DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71337/inlibrary.uz.science-research.139285Keywords:
nuclear chemistry nuclear medicine radionuclides radiopharmaceuticals PET SPECT theranostics radionuclide therapy alpha emitters dosimetry radiobiology personalized medicine molecular imaging.Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of nuclear chemistry in modern medicine. It examines the synthesis of radionuclides and the development of radiopharmaceuticals capable of selectively targeting biological structures at the molecular level. The annotation discusses advanced molecular imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), highlighting their importance in the early diagnosis of oncological, cardiological, and neurological disorders. Special emphasis is placed on radionuclide therapy, the medical use of beta- and alpha-emitting isotopes, and the theranostic approach, which integrates diagnostic and therapeutic functions within a single radiopharmaceutical agent. The article also explores radiobiological effects, patient dose optimization, radiation safety protocols, radioactive waste management, and regulatory as well as ethical considerations related to nuclear technologies in healthcare. Furthermore, it reviews current advancements such as novel radionuclides, high-affinity ligands, targeted conjugates, and highly sensitive imaging probes that contribute to the development of personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The work is intended for a scientific and clinical audience, offering insight into the translation of fundamental nuclear chemistry principles into practical medical applications.References
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