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PHENOMENON OF METAPHORIZATION IN LITERATURE
Zamira Shukurova
Faculty of Foreign languages Karshi state university
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10876322
Abstract.
The analysis has been made from different perspectives such as: historical,
lexical and semantic. It is very important to understand the historical formation of the process as
well as its correlation with lexical and semantic aspects of the linguistic. Specific metaphor
properties are the reason why a very important role in a language is dedicated to the metaphor.
Language embodiment of new concepts and a creation of new linguistic manners is a direct
consequence of the metaphorization process. Certain linguistic forms are a place of a realization
of cognitive reality images. These images are based on a metaphorical transference.
Keywords:
metaphor; metaphorization, metaphorical realization, concept, English
literature.
ФЕНОМЕН МЕТАФОРИЗАЦИИ В ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ
Аннотация.
Проведен анализ с разных точек зрения, таких как: исторический,
лексический и семантический. Очень важно понять историческое формирование процесса,
а также его взаимосвязь с лексическими и семантическими аспектами языка.
Специфические свойства метафоры являются причиной того, что метафоре отводится
очень важная роль в языке. Языковое воплощение новых понятий и создание новых
языковых манер является прямым следствием процесса метафоризации. Определенные
языковые формы являются местом реализации когнитивных образов действительности.
Эти образы основаны на метафорическом переносе.
Ключевые слова:
метафора; метафоризация, метафорическая реализация,
концепт, английская литература.
The metaphorization depends on the period of the English history. Modern metaphorical
realization of the time concept has changed many times but the basic metaphorical associations
remained nondeformed. There are prepositions which classified by the agentic / non-agentic
feature. It’s been made in order to understand time properties and in order to find correlation
between the TIME concept and other aspects of the textual reality. The analysis of the chosen
material has led to the distinction of five predicate groups such as: activity, location, status, quality
and process. The classification of the prepositions was made in the research. They were
distinguished according to the predicates.
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It’s a well-known fact that the metaphorization process is a very peculiar phenomenon
which usually can be found in literature texts. A great number of authors use metaphorization to
emphasize some concepts in their poems, novels, fairy tales, short stories etc. One of the most
interesting concepts that can be distinguished in the English literature is the TIME concept. Time
has been the main subject of interest of many writers. And each writer has tried to invent their own
personal and unique metaphors in order to represent the Problems of the metaphorical functioning
and the metaphorization process are the subject of many scientifc works. “Metaphorization is the
creation of a verbal image by means of a metaphor. The lexical metaphorization as a stylistic
matter deeply absorbs all the functional styles of modern literary speech. The metaphorization to
a great extent stylistically enriches all the speech in various spheres of its functioning”
1
.
“Metaphorization is an extension of the semantic volume of lexemes due to the appearance of their
figurative meanings and the enhancement of its expressive properties”
2
.
New problems and questions about studying of the metaphorization process and the
metaphor phenomenon appear in linguistic science every day. According to this fact it is possible
to say that the very essence of hemetaphor isn’t analyzed enough nowadays. “Any speech is a
labyrinth of many trails. You go from one side and you know where you are; you come to the same
place from the other side and you don’t know where you are and where to go next”. It is statement
is a proof of the actual need in searching ways of metaphorical nature explanation, its functional
variety, metaphorical mechanisms and other aspects that is related to it.
A metaphor is considered to be a linguistic phenomenon which happens to be in a certain
relation with the existence manner in a text world. “A metaphor is not so much a reduced
comparison, but an implicit opposition. The cognitive metaphor is directed primarily at the
achievement of epistemological goals. From the means of creating an image a metaphor becomes
a manner of contents forming. A lack of those contents in language result this kind of forming”
3
“A metaphor is represented in a substitutional paradigm as a word (lexeme, concept, definition)
replacement with other word (lexeme, concept, definition)”
4
. The speech and cognition are not
the frames that limit the sphere of a metaphor using. “A metaphor is a semantic process. According
to the process the form of a linguistic unit or design of a language category is transferred from one
object of designation to another. A metaphor might be named as a manner of knowledge realization
1
Shevchenko, 2010, pp. 354.
2
Karpilovs’ka, 2010, pp. 29.
3
Arutyunova, 1990, pp. 23.
4
Yeshchenko, 2001, pp. 85.
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in a verbal form and as an expression of everyday conceptual implementation. A metaphor is one
of the main tropes. It’s a word or word-combination which reveals the essence and the
characteristics of a certain phenomenon through a transfer of similar features and properties of
another phenomenon.
The approaches to metaphor in literature we have discussed so far do not all belong to the
same tradition, but they have a number of important similarities. Even though all recognize that
metaphor is not an exclusively literary phenomenon, they emphasize the discontinuity between
metaphor in literature and metaphor elsewhere by focusing on highly creative, original and often
complex literary examples. Their aim is to investigate the uses of metaphor in particular texts,
genres, or authors, and to explain how particular linguistic choices in particular contexts lead to
particular effects. They therefore emphasize the uniqueness of each particular use of metaphor in
literature, and offer analyses and interpretations that can often be appreciated for their depth and
richness regardless of whether one shares the particular scholar’s theoretical assumptions. These
studies also provide extensive accounts of the variety of metaphorical structures that can be found
in literature, and of their potential effects. When they consider the relationship between literary
and non-literary metaphors, the studies discussed in this section tend to attribute primacy to
metaphor in literature, and hence to see metaphors outside literature as largely derivative, and
therefore less worthy of investigation. Leech puts it thus: In the dictum ‘Language is fossil poetry’,
Emerson draws our attention to the fact that the expressive power of everyday language largely
resides in countless ‘dead’ metaphors, which have become institutionalized in the multiple
meanings of the dictionary.
On the face of it, it is hard to reconcile the approaches to metaphor in literature we have
discussed in this section with those we discussed in the previous section. Indeed, the mutual attacks
(and partial misrepresentations) of the main proponents of the different approaches do little to
promote dialogue and convergence.
However, we hope to have shown that, in spite of sometimes profound theoretical
differences, each approach can contribute in significant ways to our understanding and
appreciation of the workings of metaphor in literature. While it is important to recognize the
different structures and potential effects of metaphor in literature and the unique characteristics of
each individual example, it is also crucial to appreciate the strength of the connections between
creative and conventional uses of metaphor.
Specific metaphor properties are the reason why a very important role in a language is
dedicated to the metaphor. Language embodiment of new concepts and a creation of new linguistic
164
manners is a direct consequence of the metaphorization process. Certain linguistic forms are a
place of a realization of cognitive reality images. these images are based on a metaphorical
transference.
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