ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
842
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ROCK BLASTING PROCESSES IN MINING
ENTERPRISES
Djaksimuratov Karamatdin Mustapaevich
Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy (DSc).
Bayramova Minevvar Axmet qizi
Student of Nukus Mining Institute.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12510599
Abstract.
Ensuring the safety of dust and explosion during underground mining in mining
enterprises is one of the most important tasks of the enterprise. Departments of industrial safety
and labor protection should be established in mining enterprises. For example, the main method
of preventing the explosion of coal dust found during the processing of mines is to treat it with
rock dust. Traditional methods of controlling the quality of stone dust removal include
radioisotope, optical and chemical methods. To implement them, devices need replaceable tubes,
expensive optical sensors, dryers and chemical reagents, which are equipped with environmentally
harmful radioactive elements. Compressed air is widely used in many industries as a safe
technological energy carrier in economically developed countries, energy costs for the production
and distribution of compressed air reach 10-15%. An analysis of the industrial compressed air
production and distribution systems sector shows that the efficiency of the systems is relatively
low. It is about not paying enough attention to the systems, because the energy monitoring of
compressed air systems has certain difficulties - the existence of complex and branched networks
of air pipes with their own characteristics; low sensitivity of equipment that consumes compressed
air; the complexity of checking pneumatic equipment that ensures the safety of continuous
operation. The article analyzes the possibilities of reducing the costs of production and
distribution of compressed air. The task is solved by hardware and software, which is to monitor
and control the compressed air pressure at the main points of the network. The proposed method
allows real-time detection of air currents occurring in the air duct network and sending commands
to technical personnel. On the example of the Tebin Spring mine, we have considered the theories
of analysis of the satisfactory approximation of the calculated air flow with the actual values. The
practical significance of the obtained results is that the developed method of air flow control in
the network of air ducts is simple, it requires uncomplicated work.
Keywords:
Open pit mines, blasting, detonators, mine charge, mine explosion hazard, coal
mines, rock dusting, thermogravimetry, thermogravimetric curve, compressed air, compressors,
energy efficiency, air flow monitoring.
ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ ПРОЦЕССОВ ВЗРЫВНЫХ РАБОТ НА
ГОРНОДОБЫВАЮЩИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ
Аннотация.
Обеспечение пылевзрывобезопасности при подземных горных работах
на горнодобывающих предприятиях является одной из важнейших задач предприятия. На
горнодобывающих предприятиях должны быть созданы отделы промышленной
безопасности и охраны труда. Например, основным методом предотвращения взрыва
угольной пыли, образующейся при переработке шахт, является обработка ее каменной
пылью. Традиционные методы контроля качества удаления каменной пыли включают
радиоизотопные, оптические и химические методы. Для их реализации устройствам
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
843
необходимы сменные трубки, дорогостоящие оптические датчики, осушители и
химические реагенты, которые оснащены экологически вредными радиоактивными
элементами. Сжатый воздух широко используется во многих отраслях промышленности
как безопасный технологический энергоноситель. В экономически развитых странах
затраты энергии на производство и распределение сжатого воздуха достигают 10-15%.
Анализ сектора промышленных систем производства и распределения сжатого воздуха
показывает, что эффективность систем относительно низкая. Речь идет о
недостаточном внимании к системам, поскольку энергетический мониторинг систем
сжатого воздуха имеет определенные трудности – наличие сложных и разветвленных
сетей воздуховодов со своими особенностями; низкая чувствительность оборудования,
потребляющего
сжатый
воздух;
сложность
проверки
пневмооборудования,
обеспечивающего безопасность непрерывной работы. В статье анализируются
возможности снижения затрат на производство и распространение сжатого воздуха.
Задача решается аппаратно-программным путем, который заключается в контроле и
контроле давления сжатого воздуха в основных точках сети.
Предложенный метод позволяет в режиме реального времени обнаруживать
воздушные потоки, возникающие в сети воздуховодов, и отправлять команды
техническому персоналу. На примере рудника Тебинский источник мы рассмотрели
теории анализа удовлетворительного приближения расчетного расхода воздуха к
фактическим значениям. Практическая значимость полученных результатов состоит в
том, что разработанный способ регулирования расхода воздуха в сети воздуховодов
прост, требует несложной работы.
Ключевые слова:
Карьеры, взрывные работы, детонаторы, шахтный заряд,
шахтная взрывоопасность, угольные шахты, пылеобразование,
термогравиметрия,
термогравиметрическая кривая, сжатый воздух, компрессоры, энергоэффективность,
контроль расхода воздуха.
Introduction
The development of coal mines is accompanied by the intensive formation of dust particles
and their release into the atmosphere. Airborne dust is transported long distances and accumulates
both inside and outside excavations, causing not only disruption. in mines, dust exceeding the limit
values also occurs under working conditions - the lower concentration limits of fire propagation
should be taken into account. An additional factor is created in coal mines - it is necessary to
identify limited areas that ensure the explosion and spread of coal dust. The conditional occurrence
of a dust explosion is a dangerous process. Thus, if dust explosions are not reported during
opencast mining, many coal-mining countries, including several mines, have experienced
significant dust emissions with coal dust explosions. Underground dust control and a large amount
of data and research are available to assess and reduce the risk of dust-methane-air explosions and
associated worker injuries in open pit coal mining. This is a mandatory regulatory requirement to
ensure the dust and explosion-proof condition of mining operations, which is achieved by
neutralizing explosive properties during coal mining. In many coal-mining countries, the main
methods of dust and blast protection are rock dusting processes based on rock protection or the
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
844
use of non-combustible rock dust. Technical specifications" limestone (dolomite) - based on
substances with the main chemical formula CaCO3. In coal mines, a type of stone dust with
hydrophobic additives - stone hydrophobic is used. In mines engaged in intensive coal mining,
There are several stages of stone powder application. After tunneling the main 10-20 m deposits,
rock placement is carried out on the surface, and then "secondary" and "fine reactive" rocks are
dusted during the mining process. Dusting of especially fine reactive rocks was one of the first in
Australian coal mines. Stone dust cleaning is carried out using various pneumatic and mechanical
devices. Practical experience shows that the use of stone dust does not have significant negative
effects, and there are several theories related to occupational health. The main components of stone
dust (CaCO3 and hydrophobic additives of natural origin) are environmentally safe
processes.Existing technologies allow monitoring the parameters of various industrial system
objects and displaying them in a mnemonic diagram displayed on the operator's screen. More and
more mining enterprises are starting to introduce modern telecommunication solutions and
technologies that significantly reduce the probability of production errors and optimize production
processes. However, there are no existing approaches for real-time monitoring of the energy
efficiency of compressed air production and distribution systems. In most cases, the only
indication of technical or operational problems that characterize compressed air systems is an
increase in the power consumption of the compressor station. An increase in energy consumption
not only increases the efficiency of compressor devices and causes technical problems, this process
also occurs with uncontrolled air flows. Therefore, it is necessary to use a system that includes
real-time mode and implement key technical parameters, waste compressed air detection
procedures and rapid monitoring, which will be effective in implementing a warning system to
manage the elimination of the causes of air emissions. in mining enterprises. It is necessary to
consider the technical aspect of improving the energy efficiency of compressed air production and
the introduction of distribution systems in mining enterprises. It is customary to divide compressed
air systems into two parts: production and compressed air distribution processes. The first part
includes the compressor units themselves, air filters, air and collectors, dryers, etc. The second
part includes control valves, distribution air ducts and compressed air equipment and process
equipment. The second part usually represents the external network of the compressor unit. . The
one on the outside is called an external overturn. If the mine or part of it is mined by one quarry
called the career field. Planned quarry area and the geometric form describing the dimensions of
the density is its volume It is considered retired covers the stones. industrial site and other
production border where devices are located. i.e. the pit of the quarry enters. At the moment, steps
are being taken inside the quarry the assembly is called the working area of the car. Work area
upper and lower steps of the quarry where the work is being carried out lower horizontal fields (by
time) characters. Along the entire length of the front, the quarry is defined by mining operations
steps taken from the sum of the length of the mine front Just transport it to start a new level ensure
arrival and work front suitable for the workplace should be created. There is one step in the book
above the first step a transport link that carries out mass transportation. A new step should be
opened for deployment. that is, from the surface of the earth or especially from the upper rung to
the lower rung It is necessary to transfer (open) mines. In most cases, these are the same connects
points located at different heights (if one step is opened, the height difference will be one step
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
845
equal to the height). so is the target slope (i). Opening seams are trapezoidal or triangular in cross
section will have a look and according to capital moat and half called a trench. To create an initial
work queue in the opened step (cutting stage) trapezoid (triangle) of soldering iron. Length and
cross-sectional dimensions are very different making horizontal mining slabs - trench cutting (half
trench) or part with a single measurement system of length and width you have to go through the
abyss. The last depth is the digging of piles, which are inclined and vertical production capacity
of the quarry, its area dimensions. the total volume of mined mine mass is determined. The final
depth for horizontal and vertical piles is natural conditions determined by and during the entire
mining period of the quarry little changes. The ultimate depth is during career planning installed.
Elongation and transverse direction of the pile on the surface of the earth according to the
indicators of the quarry, the dimensions of the heap, i.e the dimensions of the bottom of the pit, its
depth and the slope angle of its side determined by. They can be set as a graphical representation
or analytically. The shape of the quarry in the plan is often oval. The branching of the network of
air ducts in mining enterprises and the large number of consumers of compressed air require strict
consideration of the losses that occur during transportation. The available technical means allow
control of the main parameters and are considered as energy carriers at all stages of its movement.
However, their widespread use is limited by their high cost and the need for additional technical
costs. In some cases, the use of special software is required as part of the necessary functional
tasks. In our opinion, in such conditions, methods based on real-time monitoring of the main
parameters of the energy carrier, allowing monitoring of air flows in mines and taking into account
the factors will appear. This process is more suitable for mining companies. Timely detection of
air leaks significantly reduces harmful substances and prevents losses and unnecessary costs in
compressed air systems. The design of compressor stations and the calculation of air duct networks
for stationary compressed design operating modes of compressed air consumers do not cause great
difficulties. The main function of the compressor unit is to supply air and the end user with the
appropriate process parameters, including pressure, flow and air. Important parameters of the
external network of the compressor unit are the length, diameters of the pipes and the presence of
local resistance. The selection of these parameters in the appropriate calculations and subsequent
processes allows to minimize losses and use the least compressor machines and increase energy
efficiency and energy efficiency.
Conclusion
Mines must have a fully developed ventilation system. One of the methods of technical
implementation of effective management of compressed air flow networks is software-hardware
monitoring of air flows, which consists of real-time monitoring based on the network. A
mathematical model is formed that takes into account the characteristics and availability of air
networks. The presence of pressure value indicators at the control points of the network makes it
possible to determine the air flows in the network, and networks are formed according to the
calculation method. In the example of the Tebin spring mine, the calculated parameters of the
experimental research conducted on the network of air pipes deviated from the actual values of the
air flow by no more than 9 percent. The implementation of this system allows to reduce the electric
energy consumption of drivers in developed countries, where the precise management of energy
service, compressor units of mines equal to 4000 kWh per year. The software of this method allows
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
846
real-time monitoring of the air duct network. Various processes such as mining and loading and
transportation of rocks are carried out in mining enterprises.
REFERENCES
1.
Джаксымуратов, К. М., et al. "ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРЕСНЫХ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ВОД
МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ КЕГЕЙЛИ." Экономика и социум 12-1 (91) (2021): 975-980.
2.
Jumabayeva, G., B. Allanazarov, and A. Joldasbayeva. "STAGES OF OPEN PIT
MINING. MINING METHODS AND THEIR PROCESSES." Science and innovation
2.A1 (2023): 236-240.
3.
Allanazarov, Bayrambay. "GEODETIC DIMENSIONING STUDIES AND POINT-
DIMENSION LOCATION COORDINATE SCHEME CREATION PROCESSES."
Евразийский журнал академических исследований 3.4 Part 2 (2023): 21-25.
4.
Yeshmuratova, A., et al. "MINE BLASTING PROCESSES OPTIMIZATION STAGES
OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY OF DETONATORS." Scienceweb academic papers
collection.–2023 (2023).
5.
Yeshmuratova, A., and N. Amanbaev. "Ensuring Computer Data and Management System
Security." International Bulletin of Applied Science and Technology 3.4 (2023): 282-287.
6.
Yeshmuratova,
Amangul.
"TECHNOLOGICAL
METHODS
OF
ENSURING
INFORMATION SECURITY IN TECHNICAL SYSTEMS." Евразийский журнал
академических исследований 3.4 (2023): 188-192.
7.
Ермекбаев, Умиджон, et al. "НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ ЗА ДЕФОРМАЦИЯМИ БОРТОВ,
ОТКОСОВ УСТУПОВ И ОТВАЛОВ НА КАРЬЕРАХ И РАЗРАБОТКЕ
МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЮ ИХ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ: https://doi.
org/10.5281/zenodo. 11222640." International scientific and practical conference. Vol. 1.
No. 2. 2024.
8.
Суйунов, Аброр Салохиддинович, and Учкунжон Мардонович Мирзаев.
"ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ ОТКРЫТЫХ
ГОРНЫХ РАБОТ FEATURES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF OPEN-PIT
MINING." Scientific Impulse 1.8 (2023): 9-12.
9.
Karamatdin, Djaksymuratov, and Dzhumanazarova AltynguKurbaniyazova Baxitgul.
"Changes in the regime and use of fresh groundwater in the Southern Aral Sea region."
Solid State Technology 63.6 (2020): 15884-15887.
10.
Джуманазарова, Алтынгуль Тенгеловна, Шаригуль Балтамуратовна Толепова, and
Рано Максетовна Жуматова. "ПРОБЛЕМЫ КАЧЕСТВА ОРОСИТЕЛЬНЫХ ВОД."
Science and innovation 1.D3 (2022): 263-267.
11.
Джуманазарова, А. Т., А. С. Генжемуратов, and Данияр Калбаевич Жумамуратов.
"Изменение режима и использование пресных подземных вод Южного Приаралья."
СЕЛЕКЦИЯ,
СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО,
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ
ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ
И
ПЕРЕРАБОТКА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР (2021): 249-253.
12.
Джуманазарова, Алтынгуль, Абдикадир Генжемуратов, and Рано Жуматова.
"Засоление почв в низовьях Амударьи-основная проблема орошаемого земледелия."
Евразийский журнал академических исследований 3.6 Part 3 (2023): 163-168.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
847
13.
Matjanov, Aman. "SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF THE LIFESTYLE OF THE PEOPLE
EVACUATED IN KARAKALPAKSTAN." Modern Science and Research 2.10 (2023):
771-775.
14.
Aman, Matjanov. "Traditional Transport among the Peoples of the Aral Region (1800-
1873)." Res Militaris 13.1 (2023): 2985-2988.
15.
Матжанов, Аман Жарылкапович. "Транспортные проблемы Каракалпакстана в 1920-
1930 годы." Бюллетень науки и практики 7.6 (2021): 509-517.
16.
Мислибаев, Илхом Туйчибаевич, et al. "Уменьшение пылегазового загрязнения
атмосферы при производстве массовых взрывов на карьерах." Известия вузов.
Горный журнал 2 (2017): 39-43.
17.
Заиров, Шерзод Шарипович, and Муборак Жабборовна Норматова. "Разработка
конструкции и параметров скважинных зарядов взрывчатых веществ при контурном
взрывании для получения устойчивых откосов уступов." ÃîðíüIé æóðíàë (2017):
102868.
18.
Заиров, Ш. Ш., М. Ж. Норматова, and З. С. Шарипов. "Расчет параметров
пылегазового загрязнения атмосферы при производстве массовых взрывов на
карьерах." Горный вестник Узбекистана 1 (2017): 33-35.
19.
Заиров, Ш. Ш., et al. "Исследование влияния забойки скважинного заряда на
эффективность разрушения и пылеподавления." ТОШКЕНТ-2021 (2016): 59.
20.
Саидова, Л. Ш., М. Норматова, and М. Равшанова. "АНАЛИЗ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
ТРАНСПОРТНЫМИ ПОТОКАМИ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ГОРНО-ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ
УСЛОВИЯХ." ЁШ ОЛИМЛАР АХБОРОТНОМАСИ.
