ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 1 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
869
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VULGARISMS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK
LANGUAGES
Xo'jaqulova Muxlisa Ibrogim qizi
Termiz state university Master's student
Mamataliyeva Navbahor Xoʻjamberdiyevna
F.f.f.d( PhD)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10560762
Abstract. The article discusses the specific linguistic aspects of vulgarisms expressing the
character of people and other features of their personalities in the language of Khorezmian
dastans. These issues are based on the texts of manuscripts and lithographs spread in the Khorezm
region.
Key words: vulgarism, dialectal vulgarism, comparative analysis, dialectism, ethnography,
ethnographic vulgarism.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ВУЛЬГАРИЗМОВ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ И
УЗБЕКСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются специфические лингвистические аспекты
вульгаризмов, выражающих характер людей и другие особенности их личностей в языке
хорезмийских дастанов. Эти выпуски основаны на текстах рукописей и литографий,
распространенных в Хорезмской области.
Ключевые слова: вульгаризм, диалектный вульгаризм, сравнительный анализ,
диалектизм, этнография, этнографический вульгаризм.
Introduction The language of Khorezm dastans with its delicate linguistic units has already
attracted the attention of our linguists. It is an important fact of life that colorful linguistic and
poetic elements and ethnographic expressions are preserved in the language of our dastans.
Determining their role and importance in the study of the Uzbek language and dialects poses great
challenges for today's linguistics.
2. Main part In particular, in the texts of our dastans, vulgar linguistic means related to
the Khorezm region, Oghuz and Kipchak dialects are characterized by their dialectal ethnographic
aspects. In this article, we will try to make scientific comments on some of the lexical units of our
dastans, as well as compare these vulgar units with alternative forms in the Uzbek literary
language: Mäňläyqarä – the one whose forehead is black. This vulgar unit can be interpreted as
“the one with black forehead” in its conotative meaning. However, this vulgar unit is actively used
as a poetic tool to create meanings such as “the one with bad character” or “stubborn”. It
should be noted that vulgarism mäňläyqarä has stayed in this form, is one of the vulgarisms that
is always ready in speech, in its conotative sense it is almost never used. There is a change in
its sound system, and we see that the third person possessive affix in Uzbek language “-i” at the
end of the first part has omitted as the two components interact. In our opinion, the occurrence of
this sound phenomenon is the coincidence of the sounds “y” and “i”. As a result, the expressive
power of vulgarism, which creates a rough poetic image, is further enhanced. This vulgarism can
be found in the dastan “Kampir” (Old Woman) in the series of “Gorogly” dastans: Odamga xayri
tegmaydigan manglayqora, pes bir kampir bor edi. (Gorogly, p.210) Meaning in English: “Once
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 1 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
870
there was a stubborn, bad charactered old woman, who never helps other people”. Pes – this
vulgarism is also far from its original meaning. It is literally a unit related to the Persian language,
meaning “dirty, filthy; white spots on the skin; a white spot on the skin caused by a lack of
pigment.”[1] In the language of dastans and in many dialects of the Uzbek language, we see that
it is actively used in the sense of a person with very bad characters and manners. In the above
passage, it is used as a poetic means of expressing character in this sense; Jalatay – (jolotoy) this
vulgarism is used to create a poetic image in the sense of belligerent, bully (who is obstinate and
makes other people to do what he says, even it harms them). The word is a dialectal vulgarism and
is actively used in the language and dialects of Khorezmian dastans. It is often found in the poetics
of the Gorogly series of dastans. For example: “...Sardor navkarsiz bo‘lmasligi garak dab,
o‘ttiz-qirq dehqonchilik, mol qarash alinnan galmidovun jolotoy toifa yigitlardan alina yig‘nab
bardilar...” (Gorogly, p.51) Meaning in English: “So that the captain would not be without a
soldier, a group of thirty or forty obstinate young men were recruited, who could not look after the
cattle and could not do any farm work.” or: “...bu na yotish, buvangni go‘zzini o‘yg‘one-ISSN :
2620 3502 p-ISSN : 2615 3785 International Journal on Integrated Education Volume 4, Issue 2,
February 2021 | 204 yangangni olib getgan Arab Rayhonnan qasd olish o‘rnina o‘n-o‘n besh
jolotoy bilan yeb-ichib yotisha uyalmaysanmi!?...”; Meaning in English: “What a lying is this?
Aren't you ashamed to eat and drink with fifteen stubborn people instead of taking revenge on
Khunkharshah, who beheaded your grandfather, killed your uncle, and on Arab Rayhon, who
kidnapped your sister-in-law?” Zäňňär - zan+gar, zangar literally means “perverted woman”.
However, this zäňňär vulgar unit deviates from its original meaning in Khorezmian dastans and
dialects. Often, this vulgarism is used in the dialect to mean bullies. In the following passage from
the dastan “Birth of Gorogly”, this vulgarism creates a unique poetic image: “...Ganjimbek
do‘g‘ri Go‘ro‘g‘lini aldina girib, qahri galib aytdiki, ey zang„ar, Go‘ro‘g‘li, seni elga bosh
etib, ko‘rganimiz shu bo‘ldimi, dedi. (Gorogly, p.51); Meaning in English: “Ganjimbek entered
in Gorogly’s room directly and said angrily: “O bully, Gorogly, is that what we saw, after we
made you a leader to the people?” Sirĝiya is a vulgarism used for describing warlike teenagers
or tomboys. In Khorezmian dialects, this vulgarism is synonymous with qirĝin, birmäk, “dїňňisiz”
(restless). Depending on its place as a means of poetic imagery, it can also be synonymous with
vulgarism in the sense of “zäňňär” (bully). It is found in the series of dastans “Gorogly” “...chor
dog‘li Chondibel viloyatinda, takali turkman yurtinda Go‘ro‘g‘li dagan jalatay, sirg„iyo bir
yigit bor...” (dastan “Married Avaz”, p.99); Meaning in English: “Once there was a man named
Gorogly, who was a warlike and bully in the four-mountain-Chandibel region.” Iljäymaq – means
“to smirk, grimace”, is a vulgar synonym for “to laugh” and “to smile”. For example:
“...Ganjimning og‘zi yorim tanob bo‘lib, iljayib o‘rninnan turib, egilib-bukilib
qullug‘ qilavardi...” (dastan “Arabian Rayhon”, p.97) Meaning in English: “Ganjim’s mouth got
wider and wider, he smirked, stood up, and went on bowing and bowing” or: “...kampirni-da
maxtab yubara berdi. Ana kampirdi ovzi qulog‘ina yetib, iljayib, alpatakda-yelpatak bo‘lib
chiqib ketdi...” (dastan “Khandon botir”, p.320). Meaning in English: “He also praised his old
woman, and the old woman felt very happy and smirked, and went out honorably”. These passages
belong to the Kipchak dialects of the dastans, and the vulgar word “iljaymoq” serves to reveal the
personality of the negative characters. Ähmaq is a vulgarism used to exaggerate one's rudeness.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 1 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
871
The vulgar word is derived from the Arabic words “stupid; who does not act wisely, who does
foolish things.”[2] The vulgar word, which creates a negative poetic image of this person's
character, can be used in both our literary language and dialects. We think there is another aspect
to consider. Most of the vulgar units of the inactive layer are found mainly in the prose parts of the
texts. But sometimes we see vulgar units in poetry. By using vulgar words in poetic texts, the
color of negativity is expressed several times more strongly, because in such parts there is an
opportunity to repeat vulgar words. Repetition is known to increase the expressiveness of a
particular linguistic unit several times. For example, the following passage from the “Gorogly”
series: Safar ko‘sa, eshit so‘zim, ahmoqsan, kulli ahmoqsan, Ko‘r bo‘lodir ikki ko‘zing, ahmoqsan,
kulli ahmoqsan... (dastan “Khandon botir”
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Annotated dictionary of the Uzbek language. Edited by A.Madvaliev. - Tashkent:
UzME, 2006 2. 2.Annotated dictionary of the Uzbek language. Edited by A.Madvaliev.
- Tashkent: UzME, 2007
2.
Gorogly. Prepared by: S.Rozimbaev, Kh.S.Rozimbaev, G.O. Eshjonova. - Urgench:
"Khorezm", 2004. Oshiknoma. Book 1. Prepared by: S.R. Ruzimbaev, G.O.
Eshjonova, S.S. Ruzimbaev, A.Akhmedov. - Urgench: "Khorezm", 2006.
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4.Modern Uzbek literary language
