ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
348
THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Sidikov Sanjarbek Davronbekovich
Republic of Karakalpakstan.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17417774
Annotation.
This article discusses the theory and methodology of physical education.
Keywords:
physical education, culture, sport, organism.
ТЕОРИЯ И МЕТОДИКА ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО ВОСПИТАНИЯ
Аннотация.
В статье рассматриваются теория и методика физического
воспитания.
Ключевые слова:
физическое воспитание, культура, спорт, организм.
The science of physical education theory studies and generalizes the general biological
laws that affect physical education and sports and the organism. It reveals the goals and
objectives of the physical education system, means and methods, principles, physical load and
the laws of its application, the characteristics of physical education in the links of physical
education, sports activities related to mental, moral, aesthetic and labor education of physical
education and their laws. The theory of physical education develops in close connection with
practice. The source of development is scientific research and scientific experiments conducted
in our republic. Neither a person nor a society can cancel or change the laws of objective
development, since they exist independently of a person. For example, the gradual quantitative
and qualitative changes of the organism, the law of functional and structural changes in the
organism, the unity of the organism and its living conditions, etc. laws. However, together with
the laws, it is possible to influence the natural development process (including the physical
development of the organism) by giving it a direction in a certain structure that meets the needs
of society and the individual. In this regard, physical culture, as a special social factor,
purposefully influences the process of physical development of a person and helps to educate his
physical qualities and abilities in a targeted manner. The physical development of a person is
influenced by the conditions of social life, upbringing, including physical education, genetics and
the process of astral projection. Physical culture first of all arose historically under the influence
of the practical requirements of society in preparing the younger generation and adults for labor.
At the same time, in the formation of the system of education and upbringing in society,
physical culture, as a key factor, has organically entered the implementation of various
movement skills and competencies and the expansion of a person's opportunities for activity,
physical abilities, as well as intellectual, moral and aesthetic education.
In the conditions of technical progress, changes in the nature of labor and living
conditions, a person's physical culture is used as a great asset, as a means of preventing disease,
improving the functional work of the organism, increasing and maintaining performance, in
short, preserving and strengthening his physical condition at the highest level. That is why
physical culture has become a large and integral part of general culture. Like the culture of
society in general, it is necessary to consider physical culture from different sides and in
different areas.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
349
To give a relatively complete description, it is necessary to consider at least three areas:
1. As an activity (culture is the process of organizing activity in accordance with the
purpose);
2. As a wealth of objects (culture is a set of objects that create a certain wealth to satisfy
the needs of society and the individual);
3. As a result (culture is the result of activity);
1. Physical culture as a type of activity is a specific, purposeful movement activity of a
person. In other words, specific forms of movement activity are indicated. Physical culture does
not include all forms of movement, but specific exercises of movement activity that can form the
necessary movement skills and abilities in life, are significant for life, ensure the directed
development of physical qualities, and maintain a person's health and working capacity at a high
level. The main elements of such physical culture activities are called physical exercises.
Historical studies have shown that the forms that influenced physical culture, returning to
the first elementary forms of labor activity, were more in the nature of physical labor. In the
further development of physical culture, it includes more and more specially designed forms of
movement and activity (games, sports, gymnastics) to solve cultural, educational, health-
improving and other tasks. Physical culture remains a means of practical preparation for labor
practice as before. This leads to physical training that ensures the rapid acquisition of labor
skills, the development of skills and abilities necessary for productive work and solving practical
tasks in life, physical qualities, and high working capacity.
2. Physical culture - as a wealth of subject matter - is the result of the effective provision
of material and material wealth created by society, physical culture activities. At each stage of
the development of physical culture, the content of wealth (wealth that satisfies human needs)
can be taught, used and further developed by whoever is engaged in it, as far as possible. Here
we mean the most widespread forms of physical culture today: gymnastics, sports, games of the
sports game type, physical exercises, which are included in the practical and other sections of
physical culture. In the course of the long development of social life and activity, the content and
form of physical culture gradually diverged (education and upbringing, material production and
service activities, everyday life and recreation, medicine), which led to the formation of many
socially significant sections in physical culture: school, production, life, recreational treatment,
physical culture, etc. Achievements in sports depend on specially prepared material technical and
other conditions to increase the effectiveness of physical culture in society (medical supply,
sports information, special sports equipment and equipment).
3. Physical culture is characterized by the integral use of the necessary results as a result
of activity, its culturalization as a subject wealth in society. These include, in part: physical
fitness acquired as a result of physical culture activities and, on this basis, the achievement of the
stage of improvement of movement, skills and abilities, the level of vital forces, sports
achievements, the results achieved in contact with physical culture. Thus, physical culture
activities are not only external relations with a person, but also in the form of internal wealth,
combined as skills, qualifications, abilities. The result of the full inclusion of all areas of physical
culture in the image of social life, in a specific organic environment, is the achievement of a
complex indicator of the physical development of the population.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
350
Extensive scientific research in physical culture began much later than in a number of
other areas of culture. The practical expansion of the physical culture movement and the
increasing potential of physical culture in the life of society increased the demand for its
scientific thinking, and at the same time created opportunities for its implementation in life.
The revival of scientific knowledge about physical culture in various sections of the
system did not occur simultaneously. Before other sections, knowledge about physical education
appeared. This was due, first of all, to the fact that physical education, as the main form of
physical culture, from the very beginning of its history, constituted a large part of the general
social practice of education. The theory and methodology of physical education that arose on its
basis developed directly in connection with the science of pedagogy and was formed much
earlier as a relatively developed scientific and practical subject. The declaration of education as a
priority in the field of social development of our state in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan
“On Education” imposed great and responsible tasks on the science of physical culture. Some of
the main issues of the scientific theory of physical education were put forward in our country by
great scientists and public figures (including Abu Ali ibn Sino, Amir Temur). The theory and
methodology of physical education were formalized as a subject of study in higher physical
culture education. Among the specially formed subjects, the subject directly related to physical
culture is the theory of physical education. However, it cannot reflect the entire theory of
physical education, because physical culture is not manifested only in the form of physical
education. Another developed subject that generalizes scientific knowledge in the field of
physical culture is the theory of sports. The rapid development of this science, especially in
recent decades, was due to the high sports results shown at the Olympic Games and in the
international sports movement in general. It is worth noting that international competitions
introduced our independent Uzbekistan to the world. Raising our youth as spiritually and
physically mature people is the main task of our society, which is striving for a great future.
Because only physically strong, spiritually mature people can determine the development
of society.
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