ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 1 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
425
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VERBS IN FRENCH
Nargiza Khalillaeva
Student of Uzbekistan State World Languages University.
Dostonjon Khurramov
The tutor of the faculty of English philology of UzDJTU.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10523925
Abstract. In this article special characteristics of verbs in French will be expressed.
Key words: verbs, transitive verbs, intransitive verbs, person, movement, item, forms of
verbs.
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ГЛАГОЛОВ ВО
ФРАНЦУЗСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Аннотация. В данной статье будут выражены особенности глаголов
французского языка.
Ключевые слова: глаголы, переходные глаголы, непереходные глаголы, лицо,
движение, предмет, формы глаголов.
Khalillayeva Nargiza Ravshanbek’s daughter was born in Khorezm, Uzbekistan in
September 16, 2003. Currently she is the student of French philology faculty of Uzbekistan State
World Languages University. She is the official member of international "Iqra foundation","Asih
Sasami Indonesia Global Writes", "Juntos por las Letras " of Argintina, "Creativity Forum for
Culture, Arts an Peace" of Rome. Also she is the graduate of "Shine” girls academy.
Grammatical categories like transivity, intransivity, positive-negative forms, voice, person,
number, moods, tenses are considered special characteristics of verbs. Person (la personne) shows
the attitude of the doer of the action to the speaker. The number (le nombre) category indicates
whether the possesser is singular or plural through verb forms.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
1
st
person Je parle Nous parlons J'aime Nous aimons
2
nd
person Tu parles Vous parlez Tu aimes Vous aimez
3
rd
person Il (elle)parle Ils(elles) parlent Il(elle)aime Ils (elles)aiment
Mood (le mode) means the relation of the action understood from the verb to reality, and it
expresses that the action is actually being performed and is forced to be performed:
The indicative mood The imperative m. The Conditional m. The subjunctive mood
(Indicatif) (impératif) (conditionnel ) (Subjonctif)
He is walking. Walk ! He would walk. He should walk.
Il marche. Marchez! Il marcherait Qu'il marche
Tense (le temps) indicates the relation of the action to the time of speech. Action indicates
that it is performed before, at the same time, or after the time being spoken.
Prèsent de l'indicatif Passé composé Futur simple Imparfait
Il joue Il a joué Il jouera Il jouait
He is playing. He played. He is going to play. He was playing.
Elle chante Elle a chanté Elle chantera Elle chantait
She is singing. She sang. She is going to sing. She was singing.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 1 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
426
The voice (la voix) shows the relationship between the doer of the action and the object.
Le professeur a puni cet élève hier Cet élève a été puni par le professeur hier
The teacher punished this pupil yesterday. This pupil was punished by the teacher
yesterday.
La fillette mange des pommes Des pommes sont mangées par la fille
A girl ate the apples. Apples was eaten by a girl.
Personal and impersonal forms of verbs (Les formes personnelles et non personnelles)
Not all forms of verbs have a personal category, therefore there are personal and impersonal
forms of verbs. Personal forms of verbs change depending on the person and the act as a linking
verb (verbe copule) in a sentence or a noun clause.
Il travaille à l'usine Elle parle bien anglais Elle est devenue
professeur
He works in a factory She speaks English very well She grew up as a
teacher
Je vais à l'école Je parle vite français J'ai besoin d'un stylo
I am going to school I speak fast in French I need a pen
Impersonal forms of verbs (l'infinitif), adjectives (le participe présent, le participe passé,
le participe passé composé) and adverbs (gérondif)
The impersonal forms of verbs do not change according to the person, they can act as a
different parts of the sentence:
Il pense partir Il aime visiter Il adore lire (infinitive objectless complement)
Je répète les règles étudiées C'est mon film préféré (adjective determiner )
Nous marchons en causant Il marche en chantant (relative adverb)
Transitive and intransitive verbs (Les verbes transitifs et intransitif )
Prendre, lire , écrire – transitive verbs Aller, venir, écrire- intransitive verbs
Verbs that indicate the action affects of the object are called transitive verbs (verbes
intrsitifs )
J'ouvre la porte – I opened the door (Action affects the item )
Il reprit son livre – He took his book (Action affects the item)
Verbs that indicate action do not affect the object are called intransitive verbs (verbes
intransitifs)
J'ai déjà mangé – I have already eaten (Action does not affect the object )
Il a neigé pendant des jours – It snowed for days (Action does not affect the object)
Transitive verbs are of two types depending on the object they require.
1)
Transitive verbs with correct objects:
J'étudie
le
français.
Je
l'étudie
(Qu'est-ce
que
j'étudie?)
2) Transitive verbs with an infinitive compliment used with a preposition:
Elle refuse de partir. Elle le refuse (Qu'est-ce qu'elle refuse ?)
Compliments that follow intransitive verbs always come with a preposition:
Je pense à mes examens. Il se sert du dictionnaire
A transitive verb can require both an objectless and with object:
Il donne le stylo à son ami
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 1 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
427
The transitive or intransitive nature of the verb is understood from the sentence:
Sortir (vi)de la classe Sortir (vt)un crayon Descendre (vi)du train Descendre
(vt)la valise
To go out of the classroom To take out the pen To get off the tram To unload
In the dictionary, transitive verbs are represented by vt, intransitive verbs vi. Some
intransitive verbs change their meaning when they become transitive verbs:
Get on Je monte au autobus get off Elle a déjà descendue
monter I am getting on the bus descendre She has already got off
REFERENCES
1.
На французском и узбекском языках Л.Е.Малина,Л.П. Андрейчикова ,У.Турниёзов
Грамматика французского языка , Ташкент 1978
2.
Jean de Bois, agrégé de grammaire, docteur ès lettre et René Lagane , agrégé de
grammaire 21, rue de Montparnasse 75283 Paris Cedex 06
3.
Grammaire progressive du français ,Janvier 2012
4.
leconjugueur.lefigaro.fr
