DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71337/inlibrary.uz.science-research.139383Keywords:
molecular genetics chromosome theory gene dna rna heredity recombination genetic abnormalities phenotype clinical genetics evolution chromosome structure gene linkageAbstract
This article highlights the conceptual and practical significance of chromosome theory in molecular genetics. It briefly outlines gene localization on chromosomes, genetic information transfer via DNA and RNA, recombination, and its impact on phenotype. The roles of trisomy, monosomy, and structural chromosomal abnormalities in hereditary diseases are noted. Genetic linkage, epistasis, and evolutionary chromosome interactions are summarized. Key aspects of mitotic and meiotic segregation and the relevance of modern tools—genetic mapping and molecular markers—are briefly presented. The article evaluates the scientific and practical value of chromosome theory in clinical genetics, evolutionary biology, and biotechnology.References
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