Characteristics of enterprise management in the conditions of
innovative development of the regions
Rustam Musaxonov
Tashkent University of Applied Sciences, Gavhar Str. 1, Tashkent 100149, Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10467664
Keywords:
innovative development, industrial enterprises, economic potential, management, enterprise development,
production, scientific and technical activity, promotion, innovative activity, infrastructure, modern
management, innovative activity.
Abstract:
The article examines the problems of managing the economic potential of industrial enterprises in the
conditions of innovative development, the process of developing mechanisms for encouraging the use of the
results of scientific and technical activities based on the level of production and service of enterprise
development. The set of proposed mechanisms includes measures such as improving the environment for
innovation, developing infrastructure for wide use of the results of scientific and technical activities,
establishing a modern management concept in scientific and technical organizations, and increasing the
innovative activity of scientific and technical organizations.
1 Introduction
Currently, one of the most important issues in the
conditions of Uzbekistan is the transition to
innovative development of the country's economy.
World experience shows that with an economy based
on the processing of resources and raw materials, the
expected growth rate cannot be achieved without
destroying the social and environmental situation.
From this point of view, in the conditions of the world
innovative economy, the problems of increasing the
GDP and increasing the competitiveness of
Uzbekistan in the world markets cannot be solved
without using the innovative potential of the country,
which is determined by the scientific and practical
potential of the country. The transition to a science-
based economy requires the formation of a
comprehensive system in the country and its regions.
Through this system, it is intended to effectively
transform new knowledge into new technologies,
products and services that find specific consumers
(buyers) in the domestic and world markets. Today,
one of the main problems is the lack of effective
economic mechanisms that encourage investments in
innovation and the creation of new products and
ensure their commercialization. In such conditions,
research aimed at developing the theoretical and
methodological foundations and tools of the
mechanism of innovative development in the meso-
level economic system becomes especially relevant.
The analysis of the research conducted on the
organization of innovative activities of enterprises
shows that the theory and methodology of the
innovative development of the region is not fully
scientifically studied.
2 Level of study of the problem
Founders of management theory are Taylor, Ford,
Gilbert, Emerson, Fayol and others. Historically, the
original direction of management theory was called
the "classical" (traditional) school. Taylor justified
the need for a special functional management of labor
processes by the fact that in the scheme he developed,
which tried to divide the organization of production
into structural elements along with physical labor, it
is impossible to work randomly, everything must be
done in advance, this. reflected that all conditions and
methods of work should be clear. Taylor justified the
need for special functional management of labor
processes as well as physical labor and tried to divide
production organization into structural elements. It is
reflected that all working conditions and methods
should be clear.
In the current situation, where there is a need to
transfer the economy to the path of innovative
development in Uzbekistan, it is of particular
importance how well theoretical and methodological
developments are developed for this set of problems.
It is also very important to define the essence of
innovative development as an economic process.
Among our local scientists, S.S Gulomov, A.Sh
Bekmurodov, A.F Rasulev, B.K Goyibnazarov and
Sh.I Otajonov have conducted scientific research on
the issues of innovative development of the economy
and regional capacity building. In order to have a
more objective understanding of the essence of
innovative development of the region, it is necessary
to develop a number of basic principles. These
principles should express the important aspects of
organizing innovative activities. From this point of
view, clarifying the terms requires, first of all, a
terminological
apparatus,
which
shows
that
representatives of the fields of economics and science
interpret the concept of "innovative activity"
differently.
3.
Research methodology
The theoretical and methodological basis of the
article is based on the analysis of studies of local and
foreign scientists and applied economists on the
issues of organizing innovative activities of
enterprises, innovative development of the territory
and protection of competition in the conditions of free
entrepreneurship, the transition from centralized
administrative management to market methods of
management. is enough. The article uses the materials
of legislation and normative documents of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, legislation against foreign
monopoly.
2.2
Analysis and results.
The main conditions of the process of
deepening
market
reforms
and
economic
liberalization in Uzbekistan are to ensure the
competitiveness of manufactured products and
services, to organize relations between producers
and buyers in effective forms and methods.
Therefore, in the conditions of the market
economy, the activity of the enterprise depends on
the income from the production of competitive
products and services. Our republic has enough
potential to form a competitive structure of the
economy. The essence of management changes
depending on the method of production, the level
of socio-economic relations, and the development
of production forces. With the development of
production and the complexity of economic
relations,
management
becomes
more
complicated. In the conditions where there are
different forms of ownership of means of
production, the emergence of competition between
producers of goods is aimed at the proper
management of production and increase of profit.
The basis of management is legal science based on
objective economic, social and other laws. Taking
into account the study of these laws and their
manifestation in specific situations, economic
leaders determine the strategy and tactics of
managing the national economy of the republic.
The practical aspects of management are aimed at
solving the following specific tasks: transitioning
the economy to market relations, making profits,
increasing production efficiency, strengthening
social protection of the population, raising the
moral level of people, etc. This practical part of
management studies not management principles
themselves, but the ability to apply them in
management practice, that is, the ability to use
their specific manifestations in a specific situation.
Its difference from the theory of management is
that it produces examples of the use of laws,
principles and methods in the practice of economic
management. The main task of management is to
develop the principles of goal-oriented actions
necessary for effective management of the
economy, taking into account the requirements of
the objective laws of the development of society
and based on the generalization of the practice of
economic management.
The
principles
of
innovative
regional
development are related to such important
concepts as "innovation environment" and
"innovation system". It is impossible to develop
the region in an innovative way without each
individual forming the innovative thinking and
innovative culture of the whole society. The first
condition for the formation of innovative culture is
to create a large-scale system of stimulating
innovative activity. The innovative policy of the
state has a decisive influence on the innovative
development of the region. The possibility of
innovative development of the region is
determined by its innovative potential. Innovative
development of the region requires the existence
of certain conditions. The level of such conditions
is determined by the available resources in the
region,
the
mechanisms
of
their
final
transformation into innovative products, and the
structural elements of the region's innovation
potential. In order to effectively manage
innovation processes in the region, it is necessary
to objectively assess its innovation potential. This
assessment is carried out before and after the start
of innovative changes in the area. The proposed
methodology for evaluating the innovation
potential of the region is based on the analysis of
the optimal proportion of the structures of the
region and the proportionality (proportionality) of
the distribution of innovative resources among the
subjects of innovative activity. In the process of
studying the proportionality of the innovative
potential of the region, there is a need to improve
its classification methods by expanding a number
of classification signs. These classification marks
make it possible to evaluate the composition of
subjects of innovative activity. In order to achieve
a high level of innovative development of the
region, it is necessary to determine the state of
interaction between the participants of the
innovative development process, to establish the
order of information exchange and the sequence of
use of instruments necessary for the effective
formation of innovative industries in the region. .
The solution to such problems is determined by
creating models of innovative development of the
region based on the principles of complexity,
systematicity and consistency.
Innovative development of the region requires
the development of methodological and analytical
developments. These developments make it
possible to take into account the specific aspects of
territorial and economic interests, the level of
regional development and its specific aspects, the
ratio of technological structures in the economy.
The purpose of this is to increase the
competitiveness of the economy of the entire
region.
Increasing
the
effectiveness
of
wide
implementation of the results of scientific and
technical activities in the economy is a task facing
the whole state. Without solving this task, it is not
possible to transfer the economy of Uzbekistan to
the path of innovative development. From this
point of view, it is necessary to develop
mechanisms for the wide dissemination of the
results of regional and national scientific and
technical activities in the economy. These
mechanisms reflect a set of interrelated processes
aimed at forming the demand for intellectual goods
in the market and transforming the results of
scientific and technical activities into competitive
high-tech products within the framework of
innovation processes.
The fact that small enterprises are lagging
behind in the indicators of innovative activity
requires the implementation of a number of
measures to stimulate the commercialization of the
results of innovative entrepreneurship and
scientific and technical activities of the region.
Such activities include raising the image of science
and innovation, developing a system of tax
incentives for enterprises in the field of innovation,
regulating intellectual property rights, redefining
budget legislation in order to attract budget funds
to innovative projects.
Evaluation of the structure of the innovation
potential of the region from the point of view of its
structural elements (scientific-technical, material-
technical,
personnel,
information,
financial
investment, organizational) (this allows to
determine the level of disproportion of the
structure of the innovation potential of the region)
based on the rational development of the
mechanisms of the use of the results of the
scientific
and
technical
activity
of
the
infrastructure can be used. Within the framework
of this mechanism, it is necessary to eliminate the
imbalance between the elements of innovative
potential by developing the necessary types of
enterprises for the formation of an optimal
infrastructure. Currently, state scientific research
organizations are rapidly changing from a
traditional hierarchical scientific-technological
system to innovative organizations that are
significantly open. This creates the need to target
the innovative market needs of scientific and
technical organizations. defining a modern
management concept based on a strategic
scientific-technological marketing system of
scientific and technical organizations will help
this. A number of indicators (the share of
innovatively active enterprises, the coefficient of
provision of intellectual property, the coefficient
of employees and property engaged in scientific-
technical and experimental-construction work,
expenditures on technological innovations, the
coefficient of introduction of new products, high
volume of industrial products the level of
innovation activity of enterprises in the region
expressed by the share of technological industries)
is evaluated, and based on this assessment, an
algorithm for using the mechanism for increasing
the innovation activity of enterprises in the region
should be developed. This is the main basis for the
successful commercialization of the results of
scientific and technical activities, because it is the
understanding of the importance of innovative
development and the inclination to innovation that
can satisfy the demand for new technologies.
One of the elements of the innovation
development mechanism of the region is the
regional mechanism for financing innovative
activities. Its tasks include ensuring the stable
circulation of financial resources, redistribution of
financial resources in accordance with the needs of
individual economic entities, and reducing the risk
of economic entities losing financial resources.
The financing mechanism consists of interrelated
main elements and their typical groups (subjects,
objects, principles, methods and instruments, etc.),
as well as the methods of their influence on each
other, including integration and disintegration. can
be described in the form of a three-tiered
hierarchical system. As a result, the economic
relations (interests) of the state, owners
(participants), creditors and employees (at the
same time, the main consumer of the results of
innovative activity and representatives of the
corporate sector, which is also the main source of
financing
innovative
activity)
)
becomes
harmonious.
A multi-channel financing system based on the
rational distribution of financial resources from
various financing sources among all stages of the
innovative development of the region, and a
system for making changes to the financial
mechanism depending on the situation in the
regional innovation sphere are important features
of the regional mechanism for financing
innovative activities. are important elements. The
cluster approach to the implementation of
innovation policy in the regions can be considered
as one of the ways to activate and improve the
innovation environment in the region. The fact that
the level of social and economic development of
the regions is not the same creates the need to
differentiate the development of the regions, to
determine their role in the regional economy and
the territorial structure of the economy. In the
process of creating innovation clusters, the
peculiarities of the regions, including the
innovation potential of the region, the financial
support of the regional budget, the innovative
activity of enterprises, and the level of industrial
development in them should be taken into account.
During the study of economic literature,
different definitions of the concept of "innovative
activity" were identified. These differences can be
seen in the following cases:
–
scientists and entrepreneurs approach this
concept differently. For example, from the point of
view of scientists, innovative activity is interpreted
as the process of creating a new product, in which
they do not take into account the economic basis
of this activity; and entrepreneurs consider
innovative activity as a type of investment activity,
that is, they do not take into account the interests
of the producer of innovations;
–
different interpretations of the concept of
"innovation", which is considered the main object
of innovative activity (representatives of different
scientific views define the concept of "innovation"
as a change or the final result of innovative
activity). Based on this, the alternative definition
of the concept of "innovative activity" comes from
the idea of the concept of "innovative solution",
which is an elementary component of the concept
of "innovation". An innovative solution is a set of
actions to solve the given task with new alternative
and relatively more effective methods. Unlike the
old methods, the new methods allow to achieve
high efficiency at the expense of cost reduction.
This, in turn, allows not only to improve the
quality of solving existing tasks, but also to solve
completely new tasks and problems. This
definition, which more fully reveals the essence of
innovative activity, is a combination of science
and business perspectives.
In the process of studying the theoretical and
methodological foundations of the organization of
innovative
activities,
the
following
basic
principles should be revealed:
1) Innovative development of the region is
carried out in the innovative environment of the
region.
2) The process of innovative development of
the region is formed by the creation of a regional
innovation system.
3) The innovative development of the region is
based on the tendency of each person and the
whole society to think innovatively and the ability
to perceive it.
4) The effectiveness of the innovative
development of the region directly depends on its
innovative culture, that is, the system of large-
scale stimulation of innovative activities.
5) The innovation policy of the state has a
decisive influence on the innovation development
of the region.
6) The extent of innovative development of the
region is determined by its innovative potential.
We present our new definition of the concept
of "mechanism of innovative development". This
definition connects the activities of social
formations
in
the
development
and
implementation of a system of flexible and
diversified instruments that allow the reform of all
elements in the innovation sector in order to form
the innovation sector of the economy in the
political, economic, socio-cultural and legislative
spheres. A number of basic principles for the
organization of innovative development have also
been proposed. They are as follows:
1)
comprehensiveness
-
comprehensive
modernization of all spheres of public relations
affecting the formation of an innovative economy;
2) systematicity - coordinated, goal-oriented
and interdependent development of political,
economic, social, cultural and legislative public
formations in order to prepare the ground for the
innovative economy;
3) consistency - consistent conduct of all the
processes indicated above.
The approach aimed at revealing the economic
nature of the innovative potential of the region is
based on the integration of resource and
organizational economic components in its
structure. In contrast to the approach to
understanding
the
concept
of
"innovative
potential" described in the economic literature,
which is based on the definition of the economic
subject as a set of innovative resources, this mainly
consists
of
combining
resources
and
organizational economic components in the
structure
of
innovative
potential.
The
organizational economic component of the
innovation potential is manifested in the level of
efficiency of the innovation mechanism and the
level
of
development
of
the
innovation
infrastructure, which ensures the transformation of
the resource potential of the region into the
innovation potential.
The above definition of the concept of
"innovative potential of the region" characterizes
this concept as the level of development of
innovative infrastructure that can be achieved and
the possible average growth of the economy from
the identification and use of innovative resources
in the conditions in which the mechanism of
innovative activity operates, and emphasizes the
interrelation of the innovative potential with the
social and economic potential within the general
potential of the region.
In the process of research, it was found that the
institutional
environment
of
innovative
development is not perfect, complex measures to
increase its quality were considered, for example,
legalization (legitimization) of various forms and
types of property, development of competition in
all links of the economic system, intellectual
economy of society formation of the social
structure related to the sector, elimination of the
institutional crisis in the country's economy, etc.
The information model of the innovative
development of the region expresses the mutual
relations of all the subjects of innovative processes
at the regional level. The activity of this model is
based on the innovative development mechanism.
This mechanism includes the following set of
instruments: evaluation of the innovation potential
of the region, creation of mechanisms for
encouraging the use of the results of scientific and
technical activities, and the use of the financing
mechanism for innovative activities.
CONCLUSIONS
The information model of the proposed
innovative activity financing mechanism has a
three-level structure, which allows for a
comprehensive organization of the financing of
innovative processes, including from forecasting
the main trends of the innovative development of
the region, to the methodical and instrumental
composition of this mechanism, and the financing
of innovative activities. to making adjustments
based on supply performance analysis. The
presented model is based on the principle of multi-
channel financing of innovative processes and
consists of the planned distribution of financial
resources
between
the
stages
of
wide
implementation of the results of scientific and
technical activities in the economy.
Funding of each of the stages of wide
dissemination of technologies to the economy
(fundamental
research,
applied
research,
experimental
construction
development,
preparation of industrial samples, evaluation of the
commercial potential of innovation and business
planning, preparation of an industrial copy, large-
scale production) has its own aspects. These
features are reflected in financial and investment
needs of different sizes, different distribution of
rights to intellectual property products, and
different levels of investment risks. In the multi-
channel financing system, the characteristics of the
sources of financial resources allocated for
innovative
activities
(budgetary
and
non-
budgetary funds, the company's own funds, funds
of foreign investors and international financial
organizations) are also taken into account. These
unique aspects are manifested in different methods
of delivering funds, different investment choices
and different investment goals. This system makes
it possible to develop various schemes for the
distribution of financial resources. These schemes
make it possible for any financing subjects to make
investments at any stage of spreading the results of
scientific and technical activities to the economy
based on their strategic and operational goals.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author would like to thank the teachers of
Tashkent University of Applied Sciences Jumanov
ET and Ataniyazova MB for their scientific and
practical help in writing this article..
REFERENCES
[1]
1.
Mirziyoyev
Sh.M.
2017-2021
yillarda
O’zbekiston Respublikasini rivojlantirishning beshta
ustuvor yo’nalishi bo’yicha Xarakatlar strategiyasini
“Xalq bilan muloqot va inson manfaatlari yili”da
amalga oshirishga oid Davlat dasturini o’rganish
bo’yicha Ilmiy-uslubiy risola. Toshkent “Ma’naviyat”
2017. 110 bet
[2]
2.
Vlaskin G.A. Lenchuk Ye.B. Promыshlennoye
politika v usloviyax perexoda k innovasionnoy
ekonomike: opыt stran Sentralnoy i Vostochnoy
Yevropы i SNG. M.:Nauka 2017. – 246s
[3]
3.
G’ulomov S.S. Tadbirkorlik va kichik biznes.-T.:
Sharq, 2002.-183b..
[4]
Salimov B.B. Canoat mahsuloti ishlab chiqarishni
hududlar
bo’yicha
qiyosiy
tahlili
va
uni
rivojlantirishning ustuvor yo’nalishlari. //“Iqtisodiyot
va innovasiotexnologiyalar” elektron jurnali. № 3,
may-iyun, 2018 yil.
