ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1095
MONUMENTS RECOVERED FROM KARMANA
Nizomova Mohina Sherzodovna
State museum of history and culture of the Navoi region Scientific officer.
+998999691720.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11288202
Abstract.
This article provides historical and interesting information about the
monuments recovered from Karmana.
keywords:
Karmana, monuments, Sarmishsay, Uchtut, Alexander Macedonski,
mountains, Burkuttepa, Navoi region.
ПАМЯТНИКИ, ВОССТАНОВЛЕННЫЕ ИЗ КАРМАНА
Аннотация.
В данной статье представлены исторические и интересные
сведения о памятниках, обнаруженных в Кармане.
Ключевые слова:
Кармана, памятники, Сармишсай, Учтут, Александр
Македонский, горы, Буркуттепа, Навоийская область.
The ancient city is famous as one of the tributaries of the lower Zarafshan at the address
connecting the East and West. The age of the settlement is evidenced by the unique traces left by
our ancestors in Uchtut and Sarmishsoy, about 400 archaeological, architectural and artistic
monuments that have survived in the area to this day. In some studies of the history of Karmana
and its toponymy, it is mentioned that the term Karmana occurs in the forms "Karminiya",
"Karmena". In the works of the local historians, Karmana is cited as having been said under this
name since the time of Alexander The Great. Alexander Macedonski conquers the whole world
and also takes over the Lands of Bukhara, and stops on a high hill as he travels through the Nurota
mountains towards the Zarafshan River, and on the banks of the river says “Karmeno” (Greek for
beauty) upon seeing the beautiful, khushmanzara “kent”. It has since been suggested that the site
was called Karmana, making evidence of how close this is to historical reality in the course of
subsequent research.
Academician A.Muhammadjonov defines the term” Karmana " as follows. "Karmana “was
actually a Sogdian word in the form of” har-man-a". Derived from” every-big, man-address“, it
means” Big address".
V.Bartold's studies, however, cite it in the form of “Carminia”, referring to the Arabs,
called “ka-Arminia” (Armenian equivalent), for being a beautiful settlement on the Zarafshan
coast and for the soil of the city, for the purity of its water, for being similar in nature to Armenia.
Burquttepa
is one of the oldest settlements in Karmana, located on
the right side of Bukhara-Samarkand Road east of present-day
Karmana. In 1999-2002, archaeological excavations were
carried out in order to determine the age of the city of
Karmana. No ancient monument has survived in present-day
Karmana that testifies to his age.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1096
There can only be evidence. Here the old seat of the ancient city of Karmana is preserved in ruins.
During the excavation, archaeological objects from the 4th-3rd centuries BC were found from
Burquttepa.
Among them, broken remains of pots, trays, Humes and other dishes from the usha period
are found. Currently, the State Museum of history and culture of Navoi region houses
archaeological finds from the 2300-year-old area of Khum and Karmana from the Burquttepa
archaeological monument, dating back to the 10th-13th centuries.
Kasim Sheikh complex
. The most famous and notable place in Karmana is the Kasim
Sheikh complex, located in the south of the town. To the west of khanakah, a hut was built in
1910-1911 by amir Olimkhan, to which the Tomb of amir Abdulahad Khan would be placed.
Qasim Shaykh khonakohi consists of khonakah, gurkhana, mosque, aywan and amir Abdulahad
Khan Hut, huts and other rooms.
Initially, a khanakah was built for Kasim Shaykh in the donation of the Ruler of the
Bukhara Khanate, Abdullah Khan II (1558). After Sheikh's death, he was buried in the courtyard
on the east side of khanakah. The khonakah chortoq tarhli, with a double dome (height 14 meters),
the
inner dome underbars are filled with Iraqi Muqarnas.3 sides of the style are pedimented;
the southern pediment is characterized by luxury. In 1910, the surrounding area was walled up and
additional buildings (Pilgrim House,
Mosque, porch and other rooms) were built in the hazira style. Like other architectural
monuments during the USSR, the Kasim Sheikh Azizan complex remained in an unattended state.
Many historical objects in the complex were lost without a trace, the walls were lit up. In 1999-
2000, at the initiative of Islam Karimov, the complex was transformed back into a prosperous
settlement. In addition, the main facade of Sayyid Abdul-Akhad Khan's khazira was built with
entrances to mehrob and Hujra. Currently, the historical and architectural complex Museum of
Kasim-Sheikh includes a lot of historical exhibits, its collection contains more than 2000 exhibits.
The central facade of the mosque has a high portal with many intricate decorative Arabic
inscriptions. Today, Kasim Sheikh khanaqahi is visited by many tourists.
Sardoba (Malik sardoba, Raboti Malik sardoba)
is an ancient water facility located in
Karmana district, Uzbekistan. It was completed in the 11th century.
In Sardoba Persian, "Sarda" means cold, " oba " means water. A pond is a domed pond
specially built for storage on water-marshy land. The Cordoba wall has a cylindrical shape, 1.5 m
thick, 12-13 m in diameter and about 15-18 m deep. Not far from the Caravanserai there is a
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1097
reservoir (cistern) with a diameter of 13 meters, covered with a huge dome. The walls of the
reservoir are built of brick and it provides drinking water throughout the hot summer. One historian
compares the water of the reservation to the holy water of Holy Mecca known as Zamzam.
Previously, it played the role of a hotel for caravans
and individual travelers. This caravanserai served with
caution until the 8th century. It must have served
prominent·historical figures such as Timur The Great and
his successors, the Khans of Bukhara, ambassadors to the
Khanate, trade caravans and travellers. It is said that a small
village called robot was established near Córdoba in the
19th and early 20th centuries.
Karmana pottery
. About two kilometres west of Karmana is the village of “Kulollar”.
This village has long been inhabited by Potters. For them, pottery has been passed down from
generation to generation, inherited by the father.
The Potters mainly made amulets depicting The Shape of a mountain, a jug, a plate, a palm,
a hummingbird, a tray, various animals. They also made an oven using tools called” Tap-tap “and”
Shap-shap " - they used straw, sometimes wool fibers, to make it. Even now, when passing through
the village of Potters, we can see that ready-made ovens were picked and poured in front of one of
both Gates.
They used various metal powders to paint and glitter prepared dishes. For example, if lead
is melted and rubbed the dish is shiny, through copper powder the dishes are painted green. Items
with iron powder or lightning stone Crush are polished yellow. These are all unique inventions of
our ancestors in the field of pottery. So, in today's period, when a thorough study of the heritage
of the ancestors began, the dowry of Karmana Potters has been restored even more, and more
exquisite pottery is coming out to the markets.
