzarb ilmiy va amaliy masalasi hisoblanadi.
206-208
53
8
ADAPTIV JISMONIY TARBIYADA PEDAGOGIK FAOLIYAT OB'EKTINING TAVSIFI
Ushbu tezisda adaptiv jismoniy tarbiya sohasida faoliyat yurituvchi mutaxassislar, bakalavrlar va magistrlar ish faoliyatining asosiy ob’ekti bo‘lgan nogiron shaxslarning jismoniy va psixologik xususiyatlari keng yoritilgan. Turli toifadagi nogironlik holatlari — ko‘rish, eshitish, nutq, mushak-skelet tizimi, asab tizimi va aqliy rivojlanishdagi nuqsonlar — ularning jismoniy faolligi, harakat muvofiqligi, psixik holati va reabilitatsiya jarayonlariga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishi ilmiy asosda tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, maqolada ikkilamchi kasalliklarning paydo bo‘lish sabablari, gipodinamiya omillari va adaptiv jismoniy tarbiya dasturlarini ishlab chiqishda diagnostik ko‘rsatkichlarning ahamiyati ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan.
209-210
104
31
PEDAGOGIK FANLARNI O‘QITISH METODIKASI FANINING BOSHQA FANLAR BILAN O‘ZARO ALOQASI
Ushbu tezis pedagogik fanlarni o‘qitish metodikasining boshqa fanlar bilan o‘zaro aloqadorligi, ularning o‘zaro ta’siri va bir-birini to‘ldiruvchi jihatlari tahlil qilingan. Pedagogik fanlarning rivojlanishida falsafa, psixologiya, fiziologiya, sotsiologiya kabi fanlarning o‘rni, ularning ilmiy asoslari va pedagogik tadqiqotlarda tutgan o‘rni yoritilgan.
211-213
51
12
PEDAGOGIK FANLAR MAZMUNINI BELGILOVCHI ME’YORIY HUJJATLARGA HARAKTERISTIKA
Ushbu tezisda O‘zbekiston Respublikasida umumiy o‘rta ta’lim tizimining davlat ta’lim standarti mazmuni, maqsadi, vazifalari hamda asosiy prinsiplari yoritilgan. Ta’lim mazmunining me’yoriy asoslari — davlat ta’lim standartlari, o‘quv rejalari va dasturlar orqali tartibga solinishi, ularning mamlakatda amalga oshirilayotgan ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy islohotlar va zamonaviy axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalariga mosligi tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, davlat ta’lim standartining asosiy prinsiplari — o‘quvchi shaxsi ustuvorligi, insonparvarlik, uzluksizlik, yagona ta’lim makoni, innovatsion texnologiyalarni qo‘llash va kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirish masalalari keng yoritilgan. Tezisda tayanch o‘quv reja, o‘quv dasturi, malaka talablari va baholash tizimi kabi tarkibiy qismlar mazmunan ochib berilgan hamda ta’lim sifatini nazorat qilishning ichki, tashqi va davlat-jamoatchilik shakllari tahlil etilgan.
214-215
41
9
QARAQALPAQ TILIN SAQLAW HÁM RAWAJLANDIRIWDA JAŃA TEXNOLOGIYALARDIŃ ORNI
Bul maqalada Qaraqalpaq tilin saqlaw hám rawajlandırıwda raqamlı texnologiyalardıń orni, media platformalardıń áseri, onlayn oqitıw júyeleri hám mobil qosımshalardıń rolí qaraladı. Zamanawi texnologiyalar arqalı milli tilimizdi saqlaw, úyreniw hám raqamlı keńistikte rawajlandırıw múmkinshilikleri túsindirilgen.
391-394
152
15
TIBBIYOT TERMINOLOGIYASINING SHAKLLANISHIDA LOTIN TILINING O’RNI
Tibbiyot terminologiyasi shakllanishida lotin tili muhim o‘rin egallaydi.
Qadim zamonlardan beri tibbiy atamalar aynan lotin tilidan olinib, hozirgi kungacha o‘z ahamiyatini yo‘qotmagan. Lotin tili qisqa, aniq va ilmiy ifoda vositasi sifatida tibbiyotda keng qo‘llaniladi. Tibbiyot fanlarining rivojlanishida ushbu til orqali yaratilgan terminlar muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Tibbiyot oliygohlarida talabalar uchun lotin tilini o‘rganish kasbiy savodxonlik va malaka oshirishda katta ahamiyatga ega. Lotin tilidagi terminlar nafaqat ilmiy adabiyotlar, balki amaliy tibbiyotda ham universal vosita sifatida xizmat qiladi. Shu sababli, lotin tili tibbiy bilimlarni xalqaro darajada ifodalash va almashishda asosiy omil hisoblanadi.
Qadim zamonlardan beri tibbiy atamalar aynan lotin tilidan olinib, hozirgi kungacha o‘z ahamiyatini yo‘qotmagan. Lotin tili qisqa, aniq va ilmiy ifoda vositasi sifatida tibbiyotda keng qo‘llaniladi. Tibbiyot fanlarining rivojlanishida ushbu til orqali yaratilgan terminlar muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Tibbiyot oliygohlarida talabalar uchun lotin tilini o‘rganish kasbiy savodxonlik va malaka oshirishda katta ahamiyatga ega. Lotin tilidagi terminlar nafaqat ilmiy adabiyotlar, balki amaliy tibbiyotda ham universal vosita sifatida xizmat qiladi. Shu sababli, lotin tili tibbiy bilimlarni xalqaro darajada ifodalash va almashishda asosiy omil hisoblanadi.
216-218
148
35
QARAQALPAQ TILINIŃ LINGVISTIKASI
Bul maqalada Qaraqalpaq tiliniń lingvistik sistemasına tiyisli bólimler – fonetika, leksika, grammatika hám sintaksis bólimleri boyınsha málimet beriledi. Til – xalıqtıń ruwhi baylıǵı, mádeniy qádiriyati hám kommunikaciya quralı ekenligi kúrsitiledi. Qaraqalpaq til biliminiń rawajlanıwı, onıń lingvistik dárejedegi máseleleri hám zamana talaptarına mos dáwirlik ózgerisleri taldalanadı.
219-220
36
9
TEZIS MAVZUSI: BIZNESDA YANGI G‘OYALARNI BOSHQARISH JARAYONLARINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Yangi g‘oya — bu mahsulot, xizmat, jarayon yoki biznes modeliga yangicha yondashuv bo‘lib, u korxonaga raqobatbardoshlik, samaradorlik yoki foyda keltiradi.
221-224
52
15
ASHTARXONIYLAR SULOLASINING DATLABKI HUKMDORLARI
O'rta Osiyo tarixshunosligidagi aksariyat tarixiy manbalarda ko'pincha Joniy Muhammadxon XVII va XVIII asrlar davomida Buxoro xonligini boshqargan Ashtarxoniylar sulolasining asoschisi sifatida ko'rsatiladi. Ushbu maqola J. Audrey Burtonning muhim tadqiqotlariga asoslanib, yuqoridagi g’oyaga qarshi chiqadi. Unda ta'kidlanishicha, sulola asosan Joniy Muhammadning o'g'li va nabirasi Din Muhammad va Boqiy Muhammadning siyosiy va harbiy mahorati orqali shakllantirilgan. Ular o'zlarining amalda hukmronlik qilishlarini qonuniylashtirish uchun katta yoshdagi qarindoshlarini shunchaki nomigagina rahbar sifatida ishlatishgan. Maqolada yilnomalar va numizmatik dalillarni tahlil qilish orqali sulola tashkil topgan davrdagi murakkab hokimiyat taqsimoti mexanizmi ochib beriladi va amaliy davlat boshqaruvining yanada nozik jihatlari yoritiladi.
225-230
31
17
FIFANING TMS HAMDA MY LEAGUE DASTURLARINING O‘ZBEKISTON QONUNCHILIGIGA INTEGRATSIYASI
FIFA TMS – bu futbolchilarning xalqaro transferlarini kuzatish va nazorat qilish uchun mo‘ljallangan majburiy onlayn tizimdir. [1] Uning asosiy maqsadi – transfer jarayonlarida shaffoflikni oshirish, pul yuvish, voyaga yetmagan futbolchilar savdosini cheklash va shartnomaviy majburiyatlarning bajarilishini ta’minlashdan iborat. Ushbu tizim orqali har bir xalqaro transferga oid ma’lumotlar – transfer narxi, to‘lovlar, shartnomalar shartlari – aniq ro‘yxatga olinadi va ikki tomonlama tasdiqlanishi shart. Bu transferlar bilan bog‘liq nizolarni kamaytirish va futbolchilarning huquqlarini himoya qilishga xizmat qiladi.
309-313
56
24
COPYRIGHT AND THE RAPIDLY DEVELOPING INTERNET
This article analyzes the provisions of the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan related to copyright, defines the concept of “copyright,” and examines the degree of its protection under Uzbek law. Special attention is given to how the copyright legislation covers digital content in the online environment, including blogs, social media materials, and other online works. In addition, the article discusses the legal consequences of copyright infringement and the types of penalties applied for such violations.
314-319
112
24
GLOBAL LANGUAGE, GLOBAL ECONOMY: THE ROLE OF ENGLISH IN THE MODERN ECONOMY
In the process of globalization of the world, English has become not only a means of communication, but also an important economic asset. It plays a crucial role in international trade, foreign direct investment, competitiveness in the labor market, access to information and technological opportunities, and integration into international knowledge networks. Empirical data show that knowledge of English increases the employability of individuals, the economic integration of countries, and the efficiency of enterprises. At the same time, the dominance of English is also likely to lead to economic, cultural, and social disadvantages for non-English-speaking groups. Therefore, while recognizing English as a powerful engine of economic globalization, there is a need for inclusive language policies that support equitable and multilingual approaches.
320-324
45
11
LEARNING ENGLISH WITHOUT MEMORIZING WORDS
Problems arise 95% of language learners worldwide start learning of language. The main reason for this is in the artificial learning of language. For instance, mastering grammar through formulas, memorizing words by listing, solving tests are included in artificial learning. And the natural way of learning is that we learn from childhood by listening to our mother tongue and learning through the influence of others. The main purpose of the article is to learn English easily without memorizing any words, natural learning methods and their advantage. In accordance with this goal, the following tasks identified as to increase the enthuasiasm of children and language learners of different ages through the use of natural learning methods and increase the effectiveness of lessons as a result of the use of these methods.
325-328
78
20
THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION
В данной статье рассматривается адвокатура: её история, значение и заметные аспекты. Также обсуждается современная история развития адвокатуры, её актуальные проблемы, история её развития и практические шаги для решения этих проблем.
329-334
35
5
TROUBLESHOOTING METHODS AND DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN ELECTRONIC DEVICES
This article analyzes the efficiency of fault detection methods and diagnostic technologies in modern electronic devices. Passive, active, and digital diagnostic approaches are compared, and their advantages and limitations are evaluated based on experimental results. Diagnostic techniques using thermographic monitoring, Arduino-based self-test modules, and OBD-II adapters are examined. Comparative analysis indicates that applying a hybrid diagnostic approach significantly increases fault detection accuracy.
335-344
34
20
APPLICATION OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF EXISTING BUILDINGS
This article scientifically examines the issues of seismic strengthening of existing buildings using modern composite materials. The study analyzes the technical and economic efficiency of applying Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite systems to rehabilitate reinforced concrete structures and eliminate structural defects. The high strength, corrosion resistance, lightweight nature, and ease of installation of FRP materials demonstrate their superiority compared to traditional strengthening methods.
345-347
36
2
RUSSIAN GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE IN A MODERN INTERPRETATION
This article examines the contemporary understanding of the grammatical structure of the Russian language. The grammatical system of the Russian language is a dynamic structure reflecting the processes of development, renewal, and adaptation of the language to new communicative conditions. The article analyzes the main trends in morphology and syntax that are emerging in modern Russian under the influence of conversational practice, digital technologies, and globalization processes.
401-402
36
17
LACK OF PURPOSE AND EDUCATIONAL ISSUES IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Every teacher should be a role model for children. Children learn a lot not only in the classroom, but also from the actions and words of their teachers. For example, if a teacher treats others with respect, students will also absorb these qualities. In modern times, children are influenced by various information. They see good and bad things through television, telephone, and the Internet. Therefore, educational work at school should always continue.
403-406
27
5
HEART IMPLANTS: MIRACLES OF MODERN CARDIOLOGY
This article explores cardiac implants and their biophysical principles. It analyzes the operation of modern pacemakers, artificial heart valves, and fully mechanical heart replacement devices, focusing on their electromagnetic, mechanical, and biochemical interactions. The biophysical mechanisms of restoring and controlling cardiac activity through implants are also discussed. This study highlights the importance of bioelectrical and biomechanical modeling of the heart system as a practical application of biophysics.
231-234
66
12
OLIY TA’LIM TIZIMIDA O‘QITISH SIFATI MONITORINGI MODELINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH YO‘LLARI
Ushbu ilmiy ishda O‘zbekiston oliy ta’lim tizimida o‘qitish sifati monitoringi modelini takomillashtirish masalasi ko‘rib chiqilgan. Tadqiqot davomida mavjud monitoring tizimlari tahlil qilinib, ularning zaif tomonlari aniqlangan. Xususan, baholash mezonlarining subyektivligi, ma’lumotlar yig‘ish va tahlil qilishdagi samarasizlik, shuningdek, zamonaviy raqamli texnologiyalarning yetarli darajada qo‘llanilmasligi asosiy muammolar sifatida qayd etilgan. Shu asosda, o‘qitish sifatini baholashda ko‘p tomonlama yon dashuv (360 daraja baholash), raqamli indikatorlar va sun’iy intellekt elementlari asosida takomillashtirilgan monitoring modeli ishlab chiqilgan. Taklif etilgan model oliy ta’limda sifatni izchil nazorat qilish, shaffoflikni ta’minlash va ta’lim jarayonini doimiy takomillashtirish imkonini beradi.
235-238
25
7
BOʻLAJAK PEDAGOG-TARBIYACHILARNING KASBIY KOMPETENTLIGINI EVRISTIK METOD ORQALI SHAKLLANTIRISHNING PEDAGOGIK IMKONIYATLARI
Ushbu maqolada bo‘lajak pedagog-tarbiyachilarning kasbiy kompetentligini shakllantirish jarayonida evristik metodning samaradorligi va uning pedagogik imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqola doirasida evristik yondashuvning nazariy asoslari, pedagogik amaliyotda qo‘llanilishi hamda yosh mutaxassislarning mustaqil fikrlash, ijodkorlik va muammolarni hal etish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishdagi ahamiyati o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, evristik metod pedagogik jarayonda o‘quvchilarning faolligini oshirish, ularning kasbiy bilim va ko‘nikmalarini mustahkamlashda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Maqola pedagogik ta’lim jarayonini takomillashtirish uchun yangi usullarni joriy etish va pedagoglarning professional salohiyatini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan tavsiyalarni o‘z ichiga oladi.
239-241
48
16
OVOZLI CHAT-BOT YARATISHDA MATNDAN NUTQQA VA NUTQDAN MATNGA O‘TISH MEXANIZMLARI
Mazkur tezisda ovozli chat-botlar yaratishda matndan nutqqa (Text-to-Speech) va nutqdan matnga (Speech-to-Text) o‘tish mexanizmlarining ishlash tamoyillari, ularning mobil dasturlashdagi o‘rni va qo‘llanilish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilingan. Ishda TTS va STT texnologiyalarining asosiy bosqichlari — akustik model, fonetik tahlil, nutq sintezi va signalni qayta ishlash jarayonlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, Android platformasida ovozli chat-botlarni yaratish uchun Google Speech API va TextToSpeech kutubxonalari misolida amaliy yechimlar keltirilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, TTS va STT texnologiyalarining integratsiyasi mobil ilovalarni yanada interaktiv va qulay qiladi, foydalanuvchi bilan tabiiy muloqotni ta’minlaydi hamda ta’lim, sog‘liqni saqlash va xizmat ko‘rsatish sohalarida samarali qo‘llanilishi mumkin.
242-243
40
34
NIKOH MUNOSABATLARINING HUQUQIY VA IJTIMOIY ASOSLARI
Ushbu maqolada nikoh munosabatlarining huquqiy, ijtimoiy va ma’naviy jihatlari chuqur tahlil qilingan. Nikoh institutining tarixiy rivojlanish bosqichlari, jamiyat taraqqiyotidagi o‘rni, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi qonunchiligida uning huquqiy asoslari, shuningdek, oila barqarorligini ta’minlashda davlat va jamiyatning o‘rni yoritilgan.
Maqolada Oila kodeksi, Konstitutsiya hamda xalqaro huquqiy normalarga tayangan holda ilmiy va tahliliy xulosalar keltiriladi.
Maqolada Oila kodeksi, Konstitutsiya hamda xalqaro huquqiy normalarga tayangan holda ilmiy va tahliliy xulosalar keltiriladi.
244-246
220
34
O‘ZBEK ADABIYOTIDA TARIXIY ROMAN JANRINING SHAKLLANISHI VA A.QODIRIY IJODINING O‘RNI
. Ushbu tezisda o‘zbek adabiyotida tarixiy roman janrining shakllanish jarayoni, uning ijtimoiy-madaniy omillari hamda Abdulla Qodiriy ijodining bu jarayondagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Muallif A.Qodiriy romanlarining badiiy xususiyatlari, tarixiy realizm va milliy tafakkur uyg‘unligi orqali o‘zbek romanchiligi rivojiga qo‘shgan hissasini yoritadi. Tadqiqotda tarixiy roman janrining milliy adabiyotdagi ahamiyati va Qodiriy merosining bugungi o‘zbek adabiyoti taraqqiyotiga ta’siri ilmiy asosda ko‘rsatib berilgan.
247-251
86
12
BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O‘QITUVCHISI NUTQINING KOMMUNIKATIV SIFATLARI: TO‘G‘RILIK, ANIQLIK, MANTIQIYLIK VA TA’SIRCHANLIKNING O‘ZARO BOG‘LIQLIGI
Mazkur maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘qituvchisining nutqiy faoliyatida kommunikativ sifatlar — to‘g‘rilik, aniqlik, mantiqiylik va ta’sirchanlikning mazmuni hamda ularning o‘zaro bog‘liqligi ilmiy-pedagogik nuqtayi nazardan yoritilgan. Shuningdek, bu sifatlarning ta’lim jarayoni va o‘quvchilarning nutqiy rivojlanishiga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi.
252-254
82
20
O‘ZBEK TILINING TARIXIY TARAQQIYOTIDA TILLARARO ALOQALAR VA LUG‘AVIY TA’SIR MASALALARI
mazkur maqolada o‘zbek tilining tarixiy taraqqiyot jarayonida boshqa tillar bilan aloqalari, lug‘at tarkibining shakllanishida turkiy va noturkiy tillarning o‘rni hamda ikki tillilik hodisasi tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, mo‘g‘ul, fors-tojik, arab, uyg‘ur, turkman va ozarbayjon tillari bilan til kontaktlari hamda ularning o‘zbek tili leksikasiga ko‘rsatgan ta’siri ilmiy asosda yoritiladi. Shuningdek, Alisher Navoiy davridagi ikki tillilik an’analari va zamonaviy davrda yuzaga kelgan yangi ko‘p tillilik jarayonlari til taraqqiyotining muhim bosqichlari sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi.
255-256
25
3
ЎСМИР ЁШДАГИ ФУТБОЛЧИЛАРНИНГ ЖИСМОНИЙ ТАЙЁРГАРЛИГИНИ ВА МУСОБАҚА ФАОЛИЯТИНИ НАЗОРАТ ҚИЛИШ
ўсмир ёшдаги футболчиларнинг жисмоний тайёргарлигини ва мусобақа фаолиятини назорат қилишни ўрганиш, такомиллаштиришда услубий кўрсатмаларни бериш.
257-258
21
9
ЁШ МИНИ-ФУТБОЛЧИЛАРНИ МАХСУС ЧИДАМКОРЛИГИНИ АНИҚЛАШ
ёш мини-футболчиларнинг махсус чидамкорлигини аниқлаш орқали кимчиликларни бартараф этишга йўналтирилган таклиф ва тавсиялар ишлаб чиқиш.
259-260
21
10
ТУРЛИ ТОИФАЛИ ФУТБОЛЧИЛАРНИ МУСОБАҚА ШАРОИТИДА ТЎП УЗАТИШЛАРНИ НАЗОРАТ ҚИЛИШ ВА САМАРАДОРЛИГИНИ ОШИРИШ
Янги, янада самарали ҳаракат фаолиятини юқори шаклларини аниқлаш спортчини спорт маҳоратини ўсишига яхши замин яратади. ўйинни хусусиятларини аниқ маълумотларга ёндашган ҳолда футболчини ҳаракат фаолиятини шундай ташкил этиш мумкинки, у ўйинни ривожланишига таъсир этади.
261-262
57
9
MUSIQA DARSLARIDA O’QUVCHILARNING FANGA BO’LGAN QIZIQISHLARINI OSHIRISH
Ushbu maqola musiqa darslarida o’quvchilarning fanga bo’lgan qiziqishlarini yanada oshirish borasida bo’lib, turli hil metodlar va tavsiyalar berilib borilgan.
407-411
45
24
PRINCIPLES OF THE SCIENCE OF TEACHING METHODOLOGY OF PEDAGOGICAL SUBJECTS
This article covers the main principles of the science of teaching methodology of pedagogical subjects, their role and significance in the educational process. The principles of scientificity, unity of theory and practice, modernity and nationality, clarity, consistency and systematicity of information in teaching pedagogical subjects, the formation of creative activity, independence and initiative of students are analyzed. Also, the interrelation of the content of education and upbringing, the set of didactic tools and the principles of optimizing the educational process are described on a theoretical and practical basis. The article reveals ways to increase the effectiveness of the educational process through methodological principles of teaching pedagogical subjects.
412-415
28
15
LANGUAGE IS A SIGN OF CULTURE
This article examines the concepts of language and culture, their fundamental interconnection, and the mechanisms of mutual influence between them. It demonstrates that language is the main tool that defines the spiritual and cultural world of a nation. The article analyzes the changes that occur in the language system through culture and the preservation, dissemination, and renewal of cultural elements through language. Special attention is paid to the unique role of the relationship between language and culture in Karakalpak literary heritage and their significant influence on the formation of the national identity of the people.
416-420
40
20
MODERN MECHANISMS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION: COMPLIANCE, WHISTLEBLOWING AND INTEGRITY AUDIT INSTITUTE
Corruption is one of the most dangerous socio-legal vices that erodes not only the economic foundation of society, but also the moral and spiritual layers of society, and undermines trust in state institutions. This scientific work is aimed at analyzing modern preventive mechanisms in the fight against corruption, in addition to traditional punitive approaches - compliance control, whistleblowing institute and integrity audit system, and studies national legislation on a comparative legal basis with global anti-corruption standards
421-422
29
14
MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE RELATIONSHIP
This article examines the relationship between morphology and syntax as two complementary levels of the linguistic system. Various approaches to defining the boundaries between morphological and syntactic phenomena are discussed, and their interaction in the process of constructing utterances is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the morphological means of expressing syntactic relations, as well as the syntactic functioning of morphological categories.
423-432
36
27
THE IMPACT OF IDEOLOGY ON NATIONAL INTERESTS AND SECURITY IN IRAN’S FOREIGN POLICY
As a state inspired by Islamic political thought, the Islamic Republic of Iran possesses distinctive characteristics in foreign policy. The most significant among them is the issue of determining the relationship between “national interests and security” and its Islamic ideology. In studying this matter, the views of the Supreme Leader, Imam Khomeini, play a central role. The ideological foundations, national security, and national interests in foreign policy are analyzed. Imam Khomeini, as a leader who combined idealism and realism, accepted national interests and national security as essential directions, but interpreted them not within a purely secular approach, but based on the criteria of Islamic ideology. In his views, Islamic ideology is manifested as a central and inseparable component of political Islam, standing above national interests and national security. Khomeini’s approach expresses the dominance of ideology in foreign policy while also integrating realism. This approach presents post-revolutionary Iran as a rational actor in international politics.
433-436
37
15
HEART IMPLANTS: MIRACLES OF MODERN CARDIOLOGY
This article explores cardiac implants and their biophysical principles. It analyzes the operation of modern pacemakers, artificial heart valves, and fully mechanical heart replacement devices, focusing on their electromagnetic, mechanical, and biochemical interactions. The biophysical mechanisms of restoring and controlling cardiac activity through implants are also discussed. This study highlights the importance of bioelectrical and biomechanical modeling of the heart system as a practical application of biophysics.
439-443
61
14
"YETTI PIR" PILGRIMAGE – AN IMPORTANT DIRECTION OF UZBEKISTAN'S TOURISM INDUSTRY
Bukhara is one of the most ancient and historically rich cities in our Republic. The rich history and unique beauty of each of the “Yetti Pir” pilgrimage sites in Bukhara further enhance the city’s appeal. This article discusses the role, historical roots, and modern significance of the “Yetti Pir” pilgrimage sites in the development of spiritual and educational tourism in Uzbekistan. The religious, cultural, and social aspects of the pilgrimage route are analyzed, and its role in enriching the tourism infrastructure is highlighted.
444-448
42
37
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF MINORS
This article analyzes the issue of the protection of the rights of minors from a legal perspective. The mechanisms for ensuring the interests of children in national legislation and international legal norms, their mutual compatibility and effectiveness in practice are highlighted. The international legal obligations of the Republic of Uzbekistan and reforms within the framework of the Convention on the Rights of the Child are also analyzed.
449-455
33
12
DISTINCTIVE PROPERTIES OF THE DRUG CEFIXIME
Cefixime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that plays an important role in the treatment of bacterial infections. It is widely used in clinical practice due to its broad-spectrum activity, high efficacy, and oral bioavailability. This article explores the unique pharmacological characteristics, mechanism of action, therapeutic uses, and advantages of cefixime compared to other antibiotics
456-460
27
15
THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS
This article analyzes the impact of physical activity on a healthy lifestyle among medical students on a scientific basis. During the study, the impact of physical activity on the physical and mental health of students, the effectiveness of academic activities, and the level of professional training was studied. The role of physical activity in reducing stress, strengthening immunity, and improving the functioning of the cardiovascular system was also highlighted based on scientific evidence. According to the results obtained in the article, it was found that students who regularly engage in sports have a high level of mental stability, social activity, and academic motivation. The authors emphasize the need to develop physical education as an important component of the medical education system, widely introduce health programs, and form a healthy lifestyle among students. This article is of scientific and practical importance aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle in the medical education system and improving the culture of a healthy lifestyle of future doctors.
461-467
49
29
DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN THE INDIVIDUALIZATION OF BELT WRESTLING TRAINING
This article analyzes the role of digital platforms in the modernization of sports education, with a particular focus on belt wrestling. The study identifies existing challenges in traditional training systems, such as limited individualization, lack of digital resources, and insufficient monitoring. It highlights the opportunities created by digital technologies, including real-time performance tracking, athlete e-passports, and AI-based analysis. A comparative table and graphical data are presented to illustrate the advantages of digital integration. The findings suggest that adopting digital platforms not only improves athlete performance but also contributes to the international recognition of belt wrestling and the modernization of Uzbekistan’s sports education system.
348-350
60
4
THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
This article discusses the theory and methodology of physical education.
351-361
48
5
DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN UNIVERSITY LECTURERS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
This article examines the problems and prospects of developing communicative competence among university lecturers. The relevance of the topic is due to the increasing demands for the quality of education and the need to improve the effectiveness of interaction between lecturers and students in the modern educational environment. The article analyzes different approaches to defining the concept of "communicative competence" and identifies the main components necessary for successful pedagogical communication. Particular attention is paid to the problems arising in the process of developing communicative competence of lecturers, such as the insufficient development of teaching methods, lack of time for professional development, and psychological barriers in communication. Based on the analysis, promising directions are proposed for the development of communicative competence among university lecturers, including the introduction of interactive teaching methods, the development of special training programs, and the creation of a favorable educational environment that promotes the exchange of experience and the development of professional skills.
362-364
30
5
RUSSIAN GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE IN A MODERN INTERPRETATION
This article examines the contemporary understanding of the grammatical structure of the Russian language. The grammatical system of the Russian language is a dynamic structure reflecting the processes of development, renewal, and adaptation of the language to new communicative conditions. The article analyzes the main trends in morphology and syntax that are emerging in modern Russian under the influence of conversational practice, digital technologies, and globalization processes.
365-367
44
7
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF THE CATEGORY OF TENSE IN THE RUSSIAN VERB
This article examines the semantic features of the category of tense in the Russian verb system. The category of tense is one of the central categories in grammar, as it reflects the relationship of an action to the moment of speech and expresses temporal relationships between events. The functional and semantic meaning of past, present, and future tense forms is analyzed, as well as their interaction with other grammatical categories of the verb—aspect, voice, and mood. The use of tense forms in various contexts, including colloquial and literary speech, is examined.
368-371
26
7
DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND THEIR EXPRESSIVE POTENTIAL IN SPEECH
This article examines the degrees of comparison of adjectives in Russian, their semantic features, and expressive functions in speech. The article analyzes the structural types of forms for degrees of comparison, their formation, and their functioning in various speech styles.
Particular attention is paid to the role of comparative constructions in creating expressiveness, emotional coloring, and individual style of utterance.
Particular attention is paid to the role of comparative constructions in creating expressiveness, emotional coloring, and individual style of utterance.
372-375
31
5
MORPHOLOGICAL AND SEMANTIC TYPES OF PRONOUNS IN RUSSIAN
This article examines the morphological and semantic features of pronouns in Russian. Pronouns are a special class of meaningful words that do not name objects, attributes, or actions, but merely refer to them. The grammatical nature of pronouns, their classification by meaning, their functions in speech, as well as the characteristics of inflection and syntactic use, are explored. The analysis reveals that pronouns play an important role in organizing utterances, economizing on linguistic resources, and expressing personal, deictic, and communicative meanings.
376-377
32
6
INSTILLING THE SPIRIT OF NATIONAL VALUES IN THE MINDS OF STUDENTS THROUGH OUR NATIONAL THEATER
This article examines the educational potential of the national theater, the mechanisms through which it forms values such as honesty, hard work, respect for elders, kindness, and patriotism in students. The compatibility of theater with experiential learning and sociocultural approaches is analyzed, and practical models and assessment tools for use in school settings are proposed.
378-385
26
8
INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN PEDAGOGICAL MANAGEMENT
This article discusses the issues of introducing innovative technologies in pedagogical management. The theoretical and practical aspects of improving management processes, using digital platforms, and implementing artificial intelligence and information and communication technologies in the education system are analyzed. Also, best practices aimed at developing innovative competencies of teachers and management personnel and increasing efficiency in the educational process are studied. The article develops scientific and practical recommendations for ensuring the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of education through the modernization of pedagogical management.
386-389
40
7
TECHNOLOGIES OF TEACHING LEGAL SUBJECTS IN ACADEMIC LYCEUMS
This article is devoted to the technologies of teaching legal subjects in academic lyceums. It discusses in detail modern methods of legal education, interactive methods, pedagogical technologies and their role in the educational process. The article shows the importance of legal education in the introduction, analyzes non-traditional and innovative teaching methods with examples in the main part, and summarizes the advantages of these technologies in the conclusion. The purpose is to provide general information on the effective organization of teaching legal subjects in academic lyceums and to provide recommendations for teachers. The article is aimed at forming legal awareness and culture in the younger generation, based on reforms in the education system of Uzbekistan.
390-396
25
5
INTEGRATION BETWEEN SPORTS AND MEDICINE: NEW EDUCATIONAL APPROACHES FOR FUTURE DOCTORS
This article examines the impact of integrating sports into medical education on students. The study analyzes the role of sports training in improving physical health, increasing mental stability, reducing stress, and developing academic activity. It also examines how a combination of group and individual exercises can help increase social interaction, personal development, and motivation. The article discusses pedagogical approaches to integrating sports and medicine, their impact on sleep and recovery, and the possibilities for the physical, mental, and professional development of future doctors. The results show that the inclusion of sports training in the educational process is an effective tool for forming a healthy lifestyle and effective professional training of future doctors.
397-402
24
14
DYNAMIC SUNSHIELD STRUCTURES FOR HOT-DRY CLIMATES
This article analyzes the types of dynamic sunshield systems suitable for this climate zone, their operating principles, materials used and their efficiency. The results of the study can be useful in developing energy-efficient and environmentally friendly construction solutions. Protecting buildings from excessive solar radiation in hot and dry climates is one of the main factors in increasing energy efficiency and ensuring indoor comfort. Dynamic sunshield structures play an important role in this process, as they are able to operate in accordance with environmental conditions and help maintain the indoor temperature of the building at an optimal level.
437-438
68
11
REFORMS IMPLEMENTED TO OVERCOME LIVESTOCK SECTOR CHALLENGES IN UZBEKISTAN (2000–2004)
This article analyzes the nature and outcomes of livestock sector reforms implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan between 2000 and 2004. The research identifies the key challenges in livestock production, such as outdated infrastructure, feed shortages, weak veterinary services, and insufficient breeding programs. Furthermore, it explores government policies aimed at supporting farms, improving breeding quality, strengthening feed resources, developing credit mechanisms, and expanding export potential.
468-472
138
12
SKILLS AND MAIN DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE WORLDVIEW OF YOUNG PEOPLE
This article analyzes the role of education, which is considered the main direction in the formation of the worldview of young people, the main factors of education in the process of achieving spiritual maturity, and the importance of thinking and spiritual awareness in the upbringing of a complete person. It is scientifically proven that the main task of education in the formation of a worldview is to raise a person not only as an educated, but also as a spiritually mature person.
473-477
39
5
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN INTERACTIVE TEACHING METHODS FOR NATIVE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE CLASSES
This article examines the integration of digital technologies into interactive teaching methodologies for native language and literature instruction. Through comprehensive literature analysis, the study explores how technological tools transform traditional pedagogical approaches, enhance student engagement, and facilitate deeper literary comprehension. Results indicate that technology-mediated instruction significantly improves student motivation, collaborative learning opportunities, and critical thinking skills when appropriately integrated with sound pedagogical principles.
478-481
29
4
"PEDAGOGICAL MECHANISMS FOR THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE PRESCHOOL TEACHERS"
This article examines the pedagogical mechanisms used in the professional training of future preschool teachers and ways to effectively implement them.
482-484
27
10
DEVELOPING TOURISM IN UZBEKISTAN AND A NUMBER OF PROBLEMS
This article presents the importance of tourism development in Uzbekistan and several ideas and work being done to eliminate the main problems, as well as comments on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the restoration of tourism after this period.
485-489
26
3
ANALYSIS OF DATA ON SYMMETRICAL AND ASYMMETRIC MOVEMENTS OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS
This article reflects data on the symmetrical and asymmetric movements of young football players, and based on the information provided, coaches will be able to effectively organize training sessions.
490-493
29
8
TRAINING OF RESERVE OFFICERS AT THE MILITARY DEPARTMENT AND ITS HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Today, the general state of political and military affairs around the world remains one of the most urgent issues facing every nation. In this regard, not only military academies and army units but also various educational institutions that provide complementary military education play an important role. The Military Department at the Faculty of History of the National University of Uzbekistan also occupies a significant place in this process. This article is devoted to the importance of training reserve officers at the Military Department and to the essential role of military pedagogy in this context.
494-497
46
38
INDUSTRIAL SANITATION AND OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE: GLOBAL EVIDENCE, META‐ANALYSES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Industrial sanitation and occupational hygiene are critical disciplines aimed at safeguarding worker health and ensuring product safety by identifying, assessing, and controlling workplace hazards. Recent systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (2019-2025) by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) have revealed the significant burden of disease attributable to occupational exposures including dust, heat, and noise. For example, exposure to silica, asbestos and coal dust among workers is shown to persist at high prevalence levels globally. Meanwhile, excessive heat places more than 70% of the world’s workforce at risk. This paper reviews major hazard categories, presents key global statistics and meta‐analytical findings, analyses international standards, and offers practical recommendations for manufacturing and other industrial workplaces. The goal is to guide policy-makers, occupational health professionals and industry managers in implementing evidence‐based interventions.
498-503
33
11
CORRUPTION IS AN INTERNAL VIRUS THAT DESTROYS THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE LEGAL STATE: THE NEED TO RESTORE THE LEGAL IMMUNITY SYSTEM
Corruption is not a visible form of crime, but a hidden virus that destroys the state organism from within, destroying the legal immunity system. This article interprets corruption not only as a criminal-legal phenomenon, but also as an internal destructive mechanism directed against the normative-legal foundation of the state, a mutation syndrome of legal stability. The author recognizes corruption as an “institutional betrayal” of the system of national security, constitutional stability and social justice. As corruption erodes the rule of law of the state, the legal culture deteriorates, and legal consciousness loses its immunity. As a result, the text of the law loses its meaning and is reduced to the level of only political decoration. In order to stop this process, the article puts forward the concept of a “legal immunity system”.
This system is analyzed as a normative-psychological barrier consisting of human conscience, mechanisms of state responsibility and moral reflexes of society. In the article, the author evaluates the fight against corruption not only as repressive measures, but as a process of normative-moral rehabilitation. Because no matter how perfect the laws are, if the human heart is cut off from honesty, any mechanism of the legal system will remain a “dead norm”.
Therefore, the need for the integration of human conscience, moral codes, institutional guarantees of honesty in public service, and legal preventive mechanisms in restoring legal immunity is justified. The article also sheds light on the psychological dynamics of corruption - the mental conflict between power and profit, the process of moral dissociation, and the phenomenon of conscientious collapse. When human conscience is separated from legal mechanisms, the legal foundation of the state gradually loses its ability to achieve moral goals.
In this way, corruption is shown not only as an economic loss, but also as a legal disease of the national consciousness.
As a result, this scientific work proposes to introduce the concept of “legal immunology” in state systems — that is, to eliminate corruption, it is necessary to form a system of preventive, educational and faith-based antibodies, not only punitive mechanisms. At the heart of the idea is the following alarming truth: “The power that destroys the state does not come from the enemy — from hearts that have refused to be honest.”
This article interprets the fight against corruption not only as a legal obligation, but also as a conscientious mission, an act of protecting the legal genetics of the state.
This system is analyzed as a normative-psychological barrier consisting of human conscience, mechanisms of state responsibility and moral reflexes of society. In the article, the author evaluates the fight against corruption not only as repressive measures, but as a process of normative-moral rehabilitation. Because no matter how perfect the laws are, if the human heart is cut off from honesty, any mechanism of the legal system will remain a “dead norm”.
Therefore, the need for the integration of human conscience, moral codes, institutional guarantees of honesty in public service, and legal preventive mechanisms in restoring legal immunity is justified. The article also sheds light on the psychological dynamics of corruption - the mental conflict between power and profit, the process of moral dissociation, and the phenomenon of conscientious collapse. When human conscience is separated from legal mechanisms, the legal foundation of the state gradually loses its ability to achieve moral goals.
In this way, corruption is shown not only as an economic loss, but also as a legal disease of the national consciousness.
As a result, this scientific work proposes to introduce the concept of “legal immunology” in state systems — that is, to eliminate corruption, it is necessary to form a system of preventive, educational and faith-based antibodies, not only punitive mechanisms. At the heart of the idea is the following alarming truth: “The power that destroys the state does not come from the enemy — from hearts that have refused to be honest.”
This article interprets the fight against corruption not only as a legal obligation, but also as a conscientious mission, an act of protecting the legal genetics of the state.
403-411
37
15
INTERNAL AUDIT RESULTS AND ISSUES OF THEIR PRESENTATION
This article covers the theoretical and practical aspects of forming internal audit results and presenting them to management and stakeholders. It analyzes in detail the role of internal audit in organizational management, the stages of the audit process, the principles of documenting audit results and preparing reports. It also develops methods for effectively presenting internal audit reports based on international standards (IIA, COSO, ISA), practical problems encountered in Uzbek enterprises, and proposals and recommendations for their elimination. The article also covers the role of internal audit in strategic management, the importance of management in decision-making, and the advantages of using modern information technologies.
412-415
27
5
PETROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAMPROPHYRE DYKES IN MOUNT KARATOV AND THEIR ROLE IN THE MAGMATIC EVOLUTION OF THE SOUTHERN NUROTA MOUNTAIN RANGE
Данное исследование посвящено петрологическим характеристикам даек лампрофиров, расположенных в Каратовских горах, и их роли в эволюции магматизма Южно-Нуратинского хребта. Лампрофиры – магматические породы, богатые калием и летучими компонентами, образовавшиеся в условиях додугового и постколлизионного магматизма. В статье на основе обзора литературы рассматривается минеральный состав, петрохимические свойства и геодинамические условия формирования этих даек.
Полученные результаты предоставляют новую информацию об эволюции палеозойской мантии и тектонических процессах в Южно-Нуратинском регионе. Целью исследования является определение роли даек лампрофиров в развитии регионального магматизма.
Полученные результаты предоставляют новую информацию об эволюции палеозойской мантии и тектонических процессах в Южно-Нуратинском регионе. Целью исследования является определение роли даек лампрофиров в развитии регионального магматизма.
416-421
149
10
SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE MODERN EDUCATION SYSTEM
The main goals and objectives of this article are to reflect and analyze the current social functions of the modern education system based on pedagogical analysis based on practical stages. The main essence of the modern educational program system is to analyze the importance of education in society and develop practical recommendations based on pedagogical research. Also, many analyzes and considerations are presented based on the new teaching methodology of our experienced teachers.
422-425
41
7
THE TEACHING PROFESSION, ITS EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT
This article discusses the pedagogical profession, its emergence and development.
426-429
32
17
PROTECTION MEASURES AGAINST HAZARDOUS AND DANGEROUS AGENTS IN THE WORKPLACE: EVIDENCE, CONTROLS AND BEST PRACTICES
Workplace exposure to hazardous and dangerous agents—including chemical, biological, physical and ergonomic risks—remains a major contributor to occupational illness, injury and productivity loss worldwide. Effective protection measures depend on a layered approach: engineering controls, administrative/work-practice controls and personal protective equipment (PPE). Meta-analyses and systematic reviews (2019-2025) indicate that engineering and administrative controls significantly reduce exposure compared to reliance on PPE alone.
This review synthesises international evidence, outlines the hierarchical model of control, evaluates PPE selection and limitations, and offers best practice recommendations for multi-national manufacturing and production environments. The goal is to inform safety professionals and industry managers on evidence-based protective strategies that go beyond the worker-only focus.
This review synthesises international evidence, outlines the hierarchical model of control, evaluates PPE selection and limitations, and offers best practice recommendations for multi-national manufacturing and production environments. The goal is to inform safety professionals and industry managers on evidence-based protective strategies that go beyond the worker-only focus.
430-434
28
8
THE IMPORTANCE OF TOLERANCE IN FORMING THE THINKING OF YOUTH
Today, one of the important tasks is to bring up young people in all respects mature, highly educated and capable, to develop them in the spirit of universal values. The article highlights the importance of tolerance in the formation of tolerant thinking in young people, protection from ideological alien ideas, preparing them for life on the basis of tolerance, and a number of factors in the formation of tolerance.
435-443
17
6
SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION AS A FACTOR OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
This article scientifically analyzes the role and importance of strengthening social protection of the population in economic development. The social protection system is one of the most important areas of the state's economic policy, which ensures sustainable economic growth by increasing the well-being of the population, reducing poverty and developing human capital. The article studies the social protection reforms being carried out in the Republic of Uzbekistan, mechanisms for supporting vulnerable groups of the population, and modern approaches developed on the basis of international experience. Also, the relationship between social protection measures and economic growth indicators is analyzed, and scientific and practical recommendations are given to improve the system.
444-446
34
12
ISSUES OF PREVENTING CORRUPTION IN HIGHER EDUCATION
This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the work being carried out in the field of combating corruption in higher education, theoretical issues and measures in the fight against corruption. The importance of state policy in preventing corruption in the field is also indicated. In addition, many features of the problem in this area are analyzed.
447-449
52
7
THE ROLE OF RELIGIONS IN THE NEW SECULAR WORLD POLITICAL ORDER
This thesis discusses religions in the modern secular world and the new political order. Religion contributes to the formation of civilization and fosters mutual understanding between different peoples. Despite the growing influence of secular ideas, religious traditions continue to exert significant influence on global politics and social development.
450-452
49
6
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PHARMACEUTICALS
This article analyzes the application of artificial intelligence and digital technologies in the pharmaceutical sector, their role in drug development, testing, pharmacy system and improving medical services. It also highlights the effectiveness, advantages and future prospects of the digital transformation process in the pharmaceutical system.
504-508
127
15
HOW TO DEVELOP SPEAKING SKILLS IN STUDENTS
The development of speaking skills is one of the most important aspects of foreign language education. The ability to communicate fluently and accurately is a central goal of language learning, as it enables students to interact effectively in both academic and real-world contexts. This paper examines the significance of speaking competence, explores common challenges students face, and outlines effective pedagogical strategies for developing oral communication skills. Special attention is given to communicative approaches, technology integration, classroom interaction, and the role of the teacher in fostering motivation and confidence. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for enhancing speaking proficiency through continuous assessment and reflective learning.
513-515
37
10
HYPERTENSION DISEASE
Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure) is a widespread chronic disease characterized by a sustained elevation of blood pressure. It often proceeds without severe symptoms but is the main cause of life-threatening complications such as stroke and heart attack. Regular blood pressure monitoring and continuous drug therapy are crucial for successful treatment and complication prevention.
516-519
55
9
IS A NATIVE LANGUAGE USELESS WITHOUT GRAMMAR?
This article highlights the role and importance of grammar in the correct and fluent use of the native language. It analyzes the direct relationship between the beauty of the language, expressive possibilities, and clarity of meaning and adherence to grammatical rules.
It discusses the factors that lead to the incomprehensibility of speech without grammar, distortion of thought, and decline in language culture. It also argues that grammar is an important tool that forms the basis of the structure of the language and makes it understandable to others.
It discusses the factors that lead to the incomprehensibility of speech without grammar, distortion of thought, and decline in language culture. It also argues that grammar is an important tool that forms the basis of the structure of the language and makes it understandable to others.
520-523
35
18
THE MAIN CATEGORIES OF THE SCIENCE OF PEDAGOGY
This article discusses the main categories of the science of pedagogy.
524-531
34
3
ADVANTAGES OF RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION USING RECYCLED AND NATURAL MATERIALS
This article provides a detailed scientific and practical analysis of the advantages of constructing houses using recycled and natural materials. Studies indicate that the use of recycled materials helps reduce construction waste, conserve natural resources, and promote environmentally sustainable construction practices. Natural materials, on the other hand, enhance human health, improve indoor climate conditions, regulate humidity, and provide effective thermal insulation. Consequently, combining recycled and natural materials increases energy efficiency, reduces construction costs, and creates long-term sustainable living environments.
The article examines practical experiences from Germany, Sweden, Norway, and Uzbekistan, demonstrating that the integration of recycled and natural materials significantly improves energy efficiency, reduces environmental impact, and maintains a healthy indoor environment. Additionally, the study discusses the benefits and limitations of these materials, along with ecological, economic, and technical aspects. The findings suggest that this construction approach is an effective solution for developing energy-efficient, sustainable, and healthy homes for future generations. This research contributes to expanding knowledge in modern construction practices, focusing on sustainable and energy-saving building solutions.
The article examines practical experiences from Germany, Sweden, Norway, and Uzbekistan, demonstrating that the integration of recycled and natural materials significantly improves energy efficiency, reduces environmental impact, and maintains a healthy indoor environment. Additionally, the study discusses the benefits and limitations of these materials, along with ecological, economic, and technical aspects. The findings suggest that this construction approach is an effective solution for developing energy-efficient, sustainable, and healthy homes for future generations. This research contributes to expanding knowledge in modern construction practices, focusing on sustainable and energy-saving building solutions.
266-274
35
34
SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL BASIS OF A LAWYER'S PARTICIPATION IN THE COURT PROCEDURE
The purpose of the article is to explore the theoretical foundations of the participation of a lawyer in the trial, as well as to consider his role and functions within the framework of the trial. The work analyzes scientific approaches and legal concepts that determine the participation of a lawyer in the process, his influence on the outcome of the case, as well as problems related to the legal regulation of advocacy in the judicial system. Particular attention is paid to the independence of the lawyer, his interaction with the court and the parties to the process, as well as his responsibilities to protect the rights of the client. The article is aimed at improving the understanding of the role of the lawyer in the modern judicial process and offers recommendations for improving the institution of advocacy.
275-279
169
18
TA’LIMNING INTERAKTIV STRATEGIYALARI VA TA’LIM METODLARI
In this study, it is important to establish educational state programs and pedagogical methods based on interactive educational strategies, based on modern trends in education. The main goal of modern methods based on interactive educational strategies is to increase the effectiveness of education and increase the student's interest in learning. This study provides information on the advantages of collaborative learning based on educational methods.
280-285
133
11
MAIN DIRECTIONS OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES AND PREVIOUS EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES
This study provides information on pedagogical methods used in educational areas based on international experience. It is based on the results of research on improving the quality of education based on new innovative international experiences based on modern models of education.
The stages of development of collaborative learning in educational area models are given as examples. The teaching system in the field of collaborative learning helps to improve the teamwork skills of these students. In the results of this pedagogical research, we can see analytical results that can be applied in all areas of education.
The stages of development of collaborative learning in educational area models are given as examples. The teaching system in the field of collaborative learning helps to improve the teamwork skills of these students. In the results of this pedagogical research, we can see analytical results that can be applied in all areas of education.
286-289
72
7
WAYS TO EFFECTIVELY IMPLEMENT THE REFLECTION METHOD IN PRIMARY GRADES
В данной тезисной работе раскрываются теоретические основы и практические пути эффективного внедрения метода рефлексии в начальных классах.
Рефлексия способствует развитию у учащихся навыков самооценки, анализа полученных знаний и умений, а также самостоятельного мышления. В тезисе представлены визуальные, устные, письменные и игровые формы рефлексии, раскрываются их преимущества и способы интеграции в учебный процесс. Также обоснована роль рефлексии в повышении мотивации и активности младших школьников. Приведены методические рекомендации для педагогов.
Рефлексия способствует развитию у учащихся навыков самооценки, анализа полученных знаний и умений, а также самостоятельного мышления. В тезисе представлены визуальные, устные, письменные и игровые формы рефлексии, раскрываются их преимущества и способы интеграции в учебный процесс. Также обоснована роль рефлексии в повышении мотивации и активности младших школьников. Приведены методические рекомендации для педагогов.
290-292
43
6
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ENSURING FINANCIAL SECURITY IN COMMERCIAL BANKS BASED ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPLIANCE CONTROL.
Financial crimes and money laundering are also on the rise within the European Union. According to Eurojust, the number of money laundering cases registered internationally has doubled in the past six years, amounting to 2-5% of global GDP each year. Therefore, in international practice, the compliance control system plays a central role in preventing financial fraud, corruption and illegal transactions, as well as ensuring that banking activities comply with the law, ethical norms and international standards.
93-94
28
4
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS OF LYMPH NODES IN STRESS-RELATED IMMUNODEFICIENCY
Chronic stress disrupts immune homeostasis through neuroendocrine pathways and leads to increased susceptibility to infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. Lymph nodes, as the main peripheral immune organs, are directly affected by stress hormones such as glucocorticoids and catecholamines. Identifying histological alterations in lymph nodes is essential for predicting immunodepression and designing prophylactic measures.
295-298
31
9
THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN EDUCATING STUDENTS ON THE BASIS OF NATIONAL VALUES
This article examines the topic "Effective ways of educating students based on national values". The article analyzes the role of national values in the educational process, their importance in the personal and social development of students. Combining elements of national values, culture, traditions and upbringing, effective methods of forming patriotism, moral qualities and cultural identity in students are considered. The article also provides information on the role of teachers and educators, methods of integrating national values in educational programs and modern pedagogical approaches. As a result, the article offers strategies necessary for educating students based on national values and emphasizes the social significance of this process. This study aims to contribute to the upbringing of the future generation as healthy and spiritually mature individuals.
299-301
32
7
THE ROLE OF COORDINATION ABILITY WITH INTEGRAL DIFFERENCE IN THE PERFORMANCE OF MOVEMENTS
This article discusses the role of coordination ability with integral difference in the performance of movements and the role of agility in sports.
302-304
42
10
INCREASING YIELD AND SEED QUALITY THROUGH REPEATED CROP PLANTING OF HEMP IN TYPICAL BAD SOIL CONDITIONS OF TASHKENT REGION
This article analyzes the experiences of growing hemp as a repeated crop on typical gray soils of the Tashkent region. The study covers the agrotechnical characteristics of planting hemp as a repeated crop, its impact on soil fertility, and indicators related to yield and seed quality. The focus is on the issues of efficient use of land resources, improving the crop rotation system, and ensuring environmental sustainability through planting hemp. The results of the study demonstrate the economic and agronomic advantages of hemp as a repeated crop, demonstrating it as a factor of sustainable production in agriculture.
305-309
43
68
LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF SOME LEXEMAS RELATED TO KIPCHOK DIALECT OF KASHKADARYA REGION
In the article, some words of the Kipchak dialect of the Uzbek language, actively used in the dialect of the population living in the Kashkadarya region, are phonetically and lexically compared with the words of the literary language and existing dialects, analyzed, and comments are made about it. Also, lexical units in the dialect are compared to "Devonu Lugotit Turk" and Uzbek dialects. In the analysis of examples, a number of linguistic methods, such as comparison, comparative-historical are effectively used.
310-314
37
15
CREATION AND TESTING OF BUILDING MATERIALS WITH WATERPROOF AND WATERPROOFING PROPERTIES
In modern construction practice, the long service life of buildings and structures, their energy efficiency and the stability of internal microclimate conditions depend on a number of technical and material properties. Among them, water resistance and waterproofing indicators are of great importance, which ensure the strength of buildings, protect the internal environment from moisture, and extend the life of building materials. In turn, the use of water-resistant materials can prevent water from entering the structure of buildings and negatively affecting structural elements.
315-317
31
13
POETRY - A MIRACLE HIDDEN IN LINES SPOUTED FROM THE HEART
This thesis discusses the extent to which poetry affects the spiritual world of humanity, its coexistence in spatial and temporal synchrony with the soul, the power of word magic, the magical world of poets, the harmony of sentences, moments of inspiration, the proportionality of rhymes, the connection of the literary world with the human psyche, and the art of conveying the most delicate feelings hidden in hearts to other representatives of the soul under beautiful sentences.
318-323
39
30
WAYS TO INCREASE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY WITH THE HELP OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
This scientific work thoroughly analyzes the role of digital technologies in various sectors of the economy and their impact on economic efficiency. In the context of global digitalization processes, the study examines the opportunities provided by the implementation of digital technologies to increase production volumes, reduce costs, use resources efficiently, and optimize management systems. The research substantiates ways to improve economic efficiency through the use of artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing technologies, and automated information systems. Additionally, the paper analyzes the prospects and existing challenges of developing a digital economy in the context of Uzbekistan. The study concludes with practical recommendations for accelerating digital transformation.
191-195
70
11
FACTORS INFLUENCING UPBRINGING AND STAGES OF UPBRINGING FORMATION
This study provides information about modern methods of upbringing, the stages of upbringing and the upbringing of young people. The thoughts of our great thinkers about upbringing, as well as comments on the methods of upbringing, are given. The development of a person's worldview through upbringing is described as a spiritually mature, perfect person. In modern models of upbringing, the relationship between the teacher and the student is inextricably linked to the family circle in which the child is raised.
196-199
27
9
THE CONCEPT OF “FLOWER” IN FOLK POEMS
This article analyzes the concept of “flower” in Karakalpak folk poems from a linguoculturological perspective. The works of researchers who have specifically studied folk poetry are discussed. In revealing the semantics of the units within the conceptual field of the word “flower”, the cultural features of the people are taken as the basis.
200-201
26
9
HISTOLOGICAL REMODELING OF THE THYMUS UNDER STRESS-INDUCED SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY
The increasing prevalence of psychosocial stressors, malnutrition, and environmental factors has significantly contributed to the development of secondary immunodeficiency worldwide.
The thymus, as the central organ of T-lymphocyte maturation, is one of the most stress-sensitive structures. Understanding thymic morphological damage under stress is crucial for early diagnosis, prevention, and development of therapeutic strategies in clinical immunology and pathomorphology.
The thymus, as the central organ of T-lymphocyte maturation, is one of the most stress-sensitive structures. Understanding thymic morphological damage under stress is crucial for early diagnosis, prevention, and development of therapeutic strategies in clinical immunology and pathomorphology.
202-204
34
12
YUQORI MALAKALI VA RAQOBATBARDOSH MUTAXASSIS KADRLAR TAYYORLASHDA OLIY TA’LIMNING O’RNI
This article examines the topic "The role of higher education in the training of highly qualified and competitive specialists." The article analyzes the importance of the higher education system in the development of the modern economy and society, as well as its role in training competitive specialists. The integration of educational programs of higher educational institutions with scientific research and practice, as well as innovative approaches aimed at developing students' professional skills, are considered. The article also discusses international experiences in training highly qualified personnel and their application in the conditions of Uzbekistan. As a result, the article identifies the strategies necessary in the process of improving the quality of higher education and training competitive specialists. This study aims to contribute to the socio-economic development of the country by improving the higher education system.
205-209
55
17
ANALYSIS OF SOME LEXEMES IN THE DIALECT OF KAMASHI DISTRICT OF KASHKADARYA REGION
In the article, some words that are actively used in the dialect of the Qamashi district, which is part of the Kipchak dialect of the Uzbek language, are phonetically and lexically compared with words in the literary language and existing dialects, and comments are made about it. Moreover, lexical units in the dialect are compared to “Devonu Lugotit Turk” and Uzbek dialects. Comparative, comparative-historical linguistic methods are used effectively in the analysis of examples.
210-213
36
17
ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ТРАДИЦИОННОГО И ИГРОВОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ В ПРЕПОДАВАНИИ ПЕДАГОГИКИ
This article explores the relationship between traditional and game-based learning technologies in the teaching of pedagogy as an academic discipline. The study demonstrates that the optimal combination of traditional lecture and seminar formats with game-based technologies facilitates a deeper acquisition of theoretical knowledge and the development of practical skills in students majoring in pedagogy.
214-217
63
11
DIGITAL CURRENCIES' IMPACT ON TRADITIONAL MONETARY SYSTEMS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BITCOIN AND CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCIES
This article examines the transformative impact of digital currencies on conventional monetary systems through a comparative analysis of Bitcoin and Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). The research synthesizes existing literature to evaluate how decentralized cryptocurrencies and state-backed digital currencies challenge traditional banking infrastructure, monetary policy transmission, and financial intermediation. This research contributes to understanding how digital monetary innovations reshape the architecture of global financial systems and the future trajectory of monetary sovereignty.
218-220
41
5
SUD HOKIMIYATI MUSTAQILLIGINING KONSTITUSIYAVIY ASOSLARI
О‘zbekiston Respublikasi Konstitusiyasining mamlakatimiz taraqqiyoti, jamiyatimizning rivoji hamda inson huquq va erkinliklarini ta’minlashdagi ahamiyati beqiyosdir. Konstitusiyada mustahkamlab qо‘yilgan inson huquqlari va erkinliklarini ta’minlashda, jamiyatda qonuniylik va sud hokimiyatining chinakam mustaqilligini ta’minlashda alohida о‘rin tutadi.
221-225
128
6
YOSHLARNI OILA TURMUSHIGA VA OTA-ONA BO’LISH JARAYONIDA EMOTSIONAL KOMPETENSIYA, EMPATIYA TRENINGLARNI O’RNI
Ushbu tadqiqotda yoshlarni oila turmushiga tayyorlash va ota-ona bo’lish jarayonida emotsional kompetensiyaga oid treninglarni ahamiyati haqida ma’lumotlar keltirib o’tiladi. Shuningdek, emotsional kompetensiya va empatiya treninglarni amalga oshirish bosqichlari haqida batafsil ma’lumotlar beriladi. Oilada turli psixologik muammolar vujudga kelsa yoshlarni psixologik treninglar orqali bir-birini tushinishiga yordam berish mumkin.
Yoshlarga oila muqaddasligini tushintirish, ularning oilaviy muhitini yaxshilashga yordam berish, ularni oilaviy turmushdagi ko’nikmalarini oshirish bo’yicha mulohazalar tahlil qilinadi.
Yoshlarga oila muqaddasligini tushintirish, ularning oilaviy muhitini yaxshilashga yordam berish, ularni oilaviy turmushdagi ko’nikmalarini oshirish bo’yicha mulohazalar tahlil qilinadi.
226-229
64
14
ENERGIYA TEJAMKOR MONOLIT KONSTRUKSIYALAR UCHUN ISSIQLIK IZOLYATSIYALANGAN BETONLAR
Energiya tejamkor qurilish materiallari va texnologiyalarini qo‘llash bugungi kunda global miqyosda dolzarb masalalardan biri hisoblanadi. Qurilish sohasida energiya tejamkorligini ta’minlash, qurilish materiallari ishlab chiqarish jarayonida tabiiy resurslar sarfini kamaytirish va issiqlik yo‘qotishlarni minimallashtirish iqtisodiy hamda ekologik samaradorlikni oshiradi. Ayniqsa, sovuq iqlimli hududlarda foydalaniladigan binolarda issiqlik energiyasini tejash ko‘rsatkichlari qurilish sifatini baholashda muhim mezon hisoblanadi.
230-233
36
7
SUD TIZIMIDA KADRLAR TAYYORLASHNI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH MASALALARI
In this thesis, the author discusses the reforms being carried out to bring the justice system of the Republic of Uzbekistan into the ranks of developed democratic states, as well as the legal acts adopted to improve the system of training qualified personnel.
234-236
32
5
ОБЗОР И АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ МЕТОДОВ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ФОСФОРСОДЕРЖАЩИХ УДОБРЕНИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ НИЗКОСОРТНЫХ ФОСФОРИТОВ
Несмотря на огромные достижения человечества, связанные с внедрением организационных, технических и технологических новшеств в земледелии и животноводстве, обеспеченность продовольствием населения мира в XX веке оставалась неудовлетворительной. Это определило и проблемы нового века. Обострение мировой продовольственной проблемы в XXI веке обусловлено, главным образом, более высокими темпами роста населения и резким сокращением таких основных ресурсов, как пахотно – пригодные земли, запасы пресной воды, источники энергии, необходимые для производства сельскохозяйственной продукции.
237-238
133
12
FUQAROLARNING DAVLAT BOSHQARUVIDA ISHTIROK ETISH HUQUQINING KONSTITUTSIYAVIY KAFOLATLARI
Ushbu tezisda O‘zbekiston Respublikasining yangi tahrirdagi Konstitutsiyasi doirasida fuqarolarning davlat boshqaruvida ishtirok etish huquqining mazmun-mohiyati, huquqiy asoslari hamda amaliyotdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Yangi Konstitutsiyada “Inson – jamiyat – davlat” tamoyili bosh g‘oya sifatida belgilangan bo‘lib, davlat siyosatining markazida inson manfaatlarini ta’minlashga alohida urg‘u berilgan. Fuqarolarning davlat boshqaruvida ishtiroki saylov, referendum, jamoatchilik nazorati, murojaatlar instituti, nodavlat notijorat tashkilotlar va ommaviy axborot vositalari orqali amalga oshiriladi. Maqolada ushbu institutlarning samaradorligi, mavjud muammolar va ularni bartaraf etish yo‘nalishlari yoritilgan.
Xulosa sifatida, fuqarolarning davlat boshqaruvida faol ishtirok etishi demokratik jamiyatni shakllantirish va davlat javobgarligini kuchaytirishda muhim omil ekanligi ta’kidlanadi.
Xulosa sifatida, fuqarolarning davlat boshqaruvida faol ishtirok etishi demokratik jamiyatni shakllantirish va davlat javobgarligini kuchaytirishda muhim omil ekanligi ta’kidlanadi.
239-243
39
8
РОЛЬ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ В СИСТЕМЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ КОМПАНИЕЙ
Данная статья посвящена изучению важности построения правильной организационной культуры в процессе непрерывного развития компании. В современных условиях хозяйствования благодаря высокоразвитой организационной культуре возможно создать такую социально-экономическую атмосферу, которая позволит компании достичь высокой производительности и успешности на рынке. В статье рассматриваются особенности, компоненты, факторы развития организационной культуры организации. Исследование освещает, что организационная культура становится важнейшим фактором влияния на формирование результатов и успехов деятельности компании. Это положение подтверждают экономические показатели производительность, прибыль и неэкономические показатели трудовая активность сотрудников, удовлетворённость трудовой деятельностью.
532-536
26
8
QRIM-TATAR MUSIQIY OHANGI MERZIYA XALITOVA SIMFONIK IJODIDA
Mazkur maqolada qrim-tatar xalqining sevimli kompozitori Merziya Xalitovaning simfonik ijodida milliy musiqiy ohangining o‘rni va madaniy xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Hamda, simfonik asarlarida qrim-tatar xalq kuylarining ohangi, ritmik va lad-garmonik xususiyatlari qay uslubda musiqiy til vositalari orqali talqin etilgani ochib beriladi. Shuningdek, M.Xalitova ijodining qrim-tatar musiqiy merosini saqlash va uni professional san’at darajasiga ko‘tarishdagi ahamiyati ko‘rsatib beriladi.
244-246
45
8
AUDIO-AUSKULTATSION TRENING USULI ORQALI BO‘LAJAK SHIFOKORLARNING KASBIY KOMPETENTLIGINI RIVOJLANTIRISH METODIKASI
This study is devoted to the study of the methodology of developing professional competence of future doctors through the audio-auscultation training method. Using an example from the discipline of pediatric propaedeutics, it was shown that structured audio exercises serve to increase students' diagnostic skills, auditory sensitivity, clinical thinking and confidence in working with patients. The results of the study confirm that audio-auscultation training is an effective tool in training competent and patient-oriented doctors in modern medical education.
247-249
44
11
THE IMPACT OF REGULAR PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE ACADEMIC ACTIVITY OF MEDICAL STUDENTS
This article studies the impact of regular physical exercise on the academic performance of medical students. The study analyzes such aspects as increased attention and concentration, stress reduction, strengthening mental stability, and increasing academic performance through physical activity. It also examines how the combination of group and individual exercises affects social communication, cooperation, and personal development. The results show that regular physical activity is an effective tool for students to form a healthy lifestyle, improve sleep quality, and increase professional preparation.
537-540
57
16
THE IMPORTANCE OF APPLYING LITERARY LANGUAGE NORMS IN COMMUNICATION
This article explores the importance of adhering to literary language norms in communication. The literary language represents the cultural level, national identity, and intellectual development of a society. Proper use of linguistic norms – including lexical, phonetic, grammatical, and stylistic standards – plays a crucial role in ensuring effective communication, shaping speech culture, and fostering mutual respect among speakers.
The paper emphasizes that deviation from literary norms through excessive use of dialects, slang, or informal expressions can negatively affect the clarity, expressiveness, and overall quality of speech. Furthermore, it highlights that the observance of literary standards is not only a matter of linguistic correctness but also an essential indicator of one’s communicative competence and cultural refinement. In conclusion, maintaining literary language norms in everyday and professional interactions enhances both the aesthetic and ethical value of communication, contributing to the preservation and development of the national language and culture.
The paper emphasizes that deviation from literary norms through excessive use of dialects, slang, or informal expressions can negatively affect the clarity, expressiveness, and overall quality of speech. Furthermore, it highlights that the observance of literary standards is not only a matter of linguistic correctness but also an essential indicator of one’s communicative competence and cultural refinement. In conclusion, maintaining literary language norms in everyday and professional interactions enhances both the aesthetic and ethical value of communication, contributing to the preservation and development of the national language and culture.
541-543
34
8
USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DATABASES
This article discusses the relevance, advantages and practical possibilities of using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in database science. In today's digital era, the rapid increase in the volume of data increases the need for their effective analysis. Artificial intelligence algorithms play an important role in database management, optimization, ensuring security and generating results that meet user needs. The article presents proposals for improving the educational process in this area in technical schools and developing students' practical skills.
544-547
39
15
SPEAKING ASSESSMENT IN THE DIGITAL AGE: CHALLENGES, INNOVATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES
This article explоres the intricate challenges of assessing speaking skills in English language exams, examining the cоmplex dynamics between examiner subjectivity, task design, and their prоfound influence оn the valid measurement of a candidate's cоmmunicative cоmpetence. The backdrоp of the assessment is set within the highly persоnal and ephemeral nature of spоken interaction, where candidates are cоnfrоnted with bоth the psychоlоgical pressures оf perfоrmance and the methоdolоgical cоnstraints of standardized testing. Thrоugh a cоmprehensive analysis of rating criteria and task types, this paper illuminates the nuanced dimensiоns of speaking prоficiency by including the interplay between analytical scales and the lived experience оf the test-taker. This study seeks tо reveal the intercоnnectedness of external testing frameworks, the uncharted territоry оf individual perfоrmance, and their impact оn the final assessment оutcоme by cоnducting a cоmparative analysis оf live and technоlоgy-mediated fоrmats. Readers are presented with an opportunity to reflect upon the significant consequences of these methodological choices, encоmpassing the pursuit of fairness and reliability, as well as the intricate balance between quantifying language ability and capturing the authentic, fluid nature of human speech within the cоntext of high-stakes evaluation.
548-550
50
11
THE TRANSLATION OF CULTURAL REFERENCES IN CONTEMPORARY FICTION: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES
This study explores the challenges and strategies involved in translating cultural references in contemporary fiction. Cultural references, such as idioms, historical events, traditions, and social practices, often present significant difficulties for translators because they carry meanings that are deeply rooted in the source culture. The research highlights how achieving equivalence between source and target texts requires both linguistic and cultural competence. Drawing on theoretical approaches such as domestication and foreignization, the paper examines how translators negotiate between preserving the authenticity of the original work and ensuring comprehensibility for the target audience. It argues that effective translation of cultural references depends on context-sensitive decision-making rather than strict adherence to one strategy. Ultimately, the study concludes that successful translation of cultural elements allows readers from different backgrounds to access the same emotional and aesthetic experience intended by the author, thus maintaining the cultural integrity and literary value of the original text.
551-554
47
9
THE HARMONY OF AESTHETIC BEAUTY AND MORAL VALUES IN ZULFIYA’S POETICS
This article explores the intricate harmony between aesthetic beauty and moral values in the poetry of Zulfiya Isroilova, one of Uzbekistan’s most influential literary figures of the 20th century. As a poet whose creative legacy intertwines with the moral and cultural evolution of Uzbek society, Zulfiya’s works embody a unique synthesis of lyrical sensitivity and ethical consciousness. Her verses reflect the ideals of human dignity, purity of thought, love for the homeland, and the spiritual strength of women. Through her poetics, Zulfiya established a powerful connection between form and meaning, where the beauty of the word serves as a vehicle for ethical reflection. The article analyzes how aesthetic elegance in Zulfiya’s poetry is never detached from her moral stance — rather, it becomes a means of elevating the reader’s spiritual awareness. The study argues that Zulfiya’s poetry not only contributed to the enrichment of Uzbek literary aesthetics but also functioned as a mirror of the nation’s moral awakening and cultural renaissance. Her verses continue to inspire readers to uphold honesty, compassion, and devotion to both humanity and the homeland — values that remain central to Uzbekistan’s contemporary moral consciousness.
555-557
30
18
MECHANISMS FOR THE FORMATION OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
The scientific article provides a broad overview of the types and mechanisms of any educational work carried out by the school to shape the lifestyle of primary school students.
558-561
94
18
THE ROLE OF VISUAL LEARNING IN BIOLOGY EDUCATION
This article examines the significance and effectiveness of visual learning tools in teaching biology. Contemporary pedagogical research demonstrates that visual materials significantly enhance the understanding of biological concepts. The findings suggest that integrating visual learning strategies into biology curricula can substantially improve educational outcomes and foster deeper conceptual understanding among learners across diverse educational contexts.
562-566
52
10
MARKERLARGA ASOSLANGAN SELEKSIYA USULIDA YARATILGAN TIZMALARNING TOLA SIFAT KO`RSATGICHLARI
This article highlights the importance and advantages of using Marker-Based Selection (MBS) in cotton breeding, as well as its application in breeding processes. In particular, the Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) method allows for a significant increase in the accuracy and effectiveness of the selection process. In cotton breeding, the MAS method plays an important role in increasing varietal purity and improving product quality. One of the important traits in cotton breeding is fiber quality. The quality of cotton fiber is determined by key factors such as fiber length, fiber strength, fiber fineness, fiber color, and fiber cleanliness. The fiber quality indicators of lines obtained from initial materials developed using the Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) method were determined and scientifically analyzed.
568-574
60
14
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INCLUSIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY FOR NEURODIVERGENT LEARNERS
This study explores the effectiveness of inclusive English language teaching methodology for neurodivergent learners and examines how adapted pedagogical strategies can enhance linguistic, cognitive, and emotional outcomes. The research is based on the principles of inclusive education, neurodiversity, and universal design for learning, emphasizing that individual differences among learners should be recognized as strengths rather than limitations.
The study analyses how differentiated instruction, multisensory learning, and assistive technologies contribute to improved communication skills, attention regulation, and classroom engagement of learners with autism spectrum disorder, dyslexia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It also highlights the essential role of teacher training, emotional support, and structured learning environments in promoting equal participation and reducing anxiety among neurodivergent students. Findings indicate that inclusive methodology not only improves academic achievement but also supports psychological well-being and social integration. The research concludes that inclusive English language teaching transforms diversity into a source of educational enrichment and provides a sustainable model for equitable and effective language learning in the modern educational context.
The study analyses how differentiated instruction, multisensory learning, and assistive technologies contribute to improved communication skills, attention regulation, and classroom engagement of learners with autism spectrum disorder, dyslexia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It also highlights the essential role of teacher training, emotional support, and structured learning environments in promoting equal participation and reducing anxiety among neurodivergent students. Findings indicate that inclusive methodology not only improves academic achievement but also supports psychological well-being and social integration. The research concludes that inclusive English language teaching transforms diversity into a source of educational enrichment and provides a sustainable model for equitable and effective language learning in the modern educational context.
576-580
43
6
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INCLUSIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY FOR NEURODIVERGENT LEARNERS
This study examines the effectiveness of inclusive English language teaching methods designed to support neurodivergent learners. It highlights the significance of adapting educational practices to meet diverse cognitive and emotional needs in order to promote equal participation and academic success. The research applies both quantitative and qualitative approaches to measure improvements in linguistic skills, classroom engagement, and emotional well-being. Results indicate that inclusive and adaptive teaching strategies such as individualized instruction, visual and auditory learning tools, and emotional support significantly enhance performance and confidence among neurodivergent students. The study concludes that inclusive English teaching not only improves language outcomes but also cultivates empathy, cooperation, and social understanding within the classroom environment.
453-462
24
17
WAYS TO ORGANIZE AND DEVELOP THE ACTIVITIES OF CRYPTO EXCHANGES
This article analyzes the economic, technological and organizational aspects of organizing the activities of crypto exchanges. At a time when the crypto-asset market has become an important component of the global financial system, the prospects for the development of this sector are of particular importance for Uzbekistan. The study covers the stages of formation of crypto-exchanges, their mechanisms of operation based on blockchain technology, and regulatory practice using international experience. Also, the existing legal framework for the development of the crypto-asset market in our country, the current state of the infrastructure and investment environment, and scientifically based proposals and recommendations on ways to improve them were developed. The results of the article are of practical importance for the development of the digital economy in Uzbekistan, the widespread introduction of financial technologies, and the formation of a national crypto-exchange system.
463-473
39
18
WAYS TO REDUCE PROBLEM LOANS IN BANKS
This scientific article covers the issues of reducing the volume of problem loans (non-performing loans – NPL) in commercial banks from a theoretical and practical perspective.
The study provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of problem loans on the stability of the banking system, liquidity level and capital adequacy, and develops modern directions for their reduction. The article presents statistical analyses for 2020–2024 using the example of Uzbek commercial banks, and substantiates ways to reduce the share of problem loans through credit risk management, restructuring, improvement of collateral policy, and the introduction of digital technologies. It also analyzes the role of Basel III standards, international practices, and Central Bank policy. As a result, practical recommendations have been developed to ensure financial stability and improve the quality of the loan portfolio in the banking system of Uzbekistan.
The study provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of problem loans on the stability of the banking system, liquidity level and capital adequacy, and develops modern directions for their reduction. The article presents statistical analyses for 2020–2024 using the example of Uzbek commercial banks, and substantiates ways to reduce the share of problem loans through credit risk management, restructuring, improvement of collateral policy, and the introduction of digital technologies. It also analyzes the role of Basel III standards, international practices, and Central Bank policy. As a result, practical recommendations have been developed to ensure financial stability and improve the quality of the loan portfolio in the banking system of Uzbekistan.
474-477
36
6
SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES OF THE LIBRARIES OF NEW UZBEKISTAN
This article is about the libraries of Uzbekistan, which are moving in step with the times. It talks about what a modern library should be, meeting world standards, and what to pay attention to when creating the external and internal appearance of a library. In addition, the activities of the IFLA organization, which unites many libraries around the world, and its useful aspects for our field are relevant.
478-
70
14
A STUDY OF ENGLISH TERMINOLOGY USED IN THE BANKING SECTOR
This article reviews the history of the study of banking terminology in English. It also highlights changes in the meaning of the terms under study, their correspondence to other words, and words borrowed from other languages.
481-490
32
8
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN THE FUEL AND ENERGY INDUSTRY
This article analyzes the issues of investment management in the fuel and energy industry from an economic, organizational and institutional perspective. It extensively covers the issues of increasing the efficiency of investment activities, rational distribution of capital investments, risk reduction and development of public-private partnership mechanisms.
The study substantiates the relevance of modernizing the energy system in the Republic of Uzbekistan, attracting investments in renewable energy sources, creating a guarantee environment for foreign investors and introducing the principles of the "green economy". At the end of the article, practical proposals and recommendations are developed to improve investment processes in the fuel and energy sector.
The study substantiates the relevance of modernizing the energy system in the Republic of Uzbekistan, attracting investments in renewable energy sources, creating a guarantee environment for foreign investors and introducing the principles of the "green economy". At the end of the article, practical proposals and recommendations are developed to improve investment processes in the fuel and energy sector.
491-493
42
20
DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET IN UZBEKISTAN
This article analyzes the current state of Uzbekistan’s pharmaceutical market, the main development trends observed in recent years, and its future economic and innovative prospects. The paper discusses production volumes, import-export indicators, investment climate, government policy, and the share of local manufacturers in achieving pharmaceutical independence. Based on analytical results, practical recommendations for further development of the sector are provided.
494-499
50
7
IMPRESSIONISM: HOW ARTISTS CHANGED THE WORLDVIEW OF PAINTING
This article analyzes the impact of Impressionism, which emerged in the late 19th century, on the philosophical and aesthetic transformation of art. The study focuses on the unique approach of Impressionist painters to perception, light, and color. It highlights the role of Impressionism in shaping the principles of subjective emotion, individuality, and artistic freedom. The findings indicate that Impressionism represents a crucial stage in the transition of art from realism to modernism, redefining the relationship between the artist and visual perception.
500-508
26
11
THE ROLE OF MONETARY POLICY IN ENSURING THE STABILITY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY AND THE WORLD FINANCIAL MARKET
This article scientifically analyzes the role of monetary policy in ensuring the stability of the national economy and adapting to changes in the global financial system. The study examines the practical measures of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan to target inflation management, improve interest rate policy, and maintain the stability of the national currency. It also analyzes the impact of global inflation, interest rate growth, and geopolitical risks observed in the world financial market on the economy of Uzbekistan. At the end of the article, promising areas for further improving monetary policy in the country are developed - the introduction of a digital soum, adjusting interest rate policy, increasing the liquidity of the banking system, and strengthening international financial integration.
509-511
48
8
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS. HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY SYSTEM. THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS. ADRENAL GLANDS
This article examines the fundamental physiological mechanisms of endocrine gland function, their role in maintaining homeostasis and regulating metabolic processes in the body. Particular attention is paid to the hypothalamic-pituitary system as the central link in neuroendocrine regulation, as well as the structure and functions of the thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands. Hormones, their biological effects, and the relationships between the various levels of the endocrine system are described.
512-514
23
8
LUTFIY'S SKILL IN USING METAPHORS
This article analyzes Lutfi's skill in creating figurative art. Giving an example to prove an idea, the role of the given example in proving an idea is analyzed. It is revealed through examples that the poet's artistic thinking plays a major role in the creation of figurative art.
515-517
58
16
BIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON FYODOR MIKHAILOVICH DOSTOEVSKY'S "MOONLIT NIGHTS"
This article analyzes Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky’s novel “White Nights” through the lens of the biographical method. The study highlights the writer’s inner psychological conflicts and the contrast between the imaginary and the real world. Furthermore, the article interprets the social and emotional characteristics of the era in which Dostoevsky lived using a biographical approach.
518-521
385
12
ABDULLA AVLONIYNING “TURKIY GULISTON YOXUD AXLOQ” ASARINING STRUKTURAL TAHLILI
This article presents a philosophical and structural analysis of Abdulla Avloni’s work “Turkiy Guliston yoxud Axloq” (“The Turkic Garden or Morality”). The paper explores the ethical, scientific, and humanistic ideas advanced by the author, as well as the structural composition, linguistic, and stylistic features of the work from a scholarly perspective.
The study also highlights Avloni’s intellectual views in connection with the socio-cultural context of his time, his spiritual legacy, and its relevance in modern educational and moral development.
The study also highlights Avloni’s intellectual views in connection with the socio-cultural context of his time, his spiritual legacy, and its relevance in modern educational and moral development.
522-525
66
10
XOLID HUSAYNIYNINING HAYOTI VA IJODI (“SHAMOL ORTIDAN YUGURIB”) ASARI MISOLIDA
The article discusses the life and literary work of Khaled Hosseini, a writer of Afghan origin, and the distinctive features of his creations. The purpose of the article is to show Uzbek readers the reasons behind the emergence of Hosseini’s works, the extent to which the events in his novels are connected to his personal life, and to analyze the novel “The Kite Runner” using the biographical method. The study aims to provide Uzbek readers with a comprehensive and deep understanding of Hosseini’s literary world and to introduce them to his works more closely.
526-529
54
14
XAMSADA SALAFLAR TA’RIFI
This article discusses the description of the predecessors (Salafs) in the chapters of Hazrat Alisher Navoi’s “Khamsa”, who continued the tradition of Khamsachilik (writing a cycle of five epics). It highlights the differences between the chapters dedicated to the three renowned and influential poets who left a great mark on this tradition — Abdurahman Jami, Nizami Ganjavi, and Khusrau Dehlavi — and explains how each of them is portrayed in different epics. In each of his works, Navoi expresses unique views about every predecessor, and none of them are repeated.
530-533
157
28
ALISHER NAVOIYNING “LISON UT-TAYR” DOSTONI VA UNDAGI “SHAYX SAN’ON” HIKOYATI TAHLILI
In the work the great thinker Alisher Navoi’s masterpiece “Lison ut-Tayr” (“The Language of the Birds”) and its story “Shaykh San’an.” It explores the Sufi ideas embodied within the work, particularly the human journey toward spiritual perfection, the stages of attaining divine truth, and the process of inner purification, all interpreted through the lens of Sufi philosophy. Furthermore, the article emphasizes Alisher Navoi’s unique perspective on Sufism and the Naqshbandi teaching. Special attention is given to the distinctive composition of the work, where each detail reflects Navoi’s worldview — rooted first in Islam and then in Sufism — supported by analytical discussion.
534-538
58
10
YOZMA MANBALARDA SO‘FIY AYOLLAR TIMSOLI
In classical literature, tazkiras are valued as historical and literary sources by their very nature. In particular, Sufi tazkiras uniquely portray not only male but also female mystics (sufi women), reflecting their lives, spiritual experiences, and mystical ranks. This article provides information about the representation of arifa women in written sources, based on the work of Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami – the only tazkira author who mentioned female Sufis by name.
539-541
48
15
ABDULVOHID BURHONOV HAYOTI VA IJODIY FAOLIYATI
In today’s developing literature, many creative figures have their own unique place and significance for our culture. This article provides information about the life and literary activity of Abdulvohid Burhonov. It also highlights the social engagement and creative work of Munzim, emphasizing his contribution to education and the Jadid movement.
542-544
273
58
FEODOR DOSTOYEVISKIYNING “OYDIN TUNLAR” ROMANIDA XAYOLPARAST QAHRAMON TAVSIFI
The article discusses Dostoevsky’s mastery in revealing human psychology through his work “White Nights” and the character of the dreamer — the main hero of the story.
It explores themes such as a person’s inner need for love, its significance in human life, and the fear of loneliness. The aim is to study Dostoevsky’s works more deeply and to convey their essence to readers.
It explores themes such as a person’s inner need for love, its significance in human life, and the fear of loneliness. The aim is to study Dostoevsky’s works more deeply and to convey their essence to readers.
545-547
66
14
O‘TKIR HOSHIMOVNING “TUSHDA KECHGAN UMRLAR” VA REMARKNING “GʻARBIY FRONTDA OʻZGARISH YOʻQ” ASARLARINING MUSHTARAKLIGI
This article explores the similarities between O‘tkir Hoshimov’s “Lives Spent in a Dream” and Erich Maria Remarque’s “All Quiet on the Western Front.” Through the analysis, it is revealed that human destinies can be strikingly similar despite differences in time and space.
548-551
18
9
ZULFIYA MEROSI VA “ZULFIYA NOMIDAGI DAVLAT MUKOFOTI” AN’ANALARINING MA’NAVIY AHAMIYATI
Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek xalq shoiri Zulfiya Isroilovaning ma’naviy merosi va uning nomi bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan Davlat mukofoti an’analarining tarbiyaviy hamda ma’naviy ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Shoiraning ijodiy faoliyati, ayolning jamiyatdagi o‘rni, Vatanga sadoqat va insoniylik g‘oyalarini targ‘ib etgan asarlarining ta’siri yoritiladi.Zulfiya nomidagi Davlat mukofoti — bu shunchaki mukofot emas, balki yosh avlodni ezgulikka, ijodga va ma’naviy yuksalishga undovchi ma’naviy qadriyat sifatida talqin qilinadi. Ushbu mukofot orqali O‘zbekiston yosh qizlari o‘z iqtidorini namoyon etib, Vatanga muhabbat, bilim va ijod orqali xizmat qilishga ruhlanadilar. Maqolada Zulfiya Isroilovaning hayoti va asarlarida ifodalangan ayollik, mehr, sadoqat va vatanparvarlik g‘oyalari bilan ushbu mukofotning bugungi kundagi ahamiyati o‘rtasidagi ma’naviy bog‘liqlik tahlil qilinadi. Zulfiya merosi — bu ayol qalbining sadosi, xalq ruhining ohangi, millatning orzusi va sadoqatining ramzidir. Uning nomi bilan bog‘langan mukofot esa o‘zbek ayolining or-nomusi, iste’dodi va ma’naviy kuchini avlodlarga eslatib turuvchi abadiy ilhom manbaidir.
552-555
55
8
ZULFIYA IJODINING O‘ZBEK MA’NAVIY UYG‘ONISH JARAYONIDAGI O‘RNI
Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek xalqining atoqli shoira va jamoat arbobi Zulfiya Isroilovaning ijodiy merosi o‘zbek ma’naviy uyg‘onish jarayonidagi o‘rni nuqtayi nazaridan tahlil qilinadi. Shoiraning asarlarida insonparvarlik, ayollik, sadoqat, Vatanga muhabbat va ruhiy poklik g‘oyalari uyg‘unlashgan bo‘lib, ular milliy o‘zlikni anglash, ma’naviyatni tiklash hamda yangi davr tafakkurining shakllanishida muhim o‘rin tutgan. Zulfiya ijodi o‘zbek xalqining ruhiy uyg‘onish tarixida alohida bosqichni tashkil etadi. Shoiraning badiiy qarashlari millat ongi, ayolning ijtimoiy mavqeini va insoniy qadriyatlarni yuksaltirishga qaratilgan. Maqolada Zulfiya merosining zamonaviy O‘zbekiston ma’naviy hayotidagi o‘rni, uning yoshlar ongiga ta’siri hamda jamiyatning axloqiy-estetik shakllanishidagi roli yoritiladi. Zulfiya so‘zi bugun ham xalq ruhiga ozuqa bermoqda. Uning asarlari o‘zbek adabiyotining ma’naviy tayanchi, ayollik oriyati va milliy iftixorning timsoli sifatida dolzarb ahamiyat kasb etmoqda.
Shoira ijodi bugungi kunda ham yoshlarni ezgulikka, Vatanga muhabbat va halollikka undovchi ma’naviy yo‘l-yo‘riq vazifasini bajarmoqda.
Shoira ijodi bugungi kunda ham yoshlarni ezgulikka, Vatanga muhabbat va halollikka undovchi ma’naviy yo‘l-yo‘riq vazifasini bajarmoqda.
253-256
147
11
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING ON THE PREVENTION AND CORRECTION OF DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR
This thesis analyzes the psychological nature of destructive behavior, the factors that form it, and ways to prevent and correct it. It reveals the possibilities of increasing a person's emotional stability, strengthening social adaptability, and forming a constructive approach to conflicts with the help of psychological training.
257-259
19
8
METHODS OF SEMANTIC TRANSFER (METAPHORS) IN THE EPIC “ER ZIYVAR”
This article examines the specific features of metaphors — one of the principal methods of semantic transfer — employed in the epic “Er Ziyvar.”
297-302
234
29
O‘ZINI O‘ZI BOSHQARISH ORGANLARINING FUQOROLIK JAMIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISHDAGI O‘RNI
Maqolada o‘zini o‘zi boshqarish organlari, xususan mahallalar, fuqarolar yig‘inlari va jamoatchilik tuzilmalarining fuqarolik jamiyatini shakllantirishdagi va rivojlantirishdagi tutgan o‘rni chuqur ilmiy-nazariy va amaliy jihatdan yoritilgan. O‘zbekistonda amalga oshirilayotgan demokratik islohotlar jarayonida fuqarolarning ijtimoiy faolligini kuchaytirish, mahalla institutining ahamiyatini oshirish va davlat boshqaruvi bilan jamiyat o‘rtasida samarali vositachilik mexanizmini yaratish muhim vazifalardan biri sifatida ko‘rilmoqda. Maqolada o‘zini o‘zi boshqarish organlarining funksiyalari, ularning huquqiy asoslari, fuqarolik jamiyati institutlari bilan o‘zaro aloqasi, hamda aholining ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va madaniy hayotidagi faolligini oshirishdagi hissasi tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, ilg‘or xorijiy tajribalar bilan solishtirma tahlillar asosida, O‘zbekistondagi mavjud tizimning ustun va zaif jihatlari ochib berilgan. Maqola yakunida o‘zini o‘zi boshqarish organlarining fuqarolik jamiyatini yanada mustahkamlashdagi salohiyatini to‘liq ro‘yobga chiqarish uchun zarur bo‘lgan taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Ushbu ilmiy ish ijtimoiy fanlar sohasi tadqiqotchilari, davlat boshqaruvi mutaxassislari hamda fuqarolik jamiyatining rivojlanishiga qiziqqan keng jamoatchilik uchun foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.
616-624
24
20
ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GENERAL AND SPECIAL PARTS OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
The General and Special Parts are paired structural components of the criminal law. It is more logical to consider the interaction of the General and Special parts in the context of such a scientific and philosophical category as correlation. This article examines the relationship between the General and Special parts of the criminal law in the philosophical, socio-legal and legal-technical senses. In a philosophical sense, the General and the Special, these parts are organically connected with each other according to the dialectic of the relationship between the “general and the particular”. From a socio-legal point of view, the unity of the General and Special parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is manifested in the fact that both parts serve common tasks; the normative prescriptions of both parts are based on the same principles; properties of specific crimes and punishments for them are provided in both parts. From the legal and technical side, the unity of the General and Special parts of the criminal code lies in its systemic structure. The work identifies both similar and distinctive features between the two paired components of modern Russian criminal law. Prospects for further research into the relationship between the General and Special parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are seen in the development and approval of the Concept for the construction of Russian criminal law.
625-630
26
8
HYGIENE OF THE LABOR AND REST PROCEDURE OF SCHOOL STUDENTS
The hygiene of the work and rest routine of school students is an important factor in ensuring healthy development and learning efficiency. A properly organized daily routine strengthens the physical, mental and intellectual state of students, prevents fatigue and increases labor productivity. Compliance with hygienic standards of study, rest, eating and sleeping times forms a healthy lifestyle in children. An incorrect routine leads to a decrease in attention, fatigue and health deterioration. Therefore, the hygienically correct organization of the work and rest processes of students is one of the important directions of the educational process.
260-261
32
9
THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION
This article discusses the importance of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the educational process, their integration into teaching, and their effectiveness.The paper analyzes the advantages of using ICT tools in teachers’ professional activities and their role in improving the quality of education.It also examines the possibilities and challenges of organizing distance learning based on ICT.
262-263
30
6
THE ADVANTAGES OF USING INTERACTIVE METHODS IN EDUCATION
This article explores the essence and effectiveness of interactive teaching methods in the educational process.Interactive methods enhance students’ independent thinking, communication, creativity, and critical reasoning skills.The paper also analyzes how teachers can effectively implement interactive approaches and how they contribute to the improvement of learning outcomes.
264-265
25
13
ОПЫТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ АРТИКУЛИРУЮЩИХ СПЕЙСЕРОВ ПРИ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ГНОЙНЫХ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ ПЕРВИЧНОГО ЭНДОПРОТЕЗИРОВАНИЯ КОЛЕННОГО СУСТАВА
Гнойные осложнения после первичного эндопротезирования коленного сустава представляют собой одну из наиболее сложных проблем в ортопедической практике, существенно ухудшающую качество жизни пациентов и увеличивающую затраты на лечение. В условиях растущего числа операций по эндопротезированию, особенно среди пациентов пожилого возраста и с сопутствующими заболеваниями, частота инфекционных осложнений сохраняется на уровне 1–2%, что требует поиска эффективных методов их лечения. Артикулирующие Hinge спейсеры, обладающие возможностью частичного восстановления функции сустава и обеспечения локальной антисептической терапии, представляют собой перспективный подход в лечении перипротезных инфекций. Настоящее исследование направлено на оценку клинической эффективности применения HINGE спейсеров в условиях специализированного центра.
266-268
40
11
AMERIKA SOLIQ IMTIYOZLARI
Ushbu tezisda Amerika Qo‘shma Shtatlaridagi soliq imtiyozlari tizimi, ularning yuridik asoslari, iqtisodiy maqsadi va davlat siyosatidagi o‘rni keng yoritilgan. Tahlil jarayonida soliq imtiyozlari orqali iqtisodiy o‘sishni rag‘batlantirish, ijtimoiy tenglikni qo‘llab-quvvatlash va investitsiyalarni jalb etish mexanizmlari o‘rganilgan. Shuningdek, federal, shtat va mahalliy darajadagi imtiyozlarning huquqiy mexanizmlari solishtirilib, ular iqtisodiyot tarmoqlariga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatayotgani tahlil qilingan.
269-273
37
15
BO‘LAJAK BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O‘QITUVCHILARINING INTELLEKTUAL KO‘NIKMALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISH TIZIMIGA QO‘YILADIGAN PEDAGOGIK TALABALAR
Mazkur maqolada bo‘lajak boshlang‘ich sinf o‘qituvchilarining intellektual ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish tizimiga qo‘yiladigan pedagogik talablar mazmuni yoritilgan bo‘lib, pedagogik duch kelinadigan muammolar va ularning yechimlari mazmuni keng yoritib berilgan. Shuningdek, bo‘lajak boshlang‘ich sinf o‘qituvchilarining intellektual ko‘nikmalasini rivojlantirish jarayonida qo‘llanuvchi samarali metodika va texnologiya namunalari ham keltirilgan. Xulosa va tavsiya qismida esa kerakli tavsiyaviy xulosalar berilgan.
274-277
243
25
ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЙ СТАТУС КРИПТОВАЛЮТ КАК ВИРТУАЛЬНОГО ИМУЩЕСТВА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ УЗБЕКИСТАН
В данном тезисе рассматриваются особенности формирования правового статуса криптовалют в правовой системе Республики Узбекистан. Автор отмечает, что несмотря на принятие ряда нормативных актов, регулирующих сферу обращения криптоактивов, их юридическая природа остаётся неопределённой. В результате возникают сложности при квалификации правонарушений, связанных с незаконным оборотом, хищением или использованием криптовалют. Проведён сравнительно-правовой анализ зарубежных подходов, включая правовые модели Европейского Союза, Соединённых Штатов Америки и Российской Федерации, где криптовалюты признаются разновидностью виртуального имущества. Сделан вывод о необходимости включения в национальное законодательство Республики Узбекистан категории «виртуальные ценности» и закрепления за криптовалютами статуса объекта имущественных прав. Это позволит обеспечить их надлежащую правовую защиту, в том числе в уголовно-правовом аспекте, и будет способствовать развитию прозрачного цифрового рынка.
556-565
34
13
IMPROVING INNOVATION PROCESSES IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN UZBEKISTAN
This article analyzes the innovative transformation processes of Uzbek commercial banks. It highlights how the service model of banks is changing through the introduction of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, cloud services, blockchain, and open banking systems. It also examines the existing problems - the outdated IT infrastructure, the lack of qualified specialists, the weak digital culture, and regulatory restrictions - with substantiated evidence. The article provides proposals for legislative reforms, personnel training, increasing financial literacy, and technological innovation to accelerate the transformation. Based on analytical approaches, the prospects for the digital development of the banking system of Uzbekistan are clarified.
566-570
29
19
COTTON PESTS AND THEIR DAMAGE TO COTTON CROPS
This article analyzes the impact of cotton pests (Gossypium hirsutum L.) on yield and fiber quality. The research was conducted in 2023–2024 in the cotton fields of the Tashkent region. The main pests identified were the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), thrips (Thrips tabaci), spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), and aphid (Aphis gossypii). Results showed that in years with high pest populations, yield losses reached 18–27%. The article discusses the effectiveness of biological and agrotechnical measures in pest management.
571-574
170
7
THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN–CHINA COOPERATION RELATIONS DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE
Since the independence in 1991, Uzbekistan has developed close and mutual relations with the Republic of China. The two countries established diplomatic ties in 1992, which have since evolved into a strong partnership in politics, economy, education, and culture.
This article explores the historical development of Uzbekistan–China relations, major cooperation projects, and their role in promoting regional stability and prosperity. It also highlights the strategic importance of this relationship under initiatives such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Belt and Road Initiative. The study concludes that mutual respect and shared goals have made the partnership between Uzbekistan and China one of the key examples of successful diplomacy in Central Asia.
This article explores the historical development of Uzbekistan–China relations, major cooperation projects, and their role in promoting regional stability and prosperity. It also highlights the strategic importance of this relationship under initiatives such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Belt and Road Initiative. The study concludes that mutual respect and shared goals have made the partnership between Uzbekistan and China one of the key examples of successful diplomacy in Central Asia.
575-576
30
5
METHODS USED IN FINE ARTS WITH THE HELP OF COLORS
Among the types of fine arts, working with watercolor paints requires a unique technique and subtlety. Watercolor paint allows you to express lightness, transparency and harmony of colors. Therefore, it is widely used in fine art.
577-584
45
9
PHYSICAL QUALITIES IN VOLLEYBALL EQUIPMENT, TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL MOVEMENTS.
This article talks about the means of restoring the level of development of technical and tactical movements of football players during sports training. Reasonable opinions and comments are given throughout the article.
585-588
42
9
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PORTRAIT OF FEMALE LEADERS: THEIR ROLE IN SOCIETY AND THE BARRIERS IN THEIR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
This article analyzes the personal and psychological characteristics of female leaders, their role in society, and the socio-psychological barriers they face. The study also highlights the importance of gender equality in leadership, the process of women finding their place in management, and the necessity of providing them with psychological support throughout this process based on scientific principles.
598-606
31
5
THE ROLE OF MONETARY POLICY IN ENSURING THE STABILITY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY AND THE WORLD FINANCIAL MARKET
This article scientifically analyzes the role of monetary policy in ensuring the stability of the national economy and adapting to changes in the global financial system. The study examines the practical measures of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan to target inflation management, improve interest rate policy, and maintain the stability of the national currency. It also analyzes the impact of global inflation, interest rate growth, and geopolitical risks observed in the world financial market on the economy of Uzbekistan. At the end of the article, promising areas for further improving monetary policy in the country are developed - the introduction of a digital soum, adjusting interest rate policy, increasing the liquidity of the banking system, and strengthening international financial integration.
607-609
34
9
FACTORS FORMING THE EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE OF EDUCATORS IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
This article analyzes the mechanisms of developing emotional competence of teachers in preschool educational organizations, managing emotions, communication, the role of emotions in the work of teachers working with children.
610-615
49
9
ORGANIZATION OF THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESS IN THE “LANGUAGE AND SPEECH” CENTER OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
In order for children to be ready for school education, they must have not only intellectual and social skills, but also developed speech and communication skills. This need is clearly defined in the “State Standard of Preschool Education and Upbringing”, “State Requirements for the Development of Children of Early and Preschool Age” and the “First Step” State Curriculum of the Republic of Uzbekistan. These aspects are analyzed in the article.
324-326
44
17
ОБЗОР МЕТОДОВ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ФОСФАТНОГО СЫРЬЯ НА МИНЕРАЛЬНЫЕ УДОБРЕНИЯ
В последние десятилетия на территории Узбекистана геолого-изыскательскими работами открыто крупнейшее месторождение зернистых фосфоритов в Кызылкумском бассейне, где наиболее перспективными являются двенадцать площадей в отложениях среднего эоцена. Кызылкумские фосфориты по своим физико-химическим характеристикам не имеют мировых аналогов, но по составу можно судить о некотором сходстве с фосфоритами месторождений Северной Африки, Ближнего Востока и Афганистана, достаточно широко встречающихся в мезокайнозойских формациях карбонатной группы
327-330
53
25
SUDYALAR MUSTAQILLIGINI TA’MINLASH – ODILLIK VA QONUN USTUVORLIGINING ASOSIY MEZONI
In this thesis, the author expresses the opinion that judges are independent in carrying out activities aimed at ensuring social justice, law and order, the rule of law, the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, as well as the legitimate interests of citizens enshrined in the Constitution, subject only to the Constitution and laws, regulations aimed at ensuring this principle.
331-333
36
6
THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION PROCESSES IN THE ADAPTATION PROCESS
The thesis analyzes the importance of the communication factor in the process of a person entering a new social environment, team or professional system. The psychological and social mechanisms of the adaptation process are highlighted, as well as the role of verbal and nonverbal forms of communication in personal integration, emotional stability and social adaptation. The study analyzes the interaction of communication at different stages, its importance in reducing stress and enhancing empathy on a scientific basis.
631-639
77
17
DAVLATLARNING JAVOBGARLIGI MASALALARIDA XALQARO ODAT HUQUQINING O‘RNI VA AHAMIYATI
This article examines the formation of the institute of state responsibility within the international legal system and analyzes the role of customary international law in this process. The author explores the significance of customary norms as a source of law, focusing on their development through state practice and opinio juris. Particular attention is given to the 2001 Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts adopted by the UN International Law Commission, as well as to relevant international court practices. The study concludes that customary international law serves as a fundamental source in determining state responsibility.
640-649
39
6
FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF SMALL BUSINESSES THROUGH BANK LOANS: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
This article analyzes the role and importance of bank loans in the financial support of small businesses in the Republic of Uzbekistan from a scientific, theoretical and practical perspective. Although the volume of lending to small businesses by commercial banks has been increasing in recent years, there are problems in this process, such as insufficient collateral, high interest rates, and an imperfect credit risk assessment system. The study identifies the causes of these problems and puts forward proposals and recommendations on liberalizing credit policy, expanding state guarantee funds, introducing preferential credit lines, and developing a digital lending system. The results of the article strengthen the scientific basis for improving small business support mechanisms and increasing the stability of the banking and financial system.
650-660
25
27
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ATTRACTING INVESTMENTS THROUGH PUBLIC PLACEMENT OF SHARES (IPO) IN JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES
This article analyzes the economic essence of the process of public offering of shares (IPO) in joint-stock companies, its role in attracting investments, and the practical effectiveness of this mechanism in the conditions of Uzbekistan. The study scientifically highlights the possibilities of increasing the capitalized value of enterprises through IPO, strengthening their financial stability, and improving the corporate governance system.
The article also provides an analysis of the current state of the Uzbek capital market, IPO projects implemented in recent years, the policy of reducing the state share, and international experience. In particular, based on the experience of developed countries - the USA, Great Britain, South Korea, and China, an effective model and recommendations for Uzbekistan have been developed. The results of the study show that accelerating IPO processes not only improves the investment climate, but also increases transparency, competition, and the level of capitalization in the economy.
The article also provides an analysis of the current state of the Uzbek capital market, IPO projects implemented in recent years, the policy of reducing the state share, and international experience. In particular, based on the experience of developed countries - the USA, Great Britain, South Korea, and China, an effective model and recommendations for Uzbekistan have been developed. The results of the study show that accelerating IPO processes not only improves the investment climate, but also increases transparency, competition, and the level of capitalization in the economy.
661-670
36
11
ISSUES OF SUPPORTING INVESTORS THROUGH TAX INCENTIVES
This scientific article comprehensively analyzes the issues of supporting investors through tax incentives. The study covers the tax reforms being carried out in the Republic of Uzbekistan, their impact on the investment environment and their role in attracting foreign capital on a scientific basis. The article analyzes the economic content of tax incentives, their types (profit tax exemptions, customs privileges, VAT exemptions, tax holidays for investment zones, etc.) and their effectiveness. Also, based on a comparative analysis with the experience of foreign countries - China, Turkey, Kazakhstan and Poland, scientific and practical proposals have been developed to further improve the tax policy of Uzbekistan. The results of the study show that tax incentives are an important factor in increasing investment activity, creating new jobs and strengthening the competitiveness of industrial sectors.
671-676
35
9
QORAQALPOQ DOSTONLARINI O’QISH TALABALARNING IJODIY QOBILIYATLARINI RIVOJLANTIRISH VOSITASI SIFATIDA
This article highlights the importance of reading Karakalpak folk epics in developing students' creative abilities. It shows the role of epics not only as literary monuments but also as an integral part of the people's spiritual, cultural, and moral heritage in educating the younger generation. Through reading and analyzing students' epics, the authors analyze national values, historical traditions, and the development of aesthetic thinking, developing artistic speech and creative thinking, as well as the difficulties in performing Karakalpak epics - memorization, emotional expression, maintaining rhythm, stage presence, and pronunciation problems, and propose solutions.
677-680
31
11
VR (VIRTUAL REALITY) TEXNOLOGIYASINING TURIZM VA MEDITSINA SOHALARIDAGI AHAMIYATI
This article analyzes the relevance, scientific, and economic efficiency of applying Virtual Reality (VR) technologies in the fields of tourism and medicine. The study presents statistical indicators of VR technologies’ effectiveness in medical rehabilitation based on international experiences. Moreover, the possibilities and prospects of implementing these technologies in Uzbekistan are examined. According to the results, VR-based therapy has led to a 14–20% improvement in post-stroke recovery, while in the tourism sector, virtual marketing initiatives have increased interest in travel.
681-684
60
13
MAKTABGACHA YOSHDAGI BOLALARDA NUTQNING RIVOJLANISHI
This article explores the stages, psychological and physiological foundations, and socio-pedagogical factors of speech development in preschool children. It highlights the role of family, preschool institutions, and educators in forming speech skills. The importance of play activities, speech exercises, literature, and multimedia tools in enhancing children's language development is emphasized.
685-691
47
12
AHOLI BANDLIGINI TA’MINLASHDA BANKLARNING O‘RNI
The article provides an in-depth analysis of the role of commercial banks in ensuring employment in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In recent years, increasing the employment rate, reducing poverty and expanding economic activity in the country's economy have been identified as one of the priority areas of state policy. In this process, the banking system plays an important role not only as a financial intermediary, but also as a sustainable source of economic development. The study analyzes the impact of loans provided by commercial banks to small businesses, family entrepreneurship, startup projects and the service sector on employment. The authors studied the correlation between loan volumes and jobs created based on statistical data from recent years. The results show that an increase in the volume of preferential loans leads to a significant increase in employment indicators. In particular, the active participation of banks in programs such as "Every Family is an Entrepreneur" and "Youth is Our Future" has created new sources of income for low-income segments of the economy.
692-696
38
6
THE PECULIARITIES OF USING NUMERATIVES IN WORLD LANGUAGES
Numerative words are used in all world languages to indicate a specific quantity. This article mainly examines the features of numerative words used in other foreign languages (Malay, English, Russian, and Chinese). It also analyzes the similarities and differences between these words and the quantity-expressing words found in the Karakalpak language.
697-700
79
12
OROL DENGIZI MUAMMOSINI XALQARO MIQYOSGA OLIB CHIQISHDA O'ZBEKISTONNING TARIXIY ROLI (1991-2025)
Mazkur maqolada O’zbekiston ekologiyasida SSSR davrida paydo bo'lgan eng katta muammolardan biri Orol dengizi fojiasini bartaraf etishda Mustaqillik yillaridan boshlab ko’rilgan chora tadbirlar haqida so’z etiladi. Bunda asosan suv resurslarini samarali boshqarish, ekologik chora-taqbirlar, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy rivojlantirish, xalqaro hamkorlik va boshqalar haqida malumot beriladi.
701-705
31
8
IMPROVING THE OVERALL AND SPECIAL PHYSICAL TRAINING OF GIRLS KICKBOXERS
The article covers a study aimed at developing various training loads, tools and techniques to improve the overall and special physical fitness of young kickboxers players.
706-710
29
11
PLANNING GENERAL AND SPECIFIC PHYSICAL TRAINING IN PRE-COMPETITION PREPARATION OF YOUTH BOXERS
This article examines the ways to improve the general and specific physical training of athletes engaged in kickboxing. The importance of physical preparation in achieving high athletic performance is analyzed, with particular emphasis on the correct selection and application of a complex of specific physical exercises.
711-713
213
12
ONA TILI VA ADABIYOT DARSLARIDA ZAMONAVIY METODLARDAN FOYDALANISHNING SAMARADORLIGI
Ushbu maqolada ona tili va adabiyot darslarida zamonaviy metodlardan foydalanishning ahamiyati va samaradorligi, imkoniyatlari muhokama qilib, o‘rganilgan.
Bundan tashqari ona tili va adabiyot darslarida zamonaviy metodlardan foydalanilib namunalar tahlil qilingan.
Bundan tashqari ona tili va adabiyot darslarida zamonaviy metodlardan foydalanilib namunalar tahlil qilingan.
714-716
115
29
1927–1930-YILLARDAGI “HUJUM” HARAKATI VA PARANJI TASHLASH JARAYONINING IJTIMOIY OQIBATLARI
This article examines the social, cultural, and psychological consequences of the “Hujum” campaign carried out in Uzbekistan between 1927 and 1930, which aimed to liberate women and abolish the wearing of the paranji. Based on archival documents, the study reveals that while the Soviet policy of emancipation was officially framed as a modernization effort, it often clashed with local traditions and religious values, leading to violence and tragedy.
Despite these hardships, the movement marked a historical turning point in the lives of Uzbek women, fostering their gradual participation in public, educational, and political life.
Despite these hardships, the movement marked a historical turning point in the lives of Uzbek women, fostering their gradual participation in public, educational, and political life.
717-720
38
13
THE MACROECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SUPPORTING SMALL BUSINESSES AND STARTUPS
This article analyzes the role of small businesses and startups in national economic development and examines the macroeconomic impact of government support policies.
It also highlights the positive effects of promoting these sectors on economic growth, employment, innovation, and competitiveness.
It also highlights the positive effects of promoting these sectors on economic growth, employment, innovation, and competitiveness.
721-724
39
11
DIGITAL CURRENCIES (CBDC) AND THEIR INTEGRATION INTO THE NATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM
This article analyzes the concept of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC), their role in the economy, and the process of integrating them into the national financial system.
It also explores the advantages, risks, and challenges associated with the introduction of CBDCs and discusses the potential for their application in Uzbekistan.
It also explores the advantages, risks, and challenges associated with the introduction of CBDCs and discusses the potential for their application in Uzbekistan.
725-732
91
20
O‘ZBEK VA RUS TILSHUNOSLIGIDA EVFEMIZMLARNING O‘RGANILISHI
In today's globalized society, there is an increased need to replace inappropriate words on sensitive topics with more polite words, that is, euphemisms. It has become a necessity today for people to use softer alternatives to express themselves in order to prevent their speech from being harsh or offensive. This article describes the history of the study of euphemisms and the approaches of scientists to euphemisms.
733-737
53
7
KUSHON IKONOGRAFIYASIDA BOSH KIYIM VA HARBIY TIMSOLLAR: TANGALAR, HAYKAL VA DEVORIY SURATLAR ASOSIDA TAHLIL
The article analyzes the main elements of Kushan military and political iconography — headgear, helmets, and their symbolic meanings. Based on numismatic, sculptural, and mural evidence, it reveals the ideological message embodied in the ruler’s image. The form, ornamentation, and emblems of the headgear reflect concepts of divine legitimacy, royal power, and celestial protection. The author argues for a close interrelation between military costume, royal insignia, and the state ideology of the Kushan period. This approach allows Kushan art to be understood not merely as an aesthetic phenomenon but as an essential component of the empire’s politico-religious system.
738-740
35
6
O'ZBEKISTONDA INVESTITSIYA MUHITINI YAXSHILASH BO'YICHA AMALGA OSHIRILAYOTGAN CHORA-TADBIRLAR
Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonda investitsiya faolligini kuchaytirishga qaratilgan sa'y-harakatlar va uning muvaffaqiyati uchun zarur shart-sharoitlarni o‘rganiladi.
Unda O‘zbekiston tomonidan mahalliy va xorijiy sarmoyalarni jalb qilish, iqtisodiy o‘sishga ko‘maklashish, qulay ishbilarmonlik muhitini yaratish bo‘yicha amalga oshirilayotgan chora-tadbirlar va tashabbuslar atroflicha o‘rganilgan. Siyosatchilar va manfaatdor tomonlar mustahkam investitsiya faoliyati uchun zarur shart-sharoitlarni tushunib, O‘zbekiston erishgan yutuqlarni baholashlari, muammolarni aniqlashlari va mamlakatda investitsiya imkoniyatlarini yanada oshirish va iqtisodiy rivojlanishni rag‘batlantirish strategiyalarini ishlab chiqishlari mumkin.
Unda O‘zbekiston tomonidan mahalliy va xorijiy sarmoyalarni jalb qilish, iqtisodiy o‘sishga ko‘maklashish, qulay ishbilarmonlik muhitini yaratish bo‘yicha amalga oshirilayotgan chora-tadbirlar va tashabbuslar atroflicha o‘rganilgan. Siyosatchilar va manfaatdor tomonlar mustahkam investitsiya faoliyati uchun zarur shart-sharoitlarni tushunib, O‘zbekiston erishgan yutuqlarni baholashlari, muammolarni aniqlashlari va mamlakatda investitsiya imkoniyatlarini yanada oshirish va iqtisodiy rivojlanishni rag‘batlantirish strategiyalarini ishlab chiqishlari mumkin.
334-337
150
11
PSYCHODRAMA YA.MORENO METHODS OF INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT AND UNDERSTANDING OF SOCIAL ROLES
This study presents information about the psychological stages of human individual development and the ways in which people understand social roles. Today, the socialization of the human personality, individual development, the role of the psychological role in the process of self-awareness, the development of communicative competencies are one of the main research areas in psychology, pedagogy and social sciences. Being in different social roles throughout a person’s life is a natural process. Each role determines the main processes aimed at understanding the internal state of a person in the process of individual development, developing his social position and correctly shaping his activities in society. Ya. L. Also, our article considers theoretical studies to reveal the main essence of Moreno’s psychodrama theory, the theory of analyzing a person as a psychological study in the process of individual development and understanding social roles.
338-340
59
14
UMUMTA’LIM MAKTAB RAHBARLARI FAOLIYATIDA MENEJERLIK KOMPETENSIYALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING NAZARIY ASOSLARI
This thesis provides a theoretical analysis of the development of managerial competencies among general education school principals. The study explores the main factors determining a leader’s managerial potential, the essence of the concept of competence, and the scientific approaches to its development.
341-344
29
16
CORPORATE CULTURE AS THE KEY TO SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS
This article examines the importance of developing the right strategy for running a successful business. Corporate culture plays a key role in shaping a successful business, influencing employee motivation, performance, and competitiveness. This article examines the key elements of corporate culture, its impact on production processes, and methods for shaping it.
Particular attention is paid to the principles of leadership, teamwork, and employee engagement. Successful examples of companies that have achieved high results thanks to a strong corporate culture are analyzed. Creating a positive work environment not only contributes to increased productivity but also to brand strengthening and long-term business development.
Particular attention is paid to the principles of leadership, teamwork, and employee engagement. Successful examples of companies that have achieved high results thanks to a strong corporate culture are analyzed. Creating a positive work environment not only contributes to increased productivity but also to brand strengthening and long-term business development.
345-348
151
17
THE INTERPERSONAL IMPACT OF GENDER STEREOTYPES AND WAYS TO CORRECT THEM THROUGH PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING
This study presents information on the interpersonal relationships of gender stereotypes and methods of correcting gender stereotypes through psychological training. Based on this information, it is possible to eliminate various psychological problematic situations by gradually implementing the processes of organizing psychological trainings that help a person understand himself and assess his socio-spiritual state.
349-351
25
11
LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF PHRASEOLOGICAL VARIABILITY IN THE KARAKALPAK LANGUAGE
This article discusses the study of phraseological variability in Karakalpak linguistics.
352-354
31
42
THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MODERN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
This article discusses the significance of pedagogical technologies in the modern educational process, their types, and the teacher’s role in implementing them. Pedagogical technologies are analyzed as an important factor in improving learning effectiveness and developing students’ independent and creative thinking. The advantages of interactive, information-communication, and project-based learning technologies, as well as challenges and solutions in their application, are also described.
355-356
32
13
THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER IN GUIDING STUDENTS TOWARD INDEPENDENT LEARNING
This article discusses the role and responsibility of teachers in directing students toward independent learning. It analyzes effective forms of organizing self-directed education, as well as the motivational, methodological, and organizational functions of teachers.
The paper highlights the factors influencing students’ self-development and the importance of supportive learning conditions created by educators.
The paper highlights the factors influencing students’ self-development and the importance of supportive learning conditions created by educators.
357-358
24
19
O‘QUVCHILARNI VATANPARVARLIKKA TARBIYALASHDA PEDAGOGIK IMKONIYATLAR
Maqolada o‘quvchilarda vatanparvarlik tuyg‘usini shakllantirish, vatan va millat oldidagi mas’uliyat, yuksak burch ekanligi haqida so‘z yuritilgan.
359-360
31
2
ОПЫТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ДВУХЭТАПНОГО ЭНДОПРОТЕЗИРОВАНИЯ КОЛЕННОГО СУСТАВА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ HINGE ПРИ ПЕРИПРОТЕЗНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ
Перипротезная инфекция коленного сустава представляет собой одно из наиболее тяжёлых осложнений после тотального эндопротезирования, сопровождающееся выраженным болевым синдромом, нарушением функции конечности и риском генерализации воспалительного процесса. Глубокие формы инфекции, особенно свищевые, требуют комплексного подхода к лечению, включающего удаление инфицированных компонентов, санацию очага и восстановление суставной функции.
Двухэтапное эндопротезирование с применением артикулирующих Hinge спейсеров позволяет одновременно контролировать инфекционный процесс и сохранить подвижность сустава, что делает данный метод перспективным в ревизионной ортопедии. Исследование, проведённое в условиях специализированного центра, направлено на оценку эффективности данной технологии.
Двухэтапное эндопротезирование с применением артикулирующих Hinge спейсеров позволяет одновременно контролировать инфекционный процесс и сохранить подвижность сустава, что делает данный метод перспективным в ревизионной ортопедии. Исследование, проведённое в условиях специализированного центра, направлено на оценку эффективности данной технологии.
361-365
191
51
AMERIKA SOLIQ TIZIMI: HUQUQIY ASOSLAR, TUZILISHI VA ISLOHOTLAR YO‘NALISHLARI
Ushbu tezisda Amerika Qo‘shma Shtatlari (AQSH) soliq tizimining huquqiy asoslari, tuzilma tamoyillari, soliqqa tortish mexanizmlari hamda uning iqtisodiy barqarorlikdagi roli tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, federalizm tamoyilining soliq tizimiga ta’siri, soliq boshqaruvining institutsional tuzilmasi va oxirgi yillardagi islohotlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari AQSH soliq tizimining barqarorligi va shaffofligini ta’minlovchi omillarni ochib beradi hamda boshqa davlatlar, jumladan, O‘zbekiston uchun foydali tajriba sifatida baholanadi.
366-370
32
25
BO‘LAJAK BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O‘QITUVCHILARINING INTELLEKTUAL KO‘NIKMALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING TIZIMINING PEDAGOGIK SHART-SHAROITLARI
This article covers the content of the pedagogical conditions of the system for developing the intellectual skills of future primary school teachers, and broadly covers the content of pedagogical problems and their solutions. Also, examples of effective methodologies and technologies used in the process of developing the intellectual skills of future primary school teachers are presented. The conclusion and recommendations provide the necessary recommendations.
371-374
36
7
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF CERVICAL ANOMALIES
Cervical anomalies represent a group of structural and functional disorders of the uterine cervix that may arise due to congenital malformations, infections, trauma, hormonal imbalances, or surgical interventions. These anomalies are of great clinical importance because they can adversely affect reproductive health, pregnancy outcomes, and overall quality of life in women. The cervix plays a vital role in maintaining pregnancy, regulating menstrual flow, and serving as a protective barrier against infections. When its normal anatomy or function is disrupted, the consequences may include infertility, recurrent miscarriages, premature birth, and increased susceptibility to infections. In recent years, the incidence of cervical anomalies has been increasing, partly due to better diagnostic tools and greater awareness. Understanding their pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management is essential for effective prevention and treatment.
375-376
28
5
DIJITAL USULLAR YORDAMIDA QORAQALPOQ SHE’RIYATIDA FITONIMLARNING SEMANTIK XARITALANISHI: IBRAYIM YUSUPOV VA BERDAQ QIYOSLANMASI
Ushbu maqolada Qoraqalpoq she’riyatida o‘simlik nomlarining (fitonimlarning) semantik funksiyalari dijital (raqamli) usullar yordamida o‘rganilgan.
Tadqiqotning maqsadi - Qoraqalpoq she’riyatida fitonimlarning qo‘llanish chastotasi, ularning ma’no maydonlari va shoirlar o‘rtasidagi farqlarni aniqlashdan iborat. Ibrayim Yusupov va Berdaq she’rlaridan tuzilgan kichik raqamli korpus asosida olib borilgan tahlil natijasida “gul, terek, anor, bug‘doy, uzum” kabi fitonimlarning tematik jihatdan “sevgi, vatan, baraka, yoshlik” kabi tushunchalar bilan chambarchas bog‘liqligi aniqlangan. Tadqiqot, qoraqalpoq tilshunosligi va adabiyotida raqamli gumanitar fanlarni qo‘llash imkoniyatini namoyish etishi jihatidan muhim ahamiyatga ega.
Tadqiqotning maqsadi - Qoraqalpoq she’riyatida fitonimlarning qo‘llanish chastotasi, ularning ma’no maydonlari va shoirlar o‘rtasidagi farqlarni aniqlashdan iborat. Ibrayim Yusupov va Berdaq she’rlaridan tuzilgan kichik raqamli korpus asosida olib borilgan tahlil natijasida “gul, terek, anor, bug‘doy, uzum” kabi fitonimlarning tematik jihatdan “sevgi, vatan, baraka, yoshlik” kabi tushunchalar bilan chambarchas bog‘liqligi aniqlangan. Tadqiqot, qoraqalpoq tilshunosligi va adabiyotida raqamli gumanitar fanlarni qo‘llash imkoniyatini namoyish etishi jihatidan muhim ahamiyatga ega.
377-379
221
18
SHARQ ILM-FANI TARAQQIYOTIDA “MINERALOGIYA”NING O‘RNI
The works written by Abu Rayhan Beruni have not escaped the attention of people in the world even now. His book "Kitab al-jamohir fi ma' rifat al-jawahir" known as "Mineralogy" is one of them. In this work, more than 300 minerals and their types, properties, uses, conditions of formation, color, physical properties and density are explained in detail.
380-383
19
24
СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ЗА ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ, СВЯЗАННЫЕ С БИТКОЙНАМИ, КРИПТОВАЛЮТАМИ И ДРУГИМИ НОВЕЙШИМИ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫМИ СРЕДСТВАМИ ПЛАТЕЖА
В данном тезисе описывается то, что в условиях стремительного развития цифровой экономики и финансовых технологий формируется новая категория общественно опасных деяний, связанных с использованием криптовалют и иных электронных средств платежа. В работе рассматриваются исторические этапы становления уголовно-правового регулирования цифровых финансовых инструментов, начиная с появления первых электронных расчётов и вплоть до формирования криптоэкономики. Особое внимание уделено анализу нормативных актов Республики Узбекистан, Европейского Союза, США и рекомендаций международных организаций, в частности ФАТФ. Автор отмечает, что децентрализованная природа криптовалют, а также отсутствие единых правовых дефиниций создают сложности в квалификации преступлений и установлении виновных лиц. На основе сравнительно-правового анализа делается вывод о необходимости признания криптоактивов объектом имущественных прав и разработки специальных норм уголовного законодательства, направленных на пресечение преступлений с использованием современных электронных платёжных средств.
384-385
34
7
VR (VIRTUAL REALITY) TEXNOLOGIYASINING TURIZM VA MEDITSINA SOHALARIDAGI AHAMIYATI
Ushbu tezisda virtual reallik (VR) texnologiyalarining turizm va tibbiyot sohalarida qo‘llanilishining dolzarbligi hamda iqtisodiy samaradorligi tahlil qilingan.
Tadqiqotlar VR asosidagi terapiya insultdan keyingi reabilitatsiyada 14–20 % yaxshilanishga, VR turizm marketingida esa sayohatga qiziqishni 35–40 % oshirishga olib kelganini ko‘rsatadi (Laver et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2024; UNWTO, 2024). Maqolada O‘zbekiston sharoitida VR texnologiyalarini rivojlantirish istiqbollari ham yoritilgan.
Tadqiqotlar VR asosidagi terapiya insultdan keyingi reabilitatsiyada 14–20 % yaxshilanishga, VR turizm marketingida esa sayohatga qiziqishni 35–40 % oshirishga olib kelganini ko‘rsatadi (Laver et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2024; UNWTO, 2024). Maqolada O‘zbekiston sharoitida VR texnologiyalarini rivojlantirish istiqbollari ham yoritilgan.
386-390
22
9
САМАРҚАНД ВИЛОЯТИ ҚИШЛОҚ ХЎЖАЛИГИ СУҒОРИЛАДИГАН ЕРЛАРНИНГ УНУМДОРЛИК ДАРАЖАСИНИ МОНИТОРИНГ ҚИЛИШ
The article provides information on the monitoring of soil fertility in irrigated agriculture in the Samarkand region at a time of increasing water scarcity. In addition, data on comparing the results of previous years' scientific work with the up-to-date information and monitoring of soil fertility levels based on the main research activities in the districts of Samarkand region. In addition, data on comparing the results of previous years' scientific work with the up-to-date information and monitoring of soil fertility levels based on the main research activities in the districts of Samarkand region.
391-394
39
10
ГЕОДЕЗИК ИШЛАРДА ЗАМОНАВИЙ ПЛАНЛИ ВА БАЛАНДЛИК ТАРМОҚЛАРИНИ ЯРАТИШ УСУЛЛАРИ
The article describes engineering and geodetic networks, and their design, construction and survey work. Engineering and geodetic networks are the basis in mapping the entire territory of the state, providing engineering and geodetic networks is used in work for scientific and practical purposes.
395-398
44
13
ЖАЛОЛИДДИН РУМИЙ АСАРЛАРИНИНГ ЗИЙНАТЛАНГАН ҚЎЛЁЗМАЛАРИ
Mawlana Jalaluddin Rumi (1207–1273) has occupied a unique and influential place in the history of world literature and, of course, Turanian literature and culture since the 13th century. Even today, Uzbek scholars and literature lovers recognize the mawlana along with such great poets as Alisher Navoi, Lutfi, Pahlavan Mahmud, Mirzo Babur, and Boborakhim Mashrab. The Uzbek people consider Rumi their poet.
His works and masnavis are among the most widely distributed manuscripts in our country. In Turan, "masnavikhan" gatherings have been held regularly since ancient times. Researchers note that these masnavis consist of six notebooks. About forty manuscript copies of Jalaliddin Rumi's masnavis have been discovered in the unique collection of the Abu Raykhan Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. During the research, we paid special attention to copy №1305 among them and briefly described its decoration.
His works and masnavis are among the most widely distributed manuscripts in our country. In Turan, "masnavikhan" gatherings have been held regularly since ancient times. Researchers note that these masnavis consist of six notebooks. About forty manuscript copies of Jalaliddin Rumi's masnavis have been discovered in the unique collection of the Abu Raykhan Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. During the research, we paid special attention to copy №1305 among them and briefly described its decoration.
399-400
25
10
MUALLIFLIK VA TURDOSH HUQUQLARNI HIMOYA QILISHNING DOLZARB MASALALARI
So‘nggi yillarda raqamli texnologiyalar, internet va sun’iy intellekt tizimlarining jadal rivojlanishi ijodiy faoliyatning barcha turlariga bevosita ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda.
401-402
28
6
KONCHILIK SOHASIGA TEGISHLI FANLARNI INTERFAOL METODLARIDAN FOYDALANIB O’QITISH
Mazkur tezisda konchilik sohasiga tegishli fanlarni o’qitishda interfaol usullardan foydalanish va ularning ta’lim berishda samarali yo’llari haqida va shu bilan birgalikda nafaqat konchilik sohasidagi balki texnika va metallurgiya sohasidagi fanlarni o’qitishda qo’llash mumkinligi haqida yoritib berilgan.
403-406
78
15
PEDAGOGIKA VA PSIXOLOGIYA ILMINING ZAMONAVIY RIVOJLANISH TENDENSIYALARI
This article analyzes the development trends of pedagogy and psychology in the 21st century, the role of digitalization and innovative approaches in the modern education system, a comprehensive approach to personality development, inclusive education, and the importance of neuropsychological research in teaching. Priority directions of pedagogical and psychological scientific research in Uzbekistan have also been identified, and proposals have been developed to ensure harmony with global trends in these fields.
407-410
42
10
PROFESSIONAL TA’LIMDA RAQAMLI AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARINI O‘QITISH METODIKASINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
This thesis analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations, modern approaches and practical models of improving the methodology of teaching digital information technologies in the professional education system. The study covers the development of digital pedagogical competencies of teachers, modularization of the educational process, and the effectiveness of teaching based on IoT, artificial intelligence and cloud technologies.
411-413
28
7
G‘ARBDA TURKOLOGIYA RIVOJIDA ROBERT DANKOFF MAKTABI
This article examines the scientific activity, creative formation and role in Turkology of linguist, turkologist, historian Robert Dankoff, who made a special contribution to the development of Turkology.
414-417
36
17
THE ART OF ZHYRAU IN THE KARAKALPAK PEOPLE DEVELOPMENTAL PATHS
This thesis discusses the art of zhyrau, a master of words with great talent, a melodious musician who performs epics, historical songs that are the literary heritage of the people, gives a spectacle to the gathered audience, expresses the dreams and aspirations of his time, includes in the kobyz samples of oral literature, proverbs, sayings, wise sayings, and instructions on tolgau-terme.
418-422
27
12
IMPLEMENTATION OF MODERN PROCEDURAL PRACTICES IN ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT
This article analyzes the introduction of modern procedures in the administrative management system and their impact on efficiency. The article justifies the need to transition from a bureaucratic approach to effective, transparent and efficient management methods in state administration bodies. It also considers the possibilities of improving the quality and speed of service provision to citizens through the use of digital technologies, e-government, the "single window" system and innovative approaches to management. During the research, foreign experience was studied and the legal, organizational and technological foundations of the introduction of modern procedures in the conditions of Uzbekistan were identified. At the end of the article, practical recommendations and conclusions are presented, which will serve to improve the administrative management system.
423-425
46
10
LOGISTIKA INFRATUZILMASIDA OMBORLARNI TASNIFLASH VA XIZMAT KORSATISHNI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Ushbu maqolada logistika infratuzilmasining muhim elementi bo‘lgan ombor xo‘jaligining tasnifi, ularning funksional vazifalari va xizmat ko‘rsatish sifatini takomillashtirish yo‘nalishlari tahlil qilinadi. Zamonaviy logistika tizimlarida omborlar nafaqat mahsulotlarni saqlash, balki qiymat yaratish, qayta qadoqlash, saralash, elektron kuzatuv kabi jarayonlarning markaziga aylangan. Tadqiqotda xalqaro tajribalar asosida omborlarni tasniflash mezonlari va xizmat ko‘rsatish samaradorligini oshirishning innovatsion yechimlari keltirilgan.
426-429
32
11
YUQORI SINF O‘QUVCHILARIGA KIMYO FANINI O‘QITISH USULLARI
Chemistry is one of the important subjects that provides students with a deep understanding of the environment, substances and their interactions. Choosing effective methods in teaching chemistry to senior students is important in increasing their interest and developing their scientific thinking. This article reviews the most effective methods of teaching chemistry to senior students.
430-432
98
11
TABIIY FANLARNI O‘QITISHDA RAQAMLI PLATFORMALAR VA MASOFAVIY TA’LIM VOSITALARINI INTEGRATSIYALASH
Ushbu tezisda tabiiy fanlarni o‘qitish jarayonida raqamli platformalar va masofaviy ta’lim vositalarini samarali integratsiyalashning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari yoritilgan.
Tadqiqotda Moodle, Google Classroom, Zoom, Microsoft Teams kabi raqamli platformalardan foydalanishning o‘quvchilarning bilim darajasi, mustaqil fikrlash va fanlarga bo‘lgan qiziqishiga ijobiy ta’siri tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, virtual laboratoriyalar, animatsiyalar, onlayn testlar va interaktiv topshiriqlarning o‘quv jarayonidagi o‘rni asoslab berilgan. Maqolada raqamli vositalarni ta’lim jarayoniga integratsiyalashda uchraydigan muammolar hamda ularni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha metodik tavsiyalar ilgari surilgan. Natijada, raqamli texnologiyalarni tabiiy fanlar o‘qitish jarayoniga samarali qo‘llash o‘quvchilarning bilim olish faoliyatini individuallashtirish va ta’lim sifatini oshirishda muhim omil ekanligi aniqlangan.
Tadqiqotda Moodle, Google Classroom, Zoom, Microsoft Teams kabi raqamli platformalardan foydalanishning o‘quvchilarning bilim darajasi, mustaqil fikrlash va fanlarga bo‘lgan qiziqishiga ijobiy ta’siri tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, virtual laboratoriyalar, animatsiyalar, onlayn testlar va interaktiv topshiriqlarning o‘quv jarayonidagi o‘rni asoslab berilgan. Maqolada raqamli vositalarni ta’lim jarayoniga integratsiyalashda uchraydigan muammolar hamda ularni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha metodik tavsiyalar ilgari surilgan. Natijada, raqamli texnologiyalarni tabiiy fanlar o‘qitish jarayoniga samarali qo‘llash o‘quvchilarning bilim olish faoliyatini individuallashtirish va ta’lim sifatini oshirishda muhim omil ekanligi aniqlangan.
433-440
65
26
THE KOKAND BAYOZ SCHOOL AND ITS DISTINCTIVE TRADITIONS
After the bayoz entered Central Asia as a literary source, the demand for it gradually increased. Unlike other collections of a similar nature, bayozes gained rapid popularity because they represented a “bouquet” of poets’ creative works, and from the 19th century onward, they became increasingly widespread. As literary culture developed, schools of bayoz compilation emerged within each khanate. While these schools preserved the general characteristics typical of bayozes, each began to acquire distinctive features specific to its own tradition—features that became important markers distinguishing one school from another. This tendency became especially evident in the second half of the 19th century. Up to that period, the bayozes compiled in the three khanates had been almost identical in structure, but gradually they began to differ in composition, artistic ornamentation, and even in thematic and conceptual substance. Alongside the creation of traditional bayozes, new types also appeared—developments that demand serious scholarly attention to the study of bayoz schools.
441-442
26
19
RAQAMLI IQTISODIYOT VA UNING RIVOJLANISHI: RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALAR, E-TIJORAT VA ULARNING IQTISODIYOTGA TA'SIRI
Maqolada raqamli iqtisodiyotning mamlakat iqtisodiy tizimlarining rivojlanishida tutgan o‘rni bo‘yicha o‘tkazilgan tadqiqotlar natijalari aks ettirilgan. Shuningdek, sanoatni raqamlashtirish, elektron tijorat sohalarining mamlakat taraqqiyotidagi ahamiyati haqida fikrlar hamda aloqa, axborotlashtirish va axborot iqtisodiyoti bo‘yicha statistik tahlil natijalari keltirilgan.
282-287
83
8
PROFESSIONAL TA’LIMDA SUN’IY INTELLEKT VA “BIG DATA” TEXNOLOGIYALARINI O‘QITISHNING INNOVATSION MODELLARI
This thesis analyzes modern, innovative pedagogical models and technological approaches to teaching artificial intelligence (AI) and big data (“Big Data”) technologies in the professional education system. The study highlights the digital learning environment being formed on the basis of AI and Big Data, the possibilities of developing students’ analytical thinking, and the mechanisms for automating teacher activities. As a result, the integration of AI and Big Data is shown to be a factor that significantly increases the effectiveness of professional education.
288-293
36
6
ROBERT DANKOFFNING MAHMUD KOSHG‘ARIY VA YUSUF XOS HOJIB ASARLARIGA OID QIYOSIY TADQIQOTLARI
This article examines the scientific activity, creative formation and role in Turkology of linguist, turkologist, historian Robert Dankoff, who made a special contribution to the development of Turkology, and examines his research on the works of Mahmoud Kashgari and Yusuf Has-Hajib.
294-296
18
8
VIEWS OF EASTERN SCHOLARS ON NATIONAL MUSIC
This article examines the views of Eastern thinker scholars on national music and the role of Karakalpak national musical instruments in our national music.
567-569
26
8
METHODS USED IN PERFORMING PAINTING WORKS WITH WATERCOLORS IN FINE ART.
The article discusses the methods used in the training of future teachers of fine arts. The composition and drawing of watercolor painting should be very clear and accurate. All other shadows, penumbra, shadows - the light falling on surrounding objects, and the reflection of colors falling from one object to another (reflex) are worked out with watercolor paints with small brushes.
570-572
35
19
THE PLACE OF DEVELOPMENT AND CRITICISM IN A CULTURE OF CONVERSATION
The article analyzes the linguo-pragmatic foundations of conversational culture, its role in the process of interpersonal communication, and the functional features of criticism in the development of conversation. The substantive and formal structure of the conversation, the speech behavior of the participants in the conversation, as well as the differences between constructive and destructive types of criticism are scientifically covered. The article reveals the interrelationship between the effective organization of the conversation, the development of critical thinking, and the ethics of communication. The importance of speech culture, social consciousness, and personal responsibility factors in the development of conversational culture is also indicated.
573-580
42
15
THE TAX SYSTEM OF UZBEKISTAN AND THE AMERICAN TAX SYSTEM. SCIENTIFIC AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS.
This article provides a comparative analysis of the legal framework, structure and practical mechanisms of the tax systems of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the United States of America. The study deeply studies the role of national tax policy in ensuring economic stimulation, fiscal stability and social equality. The centralized and state-managed model of the tax system of Uzbekistan is compared with the federal-state tax system of the United States, and their legal, institutional and administrative aspects are identified. Comparative indicators are also presented for corporate and individual income tax, value added tax (VAT), and the system of investment incentives.
The results of the analysis show that the main priority of Uzbekistan's tax policy is to support economic growth and create a favorable environment for investors, while the US system is characterized by stability in taxation, legal guarantees and control mechanisms at the federal level. The article also puts forward conclusions on the need to simplify tax legislation in both countries, adapt to international standards (OECD BEPS) and digitize tax administration. This scientific analysis creates a theoretical and practical basis for determining the stage of development of Uzbekistan in the context of global tax policy and implementing effective legal solutions from the US experience in national practice.
The results of the analysis show that the main priority of Uzbekistan's tax policy is to support economic growth and create a favorable environment for investors, while the US system is characterized by stability in taxation, legal guarantees and control mechanisms at the federal level. The article also puts forward conclusions on the need to simplify tax legislation in both countries, adapt to international standards (OECD BEPS) and digitize tax administration. This scientific analysis creates a theoretical and practical basis for determining the stage of development of Uzbekistan in the context of global tax policy and implementing effective legal solutions from the US experience in national practice.
581-586
114
11
THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN LANGUAGE LEARNING
This scientific article explores the significant role of technology in modern language learning and teaching. It discusses how digital tools, online platforms, and artificial intelligence contribute to improving linguistic competence, learner motivation, and communication skills. The research highlights that technology enhances accessibility, interactivity, and personalization in the educational process, enabling learners to study languages beyond traditional classroom settings. Furthermore, it examines various forms of technological integration, including virtual classrooms, mobile-assisted learning, and multimedia-based instruction. The study also analyzes the pedagogical implications of technology use, emphasizing the necessity of teacher guidance and digital literacy. The findings indicate that when used effectively, technology supports independent learning, fosters global communication, and bridges cultural gaps among learners. However, challenges such as unequal access to resources and overreliance on digital tools remain crucial issues. Overall, this article concludes that technology plays a transformative role in developing flexible, inclusive, and future-oriented language education systems.
587-591
35
9
PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS ON RAISING A BOY AS INTERPRETED BY WESTERN PHILOSOPHERS
This article examines the philosophical views of Western philosophers on the upbringing of boys through contextual analysis. As society developed, the forms and methods used in the theory and practice of upbringing gradually changed, and we can observe that various views, opinions, and theoretical approaches related to the problems arising from upbringing and their solutions have been refined in connection with socio-historical developments. Concepts of upbringing methodology, its place and role in human life, as well as issues of its significance in practical life, were reflected in the works of such Western philosophers as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Claude Adrien Helvezi , Denis Diderot and Immanuel Kant.
592-597
29
8
MODEL OF A SYSTEM FOR DEVELOPING INTELLECTUAL SKILLS OF FUTURE PRIMARY TEACHERS
This article covers the content of the model of the system for developing intellectual skills of future primary school teachers, and the structure, criteria, and content of the blocks of the model are widely covered. Also, examples of effective methodologies and technologies used in the process of developing intellectual skills of future primary school teachers are presented. The conclusion and recommendations provide the necessary recommendations.
598-601
54
29
O‘ZBEKISTONDA VR (Virtual Reality) TEXNOLOGIYALARINING DOLZARBLIGI VA ISTIQBOLLARI
Ushbu maqolada virtual reallik (VR) texnologiyasining turizm va meditsina sohalarida qo‘llanilishining hozirgi holati, ularning ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va amaliy ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada VR texnologiyalarining inson hayotidagi o‘rni, ularning ilm-fan, iqtisodiyot va sog‘liqni saqlash tizimiga ta’siri, shuningdek, O‘zbekiston sharoitida bu yo‘nalishlarni rivojlantirish istiqbollari yoritiladi.
602-606
28
7
REFORMS, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE COURTS IN THE NEW UZBEKISTAN
In this article, the author examines issues related to achieving genuine judicial independence in the new Uzbekistan, institutional and other reforms implemented in the judicial system to ensure fair trials, the establishment of the Academy of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan to fundamentally improve the system of training highly qualified personnel in the field of justice, and the introduction of the institution of investigative judges.
607-610
35
16
SAADIY'S MASTERPIECE OF EASTERN ENLIGHTENMENT: THE CONCEPT OF "GULISTAN"
This article contains all the information about the life of the world-famous poet, psychologist Sa'diy Shirazy and his work "Gulistan", about his role in our country, and about the fact that it has been translated into several different languages.
611-615
22
4
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES RELATED TO BITCOIN, CRYPTOCURRENCIES, AND OTHER LATEST ELECTRONIC PAYMENT MEANS
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of crimes committed using Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies, and other modern electronic payment methods. It examines their legal nature, the specifics of their operation in the context of decentralization and technological anonymity, as well as the issues of legal regulation, classification, and investigation of these crimes. Particular attention is paid to a comparative analysis of criminal law approaches in various jurisdictions—the European Union, the United States, the Russian Federation, and the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Proposals for improving criminal legislation and strengthening international cooperation in combating digital crimes are formulated. The article concludes that it is necessary to develop a unified international terminology, implement specialized criminal law provisions, and develop digital forensics to effectively combat crimes committed through virtual assets.
Proposals for improving criminal legislation and strengthening international cooperation in combating digital crimes are formulated. The article concludes that it is necessary to develop a unified international terminology, implement specialized criminal law provisions, and develop digital forensics to effectively combat crimes committed through virtual assets.
616-620
24
3
CONNECTION AND ACCUMULATION OF SOLAR PHOTOELECTRIC SYSTEMS TO THE ELECTRICITY NETWORK
Currently, this is due to the problems of introducing solar photovoltaic installations into electrical power systems. When designing solar photovoltaic systems and selecting components for connecting them to the power supply system, the conditions for their long-term use are taken into account. This paper proposes a block diagram for connecting photovoltaic systems to the power supply system.
621-627
30
12
WAYS TO REDUCE PROBLEM LOANS IN THE CREDIT PORTFOLIO OF COMMERCIAL BANKS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TRASTBANK)
This article analyzes effective ways to reduce the level of problem loans (NPL - Non-Performing Loans) in the loan portfolio of commercial banks using the example of Trustbank. The study deeply studies the causes of problem loans, their impact on the profitability of banking activities, and mechanisms for their elimination. Also, the experience of reducing problem loans at Trustbank through credit risk management, digitization of the borrower assessment system, and diversification of the loan portfolio is analytically substantiated. According to the results of the study, it was found that the quality of the loan portfolio and the stability of the bank can be improved by improving the mechanisms for credit monitoring, revaluation of collateral value, and analysis of credit history in commercial banks.
628-631
36
12
LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF CAR THEFT AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
This article provides a legal analysis of car theft — that is, the unlawful appropriation of a vehicle. On one hand, it examines the legal consequences of this act from the perspective of criminal law, as well as international experience and intergovernmental legal approaches to combating this crime. On the other hand, it studies the mechanisms used in foreign countries to prevent and address car theft — including penalties, security measures, and international procedures. Based on the analysis, the article presents conclusions aimed at improving the legal and practical framework for addressing such crimes in Uzbekistan.
632-637
37
10
TECHNOLOGY OF FLAX CULTIVATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF YIELD QUALITY IN TYPICAL GRAY SOILS OF TASHKENT REGION
This article analyzes the technology of flax cultivation in typical gray soils of Tashkent region, the impact of agrotechnical measures on yield and quality indicators. As a result of the research, it was found that it is possible to increase yield by correctly choosing the timing, rate and care methods of flax seed sowing. As a result of optimizing the irrigation, fertilization and weed control system, the quality indicators of flax fiber and seed have improved.
The article also develops technological approaches suitable for local agroclimatic conditions and discusses issues of economic efficiency.
The article also develops technological approaches suitable for local agroclimatic conditions and discusses issues of economic efficiency.
638-642
36
4
OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY OF RELAXATION PROCESSES NEAR THE SINGULAR POINT OF AN AQUEOUS NON-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions and water form an interesting binary system with a complex structure of intermolecular interactions. Water possesses a branched network of hydrogen bonds, which can be disrupted by the addition of an organic solvent, altering the elastic, dynamic, and acoustic properties of the solution. Studying such changes is important both from a fundamental perspective and for applications in chemical engineering, pharmaceuticals, materials science, and other fields.
643-649
27
10
TIJORAT BANKLARIDA KREDIT PORTFELI SIFATINING MOLIYAVIY BARQARORLIKKA TA’SIRI (O‘ZSANOATQURILISHBANK ATB MISOLIDA)
The banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan is analyzed on the example of the activity of JSCB "Uzsanoatqurilishbank". The study studies the relationship between the composition of the bank's loan portfolio, the level of non-performing loans (NPL), the share of reserves and profitability indicators (ROA, ROE) for the period 2019-2024. The analysis shows that as the quality of the loan portfolio increases, the bank's financial stability indicators change in a positive direction, that is, a decrease in the share of non-performing loans increases profitability and capital adequacy. Based on the results of the study, the author proposes to introduce modern methods of credit risk management in banks - "credit scoring" systems, the IFRS 9 Expected Credit Loss model and digital credit monitoring platforms. These measures will serve to strengthen the financial stability of commercial banks and improve the quality of the loan portfolio.
650-652
48
18
FALSAFIY G’OYALAR VA NAZARIYALAR: ASOSIY YO’NALISHLARI VA VAZIFALARI
Ushbu maqolada falsafa fanini mohiyati, falsafiy g’oyalar va nazariyalar, falsafa faning yo’nalishlari, vazifalari ya’ni yoshlarni zamonaviy fan yutuqlariga asoslangan falsafiy bilimlar bilan qurollashtirish hamda ularda o’z o’zini anglash, falsafiy mushohada qilish va to’g’ri fikrlash mahorati, ko’nikma va maklakalarini shaklantirishdan iborat.
653-655
28
11
ZIYO ZUKKO UMUMTA’LIM MAKTABIDA INTERAKTIV DARSLAR VA XALQARO NATIJALAR
Zamonaviy ta’lim tizimida o‘quvchilarning bilim darajasini oshirish bilan bir qatorda, ularni mustaqil fikrlaydigan, ijodkor va tashabbuskor shaxs sifatida tarbiyalash muhim o‘rin tutadi. “Ziyo Zukko” umumta’lim maktabi aynan shunday yondashuvni o‘z faoliyatining markaziga qo‘ygan. Ayniqsa, ingliz tili faniga alohida e’tibor qaratilib, darslar zamonaviy va interaktiv usullar asosida tashkil etilmoqda.
656-658
43
11
BOLALARDA BADIIY TA’LIM VA KOGNITIV RIVOJLANISH
This article analyzes the impact of artistic education on children’s cognitive development. Artistic education is considered an essential factor in forming aesthetic perception, imagination, thinking, and emotional sensitivity in children. The study reveals the role of artistic activities in developing cognitive functions such as logical thinking, memory, attention, and creativity among preschool and early school-aged children. It also discusses the integration of art subjects into modern education as a means to enhance intellectual potential.
659-666
51
5
AHOLI BANDLIGINI TA’MINLASHDA BANK KREDITLARINING O‘RNI (AITB IPAK YO'LI BANK MISOLIDA)
This scientific article deeply studies the role of commercial banks, in particular the Joint-Stock Innovative Commercial Bank "Ipak Yuli", in ensuring employment. The main objective of the study is to determine the impact of bank credit policy on economic activity, small business development and job creation. The article is prepared on the basis of statistical data from recent years, bank reports and official analytical data of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan. During the study, economic-statistical and correlation analysis methods were used to determine the relationship between the volume of loans allocated by the "Ipak Yuli" Bank and the number of new jobs created. The results show that there is a strong positive correlation of 0.92 coefficient between the growth of bank loans and the level of employment, which confirms that the effective allocation of financial resources stimulates economic activity. In particular, more than 30 thousand new jobs were created during 2020-2024 through microloans and family entrepreneurship programs. The article also analyzes the initiatives of the Silk Road Bank in supporting youth and women's entrepreneurship, digital credit products ("Ipak Mobile", "Online Microloan") and the social effectiveness of the unsecured microcredit system. It also highlights the contribution of bank loans to socio-economic stability, reducing income inequality, and supporting regional employment policies.
667-669
40
16
THE ROLE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN INCREASING SOIL FERTILITY AND THEIR IMAGES ON THE MAP.
This article analyzes the importance of mineral fertilizers in increasing soil fertility, their types and principles of application. It also covers the scientific and methodological foundations of creating fertilizer use maps using modern geographic information systems (GIS).
670-672
46
39
THE IMPORTANCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN CULTIVATING CINTER IN GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS
This article discusses the role of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of cucumbers in greenhouse conditions, their types, standards and effective methods of application.
Also, the effect of fertilizers on cucumber yield and fruit quality is analyzed on a scientific basis.
Also, the effect of fertilizers on cucumber yield and fruit quality is analyzed on a scientific basis.
673-677
40
14
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NATIONAL MENTALITY: OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS
This article examines the opportunities and risks of artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of Uzbekistan, with special attention to its interaction with national mentality and cultural values. In the 21st century, technologies such as ChatGPT, Midjourney, and DALL·E have created new perspectives for education, medicine, economy, and culture. At the same time, these tools present significant challenges to independent thinking, language preservation, and cultural identity. The study employs a comparative approach, analyzing international practices (United States, China, South Korea) and comparing them with the realities of Uzbekistan.
Particular emphasis is placed on mechanisms for adapting AI technologies to the local context, including the development of Uzbek-language digital platforms, protection of cultural heritage, and strengthening critical thinking skills among youth. The paper also highlights statistical data from UNESCO and the Ministry of Higher Education of Uzbekistan, which show both the rapid progress and potential vulnerabilities of digital transformation. The originality of the research lies in its focus on safeguarding national mentality against global technological influence while still benefiting from AI innovations. By analyzing both opportunities and risks, the article proposes strategies for harmonizing technological progress with cultural preservation.
It concludes that the future of Uzbekistan depends not only on technological achievements but also on its ability to integrate AI with national values, thus ensuring sustainable development in the age of globalization.
Particular emphasis is placed on mechanisms for adapting AI technologies to the local context, including the development of Uzbek-language digital platforms, protection of cultural heritage, and strengthening critical thinking skills among youth. The paper also highlights statistical data from UNESCO and the Ministry of Higher Education of Uzbekistan, which show both the rapid progress and potential vulnerabilities of digital transformation. The originality of the research lies in its focus on safeguarding national mentality against global technological influence while still benefiting from AI innovations. By analyzing both opportunities and risks, the article proposes strategies for harmonizing technological progress with cultural preservation.
It concludes that the future of Uzbekistan depends not only on technological achievements but also on its ability to integrate AI with national values, thus ensuring sustainable development in the age of globalization.
678-681
35
7
PROFESSIONAL NUTQIY JANRLARNING XUSUSIY TURLARI
This article provides information about the private types of professional colloquial genres, their classification criteria, private types and groups, which are a type of colloquial genre. As a private type of Professional colloquial genre, medical professional genres are especially touched upon, in which jargons used, scientific and professional terms are specifically addressed and analyzed.
682-688
60
21
MARKAZIY OSIYODAGI SUV TAHDIDI: SAREZ KO‘LI ATROFIDAGI SIYOSAT VA XAVFSIZLIK
Ushbu maqolada Markaziy Osiyoda joylashgan Sarez ko‘lining tabiiy-geografik va texnik xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Ko‘lning potensial ekologik xavflari, ayniqsa, seysmik faollik va to‘g‘on barqarorligi masalalari yoritiladi. Shuningdek, Tojikiston Respublikasi va qo‘shni davlatlar, xususan, O‘zbekiston o‘rtasida ushbu xavf yuzasidan olib borilgan va borilayotgan muloqotlar va hamkorlik yondashuvlari o‘rganiladi. Maqola geosiyosiy, ekologik va xavfsizlik nuqtai nazaridan kompleks tahlilga asoslanadi.
689-691
242
39
O’ZBEKISTONNING MARKAZIY OSIYO DAVLATLARI BILAN MUNOSABATLARI TARIXI (1991-2025)
Ushbu maqolada O’zbekistonning 1991-yildan 2025-yilgacha bo’lgan muddatda Qozog’iston, Tojikiston, Qirg’iziston va Turkmaniston bilan siyosiy, iqtisodiy, madaniy aloqalarining bosqichma-bosqich rivojlanishi yoritib berilgan. Shuningdek, Markaziy Osiyo Hamkorlik Tashkiloti, Mustaqil Davlatlar Hamdo’stligi (MDH) va Shanxay Hamkorlik Tashkiloti (SHHT) kabi mintaqaviy tuzilmalar doirasidagi integratsiya jarayonlariga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Maqolada 2016-yildan so’ng Prezident Shavkat Mirziyoyev o’z davrida “ochiq va pragmatik” tashqi siyosat olib borganligi va buning natijasida mintaqaviy diplomatik aloqalarning sezilarli darajada barqarorlashganligi haqida ham ma’lumot berilgan.
692-695
26
11
THE IMPORTANCE OF RELIGIOUS TEACHINGS AND SPORTS LAW PRINCIPLES IN ENHANCING ATHLETES’ PERFORMANCE
The article analyzes the harmony between religious teachings and sports law principles in athletes’ activities and their role in enhancing performance. Religious values—such as patience, honesty, moral integrity, and self-discipline—form the athlete’s psychological and moral foundation, while sports law regulates their activities based on fairness and equal opportunities. The combination of these principles promotes discipline, responsibility, motivation, a healthy lifestyle, stress management, avoidance of doping, and team cohesion.
Thus, religious values and sports law serve as complementary foundations for achieving high performance in sports.
Thus, religious values and sports law serve as complementary foundations for achieving high performance in sports.
696-702
148
37
O’ZBEKISTONNING TURKIY DAVLATLAR BILAN ALOQALARI TARIXI
Hammamizga ma’lumki, madaniy va lisoniy kelib chiqishi bir bo’lgan Turkiy davlatlarning o’zaro aloqalari bugungi kunda yangi bosqichga ko’tarildi. Yo’lga qo’yilgan bu aloqalar dunyo miqyosida ham o’z o’rni va ahamiyatiga ega. Mamlakatlarning til, madaniyat, tarix va yana bir qancha yo’nalishlar bo’yicha o’rnatgan hamkorliklari turkiy xalqlar o’rtasida tinchlik va totuvlikni mustahkamlanishiga ulkan hissa qo’shibgina qolmay, taraqqiyot va rivojlanish yo’lida ham bir mayoq sifatida xizmat qiladi. Ushbu maqolada O’zbekiston Respublikasining 1991-2025-yillar mobaynida Turkiy davlatlar bilan o’rnatgan aloqalari tarixi yoritib beriladi.
703-707
68
30
TABIIY FANLARNI O‘QITISHDA RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALARDAN FOYDALANISHNI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Ushbu maqolada tabiiy fanlarni o‘qitishda raqamli texnologiyalardan foydalanishning ahamiyati, zamonaviy yondashuvlar hamda ta’lim jarayonini takomillashtirishning samarali usullari yoritilgan. Raqamli vositalar yordamida o‘quvchilarning mustaqil fikrlashi, tajriba o‘tkazish ko‘nikmalari va fanlarga bo‘lgan qiziqishlari rivojlanishining pedagogik asoslari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, o‘qituvchilar uchun raqamli platformalardan foydalanish bo‘yicha metodik tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.
708-715
47
4
ЛЕЧЕНИЕ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ОСТРЫХ КИШЕЧНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ ГРУДНОГО ВОЗРАСТА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ БАД
Острые кишечные инфекции (ОКИ) у детей грудного возраста остаются одной из ведущих причин заболеваемости и госпитализаций в раннем детстве.
Высокая восприимчивость младенцев к инфекциям обусловлена анатомо-физиологическими особенностями пищеварительной системы, незрелостью иммунитета и нарушениями микробиоценоза кишечника. В проведённом исследовании оценена эффективность применения биологически активных добавок (БАД), содержащих пробиотики и пребиотики, в составе комплексной терапии ОКИ. В исследование включено 35 детей в возрасте от 3 до 12 месяцев, разделённых на две группы: основную (с применением БАД) и контрольную (стандартная терапия). Установлено, что использование пробиотических и пребиотических комплексов способствует более быстрому купированию клинических симптомов, нормализации стула и сокращению длительности заболевания. Отмечено достоверное увеличение количества Bifidobacterium spp. и Lactobacillus spp., снижение условно-патогенной флоры и восстановление метаболической активности кишечной микробиоты. Таким образом, применение БАД в терапии и профилактике острых кишечных инфекций у младенцев является патогенетически обоснованным, безопасным и эффективным методом, способствующим восстановлению микробиоценоза и снижению риска рецидивов заболевания.
Высокая восприимчивость младенцев к инфекциям обусловлена анатомо-физиологическими особенностями пищеварительной системы, незрелостью иммунитета и нарушениями микробиоценоза кишечника. В проведённом исследовании оценена эффективность применения биологически активных добавок (БАД), содержащих пробиотики и пребиотики, в составе комплексной терапии ОКИ. В исследование включено 35 детей в возрасте от 3 до 12 месяцев, разделённых на две группы: основную (с применением БАД) и контрольную (стандартная терапия). Установлено, что использование пробиотических и пребиотических комплексов способствует более быстрому купированию клинических симптомов, нормализации стула и сокращению длительности заболевания. Отмечено достоверное увеличение количества Bifidobacterium spp. и Lactobacillus spp., снижение условно-патогенной флоры и восстановление метаболической активности кишечной микробиоты. Таким образом, применение БАД в терапии и профилактике острых кишечных инфекций у младенцев является патогенетически обоснованным, безопасным и эффективным методом, способствующим восстановлению микробиоценоза и снижению риска рецидивов заболевания.
716-720
156
16
COMPARISON OF SIDERAL® AND STANDARD ORAL IRON THERAPIES IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: EFFICACY AND TOLERABILITY STUDY
The study compares SiderAL® (Sucrosomial® Iron) and traditional ferrous sulfate in treating anemia in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sixty children aged 5–15 years with CKD stages II–IV and iron deficiency anemia participated in a 12-week randomized study. Results showed that both therapies improved hemoglobin and serum iron levels, but SiderAL® produced significantly better results and fewer gastrointestinal side effects (6.7% vs. 26.7%). Treatment adherence was also higher with SiderAL® (93.3%). Thus, SiderAL® proved to be more effective and better tolerated than standard iron preparations for managing anemia in children with CKD.
721-729
44
10
DINIY MATNLAR KORPUSI UCHUN IZOHTALAB SO‘ZLARNI SEMANTIK TAVSIFLASH USULLARI
A corpus of religious texts is a system of processed religious texts, and its creation will be a factor in improving the work on issues such as understanding the content of religious texts, automatic semantic analysis, and machine translation. It will also improve the quality of queries and translations related to religious texts in search engines and translation systems and improve the large database. It can be an object for effective research such as lexicography and ontology. The article shows the semantic field and semantic groups among the 428 lexical units studied for the corpus of religious texts based on the publication of the Islamic scholar Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf's "Sakhihul Bukhari" 1-juz (2019) and reveals the semantic labeling of these lexical units. Also, the article studies the lexical units “Book” and “Hadith”, which are the most frequently occurring words in religious texts, based on thematic grouping, semantic tagging, and analysis based on keywords and word combinations. As a result of the study, a total of 17 thematic groups were formed. The semantic problems and semantic description methods analyzed in this study are the most important factor in corpus linguistics analysis and methodologies.
730-733
200
33
JAMIYAT VA SHAXS O‘RTASIDAGI MUNOSABAT: ERKINLIK VA MAJBURIYAT
Ushbu maqolada jamiyat va shaxs o‘rtasidagi murakkab falsafiy munosabat, inson erkinligi hamda ijtimoiy majburiyatning o‘zaro bog‘liqligi tahlil qilinadi.
Shuningdek, shaxsning ijtimoiy ong shakllanishi, axloqiy mas’uliyati va jamiyatdagi o‘rni haqida fikr yuritiladi.
Shuningdek, shaxsning ijtimoiy ong shakllanishi, axloqiy mas’uliyati va jamiyatdagi o‘rni haqida fikr yuritiladi.
734-737
526
14
BOSHLANG’ICH SINF ONA TILI DARSLARIDA MATN USTIDA ISHLASH METODIKASI
Ona tili darsi boshlang‘ich ta’lim jarayonining eng muhim komponentlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Bu bosqichda o‘quvchilar nafaqat so‘z boyligi va grammatik qoidalarga ega bo‘lishadi, balki til orqali fikr yuritish, voqea-hodisalarni tahlil qilish, o‘z fikrini aniq ifodalash kabi muhim ko‘nikmalarni ham egallaydilar. Shu jihatdan matn ustida ishlash jarayoni o‘quvchilarning nutqiy va yozma kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishning samarali vositasi sifatida ajralib turadi.
303-305
50
11
PEDAGOGIK KONFLIKTNI HAL ETISHDA MILLIY MENTALITETNING ROLI
This article analyzes the role of national mentality in resolving pedagogical conflicts that arise in the educational process. The essence of pedagogical conflictology, the causes of conflicts, their impact on interpersonal relationships, and methods of resolving disagreements between teachers, students, and parents are discussed.
306-309
345
26
TABIIY FANLARNI O‘QITISHDA VIRTUAL LABORATORIYALAR VA SIMULYATSIYA TEXNOLOGIYALARINING O‘QUV SAMARADORLIGIGA TA’SIRI
Ushbu tezisda tabiiy fanlarni o‘qitishda virtual laboratoriyalar va simulyatsion dasturlardan foydalanishning pedagogik imkoniyatlari hamda ularning o‘quvchilarning bilim, ko‘nikma va amaliy faoliyatini rivojlantirishdagi o‘rni tahlil qilingan.
Shuningdek, raqamli ta’lim muhitida virtual tajribalar orqali o‘quv jarayonini modellashtirishning afzalliklari, o‘qituvchining metodik yondashuvi va o‘quvchilarning motivatsiyasiga ta’siri ko‘rsatib berilgan.
Shuningdek, raqamli ta’lim muhitida virtual tajribalar orqali o‘quv jarayonini modellashtirishning afzalliklari, o‘qituvchining metodik yondashuvi va o‘quvchilarning motivatsiyasiga ta’siri ko‘rsatib berilgan.
310-313
95
5
PEDAGOGIK TA’LIMDA XALQARO PROJECT-BASED LEARNING (PBL) TAJRIBALARINING INTEGRATSIYASI VA MAHALLIY SHAROITGA MOSLASHTIRILGAN ADAPTATSIYASI
This article analyzes the integration of international Project-Based Learning (PBL) experiences into pedagogical education and their adaptation to the conditions of Uzbekistan. The role of advanced PBL models in countries such as the USA, Finland, and Singapore is examined, along with the challenges and solutions for implementing PBL in the national education system. The research results confirm the effectiveness of the PBL method in developing student competencies and provide recommendations for its implementation in pedagogical higher education institutions.
314-315
60
5
BOLALARDA IJTIMOIY KO’NIKMALARNI SHAKLLANTIRISHDA O’YIN FAOLIYATINING AHAMIYATI
This article analyzes the role and importance of play in the process of developing social skills in children based on scientific sources and modern statistical data. The article discusses the psychological mechanisms, pedagogical conditions, and practical recommendations for developing social skills through play.
316-319
31
15
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE APPLICATION OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
The following areas of advanced foreign experience in ensuring the service activities of internal affairs officers were considered: the system of selection based on open and closed competitive examinations in the formation of personnel of internal affairs bodies, the practice of filling leadership positions in internal affairs bodies through elections, work on providing personnel aimed at training reserve personnel from among promising young people, the system of protecting the interests of internal affairs officers through trade unions. Also, the prospects for applying this positive experience in the internal affairs bodies of the Republic of Uzbekistan were determined.
320-324
143
9
INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGY AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF INNOVATIVE THEORIES IN EDUCATION
In this study, we believe that the use of innovative pedagogical theories of education is desirable when using modern innovative methods in education. The reason is that the form of collaborative education based on innovative education based on effective educational programs is currently yielding good results. There is an opportunity to improve the quality of education by applying new pedagogical methods and new educational theories in the education system. Theoretical data on the use of pedagogical methods based on modern innovative educational programs are presented.
325-327
280
35
ADOLAT TUSHUNCHASI VA IJTIMOIY TENGLIK
Ushbu tezisda adolat tushunchasining falsafiy mohiyati, uning jamiyat hayotidagi o‘rni va ijtimoiy tenglik bilan o‘zaro aloqasi tahlil qilinadi. Adolat — inson va jamiyat o‘rtasidagi muvozanatni ta’minlovchi asosiy qadriyat sifatida yoritiladi. Maqolada adolatning tarixiy shakllanishi, ijtimoiy tenglikka ta’siri va zamonaviy demokratik jamiyatlarda uning amaliy ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqiladi.
328-331
125
13
MASOFAVIY TA’LIMDA PEDAGOGIK INTERAKTIVLIKNI TA’MINLASH USULLARI
Ushbu tezisda masofaviy ta’lim tizimida pedagogik interaktivlikni ta’minlashning nazariy va amaliy asoslari yoritilgan. Masofaviy ta’limda o‘qituvchi va o‘quvchi o‘rtasidagi samarali muloqotni yo‘lga qo‘yish, interfaol metodlardan foydalanish hamda raqamli platformalar yordamida o‘quv jarayonini faol tashkil etish usullari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalarning masofaviy ta’limda qo‘llanish imkoniyatlari ham ko‘rib chiqilgan.
332-334
126
5
BOSHLANG’ICH SINF DARSLARIDA PEDAGOGIK TEXNOLOGIYALARDAN FOYDALANISHNING AHAMIYATI
Tezisda boshlang‘ich sinflarda pedagogik texnologiyalardan foydalanishning ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Pedagogik texnologiyalar dars samaradorligini oshirish, o‘quvchilarning bilim, ko‘nikma va kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish hamda ularni mustaqil va ijodiy fikrlashga rag‘batlantirishda muhim vosita sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada interaktiv metodlar, axborot-kommunikatsion texnologiyalar (AKT), vizual va multimedia vositalari hamda loyihaviy faoliyatlar orqali boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining ijodiy, intellektual va kommunikativ ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirish imkoniyatlari ta’riflanadi.
335-338
28
5
MORAL, POLITICAL AND LEGAL FACTORS OF ENSURING INTER-ETHNIC HARMONY AND RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN MODERNIZING UZBEKISTAN
This article talks about the moral, political and legal factors of ensuring inter-ethnic harmony and religious tolerance in Uzbekistan.
433-436
32
18
PROFESSIONAL TA’LIMNI BOSHQARISHDA XORIJIY TAJRIBALAR VA O‘ZBEKISTON SHAROITIDA ULARNING QO‘LLANILISHI
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the best practices in managing the professional education system in foreign countries, their organizational, legal, pedagogical and economic aspects. It also covers the areas of modernization of the professional education system in the Republic of Uzbekistan, adaptation of international experiences to national conditions, and improvement of the management system. The article analyzes the management models of countries with advanced education systems, such as Germany, South Korea, Finland and Singapore, and substantiates the possibilities of their implementation in the Uzbek education system based on an analytical approach.
443-446
211
46
O‘QUVCHILARDA TANQIDIY FIKRLASHNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING PEDAGOGIK ASOSLARI
Ushbu tezisda o‘quvchilarda tanqidiy fikrlashni shakllantirishning nazariy asoslari, uning pedagogik mohiyati va ta’lim jarayonidagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, tanqidiy fikrlashni rivojlantirishga xizmat qiluvchi metodik yondashuvlar, interfaol metodlar va o‘qituvchining pedagogik mahorati bilan bog‘liq jihatlar yoritilgan.
447-449
364
31
BOSHLANG’ICH SINFLARDA SINFDAN TASHQARI ISHLARNI TASHKIL ETISHNING ZAMONAVIY SHAKLLARI
Ushbu tezisda boshlang‘ich sinflarda sinfdan tashqari ishlarni tashkil etishning zamonaviy shakllari, ularning pedagogik ahamiyati va o‘quvchilarning bilim, ijodiy, intellektual va ijtimoiy ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishdagi roli tahlil qilinadi. Intellektual o‘yinlar, ijodiy loyihalar, madaniy va sport tadbirlari, ekologik va ijtimoiy loyihalar, shuningdek, to‘garaklar va klublar kabi zamonaviy shakllar orqali o‘quvchilar mustaqil fikrlash, ijodiy yondashuv, jamoaviy ishlash va yetakchilik ko‘nikmalarini shakllantiradi. Maqola pedagoglar uchun sinfdan tashqari faoliyatlarni samarali tashkil etish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar beradi.
450-453
44
13
KASBIY TAʼLIM TIZIMINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISHGA QARATILGAN ISLOHOTLAR
In this article, the author discusses the reforms currently being implemented in our country to improve the professional education system, train competitive specialists with sufficient knowledge and skills to meet modern requirements, develop the professional education system, adapt it to international standards, and integrate it into the local and international labor markets.
454-459
29
53
SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW LABOR LEGISLATION AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
In this article, the features of the new version of the Labor Code, the importance of introducing the interdepartmental software-hardware complex “Uniform National Labor System”, as well as the international experience of regulating labor relations and establishing effective social protection of workers in Uzbekistan are analyzed. explained about doing.
460-462
32
8
O'ZBEKISTONDA INKLYUZIV JAMIYAT QURISHDA GENDER TENGLIKNING ROLI
This article analyzes the role of gender equality in building an inclusive society in Uzbekistan. It discusses reforms and strategies aimed at ensuring equal rights and opportunities for men and women and evaluates their impact on social and economic development. Based on statistical data and academic perspectives, the study highlights gender equality as a key foundation for a fair and sustainable society.
463-465
265
52
SAʼDIY SHEROZIYNING GULISTON ASARINING SHARQ ADABIYOTIDA TUTGAN OʻRNI
This thesis is an analysis of the position of the work "Guliston" in oriental literature, which holds an important place in Persian-Tajik literature, by our ancestor Sa'di Shirazi, a writer, poet, scholar and great thinker, who is revered as the master of the ghazal genre, and the stories in it.
738-741
38
21
ЎЗБЕКИСТОН РЕСПУБЛИКАСИ ЖИНОЯТ КОДЕКСИ УМУМИЙ ҚИСМИ НОРМАЛАРИ ТУЗИЛИШИ МУАММОЛАРИ СИФАТИДА НОРМАЛАР РАҚОБАТИ
Жиноятларни қоплаш жиноят ҳуқуқднинг тадқиқ этишга анча мухтож муаммоларидан бири булишига карамай, мутахассислар томонидан кам ўрганилган. Шу сабабли тергов-суд амалиётида кўплаб бахс ва мунозаралар келиб чикмокда.
741-745
35
11
GROUNDS FOR CANCELLATION OF AN EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the legal basis, procedures and norms established by labor legislation for the termination of an employment contract. The process of terminating an employment contract, which is one of the important stages of labor relations, the rights and obligations of the employee and the employer, as well as the legal consequences that arise depending on the initiator of the termination, are considered. The article analyzes the cases of termination of the contract at the initiative of the employer, at the request of the employee and by mutual agreement of the parties based on the current norms of the Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It also covers cases of illegal termination of an employment contract and mechanisms for their prevention. This article serves as a useful scientific and theoretical resource for students conducting scientific research in the field of labor law, legal specialists and employers.
158-161
115
20
JAHON MAMLAKATLARIDA TAʼLIM TIZIMINING INTEGRATSIYALASHUVI
ushbu maqola bugungi jahon mamlakatlari taʼlim-tarbiya sohasidagi islohotlar, jahon mamlakatlarida pedagogikaning faoliyati va vazifalari haqida.
162-163
81
16
FARZANDLIKKA OLISH INSTITUTINING HUQUQIY, XALQARO VA SUD AMALIYOTI ASOSLARI
mazkur tezisda farzandlikka olish institutining O‘zbekiston Respublikasidagi huquqiy asoslari, xalqaro me’yorlar bilan o‘zaro uyg‘unligi va sud amaliyotida qo‘llanilish holatlari tahlil qilingan. Oila kodeksi, Bola huquqlarining kafolatlari to‘g‘risidagi Qonun hamda BMT va Gaaga konvensiyalariga asoslangan holda milliy qonunchilikni xalqaro standartlarga muvofiqlashtirish zarurati yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda bola manfaatlari ustuvorligi tamoyilining sud amaliyotidagi ifodasi tahlil etiladi.
164-168
71
37
O‘ZBEK VA INGLIZ ADABIYOTIDA TARIXIY ROMAN JANRINING RIVOJLANISH TENDENSIYALARI (A.QODIRIY VA W. SCOTT ASARLARI QIYOSIDA)
Ushbu tezisda o‘zbek adibi Abdulla Qodiriy va ingliz yozuvchisi Walter Scott ijodi misolida tarixiy roman janrining shakllanishi, badiiy xususiyatlari va tarixni talqin etish tamoyillari tahlil qilinadi. Har ikki adibning asarlarida tarixiy voqealar, xalq ruhiyati, davr muammolari va milliy o‘zlik masalasi qanday badiiy yoritilgani qiyosiy jihatdan ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola o‘zbek va ingliz adabiyotidagi tarixiy roman an’analarining o‘zaro yaqinligi hamda milliy xususiyatlarini ilmiy tahlil qilishga qaratilgan.
169-172
33
10
INNOVATSION TA’LIM TEXNOLOGIYALARI VA ULARNI QO‘LLASHNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI
This article explores the role and significance of innovative educational technologies in the modern educational process, the methodological foundations for their implementation, and the current pressing issues in their application. The use of innovative approaches in education plays a crucial role in developing students’ creative thinking, improving educational efficiency, and enhancing teachers’ professional activities. The article also addresses existing challenges in applying innovative technologies and offers practical recommendations to overcome these issues within the pedagogical process.
173-175
43
12
JISMONIY MADANIYAT VOSITALARINI QO'LLASH ORQALI SALOMATLIK HOLATIDA NUQSONLARI BOR SHAXSLARNI JISMONIY SOG'LOMLASHTIRISH
This article examines the issues of improving the health of people with disabilities through physical education. The aim is to assess the impact of adaptive physical education and sports programs on the physical, psychological and social development of people with disabilities based on a literature review. The results show that a targeted exercise complex improves the functioning of the musculoskeletal system, strengthens cardiovascular health and normalizes the psycho-emotional state.
176-181
82
13
“KALILA VA DIMNA” QO‘LYOZMA NUSXALARIDA OBRAZLARNING BADIIY IFODALANISHI
This article discusses the artistic analysis of the main and various supporting characters in the parables in the introductory chapters of the Turkish manuscript of the work "Kalila and Dimna", which is equally beloved by all peoples.
182-184
37
12
CREATIVITY: AS A FACTOR OF INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS AND YOUTH
This thesis discusses the level of creative, intellectual and spiritual potential of young students who make a huge contribution to the advancement of our development, the level of development of their knowledge skills, and the high level of creative thinking culture of young people in the education system, their contribution to the prosperity of the country, the opportunities, incentives, and support provided to them, and the factors that prevent them from limiting their world of possibilities.
185-187
53
15
MOBIL DASTURLARDA NUTQNI MATNGA O‘TKAZISH TEXNOLOGIYALARINING TAHLILI
Mazkur tezisda mobil dasturlarda nutqni matnga o‘tkazish texnologiyalarining ishlash tamoyillari, asosiy bosqichlari va zamonaviy neyron modellar asosidagi yondashuvlar tahlil qilinadi. Nutqni matnga o‘tkazish jarayonining akustik modeli, til modeli va xususiyat ajratish bosqichlari ilmiy jihatdan o‘rganilgan. Shuningdek, Android platformasida STT texnologiyasini joriy etish usullari va amaliy kod namunasi keltirilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari STT texnologiyalarining mobil tizimlardagi qulaylik darajasini oshirishi, foydalanuvchi bilan muloqotni tabiiylashtirishi hamda o‘zbek tili uchun ham keng istiqbolli yo‘nalish ekanini ko‘rsatadi.
188-190
31
7
TECHNICAL BASIS OF IMPLEMENTING WASTE-FREE PRODUCTION PROCESS IN MACHINERY PLANTS
environmental sustainability and efficient use of resources in the modern machine-building network is one of the important strategic directions. The concept of waste-free production allows you to minimize the waste generated in production processes, process them or reuse them as secondary raw materials. It serves not only to protect the environment, but also to reduce the cost of production and increase the competitiveness of the enterprise.
