The unique characteristics of the development of the national
innovation system in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Ergasheva Durdona, Ikramova Mehribon
1
Tashkent University of Applied Sciences, Gavhar Str. 1, Tashkent 100149, Uzbekistan
(Durdona1481, ikramovamehribonu)@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10467688
Keywords:
Innovation, innovation policy, types of innovation, investment activities, infrastructure, science and technology,
technoparks, and innovation environment.
Abstract:
This paper of this work provides a detailed explanation of the unique characteristics of the development of the
national innovation system in the Republic of Uzbekistan, its role in occupying a distinct position in the global
economic system, utilizing international labor distribution and specialization opportunities, and achieving the main
goal of continuously improving the living standards of the country's population. It also highlights the stages of
formation of innovative processes in the country. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of ensuring
competitiveness of the national innovation system and its comprehensive modernization, which is closely related
to effective and efficient utilization of external economic factors.
1
INTRODUCTION
In the conditions of modern globalization,
innovations are considered an economic resource, and
innovative technologies are considered as one of the
elements that lead to changes in the world economic
system. It is appropriate to analyze interrelated
innovations and innovative technologies in a
coordinated manner in an innovative environment
where
economic
processes
are
increasingly
accelerating.
In most of the developed countries of the world,
the rapid development of economic growth trends is
directly related to the development of innovative
processes in the country. And each country chooses
strategic directions based on its economic, social, and
political conditions, taking into account the innovative
development system and priorities. Currently, the
most important and decisive competitive advantage of
any country is the level of development of new
knowledge and its effective use in socio-economic
development. It is this factor that determines the place
and role of countries in the world economy, the level
of people's well-being and economic security.
Analysis shows that 80-95 percent of the additional
growth of the gross domestic product in industrialized
countries is due to the contribution of new knowledge
based on innovation [1].
Scientific, technical and innovative potential is
one of the decisive factors in the socio-economic
development of any country. In particular, the role of
the state science and technology and innovation policy
in solving the socio-economic problems that have
arisen in the context of globalization is increasing. At
the same time, we can see in the world experience that
the gradual socio-economic development of the
country and its competitiveness in the foreign market
are ensured on the basis of the existence of a
developed national innovation system. The main goal
of the state innovation policy is to form elements of
the national innovation system and ensure their
effective interrelationship. One of the main goals of
evaluating innovative activity is to determine the
contribution of new technologies to the development
of the economy of a country. Globalization conditions
each one of the country national innovative system
role increased see you can _ This is the process during
countries in the middle competition technologies are
increasing and that's it with together science is
developing .
A lot of states economy of resources limitation
quantity with is described and As a result product
vitality cycle will change . Development from the level
strictly look each one state for the most important from
goals one national innovative strategy work exit is
considered Innovative of activity internationalization
conditions while his done increase for high economic
, political to issues about conditions Create Demand
will be done [2].
2 Materials and Methods
Innovation policy industry developed countries
of the 20th century second in half science and
technology of development fast in paces growth with
depends without state economic of politics separately
priority direction as formed . State policy to form has
been approaches each one in the country his to himself
special national features depends respectively done is
increased [3]. State innovative policy formation for
one how much tasks perform important importance
occupation is enough
✓
state innovative field for infrastructure
formation ;
✓
scientific and technical the news Create
for economic environment provide ;
✓
innovative environment and conditions
to create , innovative of the field all of participants
innovative activity increase for conditions to create ;
✓
news for initial demand formation for
state resources separation ;
This tasks done in raising innovative activity
encouraging tax and another from benefits use need _
Of course , every one country national innovative
politics done in increasing , it is known one goals own
to the front puts and of development all internal and
external factors in consideration received without ,
innovative activity Demand being done to the degree
deliver enable giving politics ie the system chooses _
Many foreign countries innovative entrepreneurship in
development generality there is being their _ in most
of them state innovative policy formation task in
execution and done in raising state active participation
is enough
National innovative system concept innovative
of the economy important sign as science at the end of
the 70s of the XX century come in came _ And
national innovative system (MIT) milly economy in
development important role to play trust appear it has
been . In this regard one how many from years since
many scientists research take are going and national
innovative to the system different definitions giving
they went The evolution of MIT's origins took place
over several periods.
In the last 25-30 years, the state policy on
building innovative systems at the national and
regional levels in the world has accelerated. The
concept of "National Innovation System" (MIT) (
Freeman, 1987), Nelson (Nelson, 1993), Lundvall
(Lundvall, 1992) is expressed in the works. According
to Lundval, the origin of MIT goes back to Friedrich
List's concept of "National System" (Georg Friedrich
List, "The National System of Political Economy",
1841) [1, 2, 3, 4]. As a result of researching the
concept, it can be said with confidence that the first
serious work on the MIT concept was carried out by
K. Freeman. According to him, "National Innovation
Systems" (MIT) is a network of institutions in the
public and private sectors that import, modify and
distribute new technologies in mutual cooperation.
However, many scholars have given different
definitions to MIT, focusing on one or another aspect
of the innovation system [5].
A well-known economist is the founder of the
concept of "national innovative systems" (MIT).
According to Christopher Freeman, the national
innovation system (MIT) is a set of economic subjects
and social institutions (values , rights) is a complex
system. This means that MIT is a network of private
and public institutes and organizations whose
activities and interactions lead to the creation,
importation, modification and diffusion of new
technologies. " National innovative system » (MIT)
concept descriptive again many definitions there is .
The concept of innovative development is
widely developed by the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development, the World Bank and a
number of other international organizations. At the
initiative of these international institutes, a number of
large-scale studies were carried out in the following
years, and they were directed to the study of the
processes of transition of the national economy from
the traditional industrial economy to the economy
based on knowledge, science, and intellectual
potential. For example , in the materials of the
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development, there are a number of definitions in this
direction that are quite close to each other in terms of
meaning, in which the national innovation system is
defined as individual and mutually It is defined as a set
of institutions belonging to the private and public
sectors that ensure the development and distribution of
new technologies in connection with [6].
Summarizing all the definitions, the national
innovation system can be defined as follows: MIT is
the economic system of the country developed on the
basis of institutional features, based on the
introduction of innovations, to the innovative model of
the interaction of economic entities in order to increase
the importance of competition between participants.
based, a special form affecting the structure and
essence of the state economy. The multivariate
interpretation of the concept of MIT is due, on the one
hand, to differences in the understanding of these
constituent expressions, different approaches of
researchers, and on the other hand, to the existence of
inter-country differences between the innovation
systems of certain countries[7].
At the same time, the analysis of the theory and
practice of the formation of innovative systems in a
number of countries makes it possible to determine the
laws of socio-economic development of MIT. For
example,
•
the growth of science, education,
production and market integration leads to an increase
in the volume and intensity of internal interactions and
interactions between internal systems and elements of
MIT;
•
The growth of the role of the state in
the process of transition from direct management
methods to the indicative planning mechanism in the
formation and development of MIT;
•
investments innovative orientation
increase ;
•
MIT in development regions and
separately territorial interregional complexes role
increase _
•
MIT
development
guarantor
economy system all joints change[8].
2.1 In Uzbekistan innovative system
formation aspects
Currently, major strategic changes are being
implemented in the economy of Uzbekistan.
Attracting foreign direct investments, reducing
unemployment, improving the standard of living of the
population, developing modern production using
innovative technologies, increasing labor productivity
and rational use of human capital are the most urgent
issues. The field of scientific research development
and innovative developments and technologies based
on it will be an important factor in achieving the goals.
The transition to the path of innovative development
is one of the important directions of the economic
development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the
conditions of globalization and constantly growing
competition in the domestic and foreign markets.
shows the need to solve existing problems. As the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat
Miromonovich Mirziyoyev noted, "it is important to
form an innovative program, train new generation
personnel who will effectively use innovations and
investments, and support the development of the
owner class. For this, a program of deep technological
development of Uzbekistan and modernization of the
domestic market is necessary[9].
At the same time, the innovation policy of
Uzbekistan for the medium-term perspective is based
on the "Strategy of Economic Development of the
Republic of Uzbekistan" adopted in February 2017
and intended for 2017-2021. was reflected in the
program Decree on This document in the field of the
development of the innovative component of the
economy envisages the stimulation of scientific
research and innovative activities, the creation of
effective mechanisms for the implementation of
scientific and innovative achievements, the creation of
specialized scientific laboratories, high technology
centers, technological parks in universities and
research institutes[10].
In order to ensure sustainable economic
growth, the process of transition to the innovative
development system of the economy is being
implemented in our country, so such a development
system will positively affect and develop our national
economy, create innovative ideas, infrastructures,
innovative climate, scientific research should also be
used in their jobs and science-technology-based fields.
World experience shows that the gradual
development of the country and its competitiveness in
the foreign market are ensured on the basis of the
existence of a developed national innovation system.
The main goal of the state innovation policy is to
ensure the formation and interconnection of the
structural elements of the national innovation system.
The innovative economic theory, which is
considered one of the most relevant economic theories
for all countries, including Uzbekistan, is currently in
the stage of its formation, and bringing the content of
the modern innovative theory into a single system is
one of the urgent problems.
Of course, before starting to create a national
innovation system, it is necessary to identify the
sources of innovation. Based on this, each country
forms its innovation strategy. The sources of
innovation in world theory and practice can be divided
into the following two main types:
1. Importing existing technologies and
knowledge from abroad, adapting them to local
conditions and taking into account the characteristics
of the national economy.
2. To create new knowledge and technologies
not only for the national system, but also at the global
level.
These two tasks create conditions for the
transition to an innovative system.
Transferring the economy of Uzbekistan to the
path of innovative development was developed taking
into account the development trends of the world
economy, the factors that ensure the stable
development of the national innovation system in the
long term. The priority of the state support policy is
ensured in the effective modernization of the priority
sectors
of
the
economy,
the
activity
and
systematization of the scientific and technical sphere.
At present, in the period when developed and
developing countries in the world economy are on the
path of scientific and innovative, Uzbekistan is also
trying to move to the innovative path of economic
modernization in order to rise to the level of world
scientific and technical development. To do this,
within the framework of the formation of the national
innovation system, it is necessary to adapt the science
and technology complex to market conditions, to
determine the specific directions of the development
of science, technology and technology, to develop
fundamental sciences, the most important practical
research and development, as well as to provide legal
protection of intellectual property and aimed at
effective use.
Thus, according to the Decree of the President
of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the establishment of the
Ministry of Innovative Development as a single
competent div for innovative and innovative
infrastructure was a strong impetus for the
development of the national model of economic
development[11].
In the initial period when MITs are being
formed, the state plays a special role in the
development of the general innovation strategy. And
then, as in most industrialized countries, business
leads the way.
The role of the state is to facilitate the
production of basic knowledge (in universities) and
high-tech infrastructure, and to create a healthy,
institutional environment for infrastructure and
innovation. Within this general model, the national
characteristics of MIT are formed. The business
environment has an impact on the active operation of
MITs. The analysis of innovation processes in
developed countries shows that large businesses show
more innovative activity[12].
In fact, the most important place in the
formation of MITs belongs to the state. Because the
state determines the rules of operation of MITs,
provides them with necessary resources and
financially supports them. In the operation of MITs,
providing innovative activities with information
technologies, creating an electronic environment in
any field, scientific and technical information systems,
wide use of Internet networks are important. there are
major problems to be solved and the tasks arising from
them.
The first and most important of these is
financial investment. This aspect is important in
collecting the necessary financial resources and
implementing large innovative projects in order to
renew the leading sectors of the economy. B is in it
investment big investment input through done if
increased , both funds and technology is achieved .
We should also take into account that the most
important direction for the development of innovative
activity is the creation of an innovative information
supply system covering national, regional and network
innovation processes.
2.2. In the country Innovative
system development trends
The fact that a single information system
serving
innovative
activities,
especially
the
commercialization and transfer of technologies has not
yet been established in the country is one of the tasks
on the way to creating MIT. Information support of
technology commercialization and transfer process
plays an important role in accelerating innovation
activities. Information helps to increase the ability of
the subjects of the innovation environment to perceive
technology , ensures the continuous operation of the
environment, eliminates existing interruptions in the
innovation process during the transition from
fundamental research to commercial technologies
through ITTKI, and helps to unite the participants of
the innovation process[13].
Our compatriot scientist O. Sattorkulov, who
has conducted a lot of research on MIT, said, " We
should know very well that without diversifying
production, we can launch and sell our products on the
foreign market, ensure foreign currency income,
create new high-tech production and work. It is
impossible to talk about creating an export program to
achieve the goals. First of all, it is necessary to ensure
rapid development and targeted support of industries
that have high competitiveness in the world market
and can become a locomotive of economic growth,
modernization and diversification of the economy in
the future [14].
The development and use of the concept of the
national innovation system allows applying a
systematic approach to the evolution of the innovation
process in the country's economy. Perhaps one of the
main advantages of creating MIT is the recognition of
the crucial importance of knowledge and innovation
for the "new" economy, the involvement of all new
elements in the process of creation, distribution and
use of new knowledge, the expansion of its
participants, as well as the involvement of the national
economy in the world economy. its directions.
Knowledge-based
economy
can
be
shown
schematically as a system based on four pillars:
innovation system, information society, continuous
education and state innovation policy. Obviously,
before starting to create a national innovation system,
it is necessary to identify the sources of innovation.
Due to the low ability to pay for advanced
technologies and innovations in the domestic market,
due to the fact that science is far away from practice
(because currently most scientific work is carried out
not to create innovations, but to achieve high
positions, qualification exams are it is not a secret to
anyone that some scientific works are submitted to the
public, and some scientific works are written by
others) we should also point out the low demand for
the results of scientific and technical activities of the
real sector of the economy and the absence of a full-
fledged market for innovative products in the
republic[15].
In fact, many educational organizations and
higher educational institutions are not conducting
necessary scientific work for the development of the
economy, and even if they are conducted, they are not
being put into practice. Innovative researches and
projects , which can be put into practice, remain on
paper. It can be considered that it is due to the absence
or lack of relations between higher educational
institutions and organizations. As a result, the
transition of development to the innovative system is
becoming difficult.
Since 2002, budget funds for financing
scientific institutions have been introduced in our
republic on the basis of a grant agreement of a
scientific team or with an appropriate budget structure
created as a result of a competition for a specific
research task. In 2004 and 2014, a comparative
analysis of the distribution structure of state
investments in the fields of state scientific and
technical programs showed that their main share
corresponded to the share of applied research: they
accounted for 68% of the total financial support in
2004, 58% in 2014 did
We should pay attention to one more aspect, the
indicators of scientific research and education
expenses in our country as a percentage of GDP are
very low compared to other developing, innovative
countries. (Fig. 3.1.1), (Fig. 3.1.2).
Source : Uzbekistan statistics committee information
based on the author by Created
( Figure 3.1.1 ) . _ Uzbekistan - scientific
research works expenses to GDP in % relative to
.
In this analysis, we can see that the expenses
allocated to scientific research work are decreasing
year by year. Compared to 2002 and 2018 this
expenses to GDP compared to 2 times fell _ That's it
years during ITI costs from 0.2% fell brogan and of
this as a result Scientific research works subsided .
Innovative activity take on the go scientific prohibition
attention and funds to their work strengthen it is
necessary
Source : Uzbekistan statistics committee information
based on the author by Created
(
Figure 3.1.2 ) in Uzbekistan education
expenses - to GDP in % relative to
Uzbekistan education for separated expenses
analysis 7.63% in 2011, 7.29% in 2015, and up to
6.35% in 2017 that it decreased feel can _ Providing
the national innovation system with highly qualified
specialists and scientific staff should be one of the
tasks of the country for innovative development.
In recent years, more attention has been paid to
innovative activities and the creation of a clearly
defined innovation system in our country. Thus, the
state emphasizes that increasing the level of
productive forces and the welfare of the nation is not
only related to the realization of its natural, but also
intellectual resources [16].
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, taking into account the objective
trends of the development of its economy, it is
appropriate for Uzbekistan to form, develop and apply
a model based on the use of its scientific and technical
potential,
attracting
foreign
investments
and
technologies. The formation and development of an
effective innovation sector should be based on
attracting the advanced achievements of science and
technology, including our own discoveries (if they can
compete with those of other countries) and foreign
"know-how".
The results of the analysis of the conditions and
problems of the development of the innovative system
of our country made it possible to determine aspects
such as the financing of the innovative system mainly
by the state, the liberalization of foreign economic
relations, the improvement of the investment
environment, the creation of innovative infrastructure,
and the focus on scientific research and experimental
construction work.
Thus, an increase in state spending on scientific
research, state support for the development of
education and training of highly qualified personnel,
development of infrastructure in conjunction with a
policy
based
on
international
cooperation,
development of ITIs and institutions engaged in
scientific research; creation of conditions to encourage
innovative initiative; creation of a chain of
interdependence between business and creators of new
knowledge
and
technologies;
Continuous
improvement of information and communication
technologies infrastructure; creation of the educational
system, especially higher educational institutions;
preservation and development of strategically
important
technologies;
creating
a
favorable
innovation environment in the country can help to
achieve such results.
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