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ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, ORIGIN AND PREVENTION OF VENTRICULAR
ARRHYTHMIA
Xolmatov Mexroj
Doniyorov Shaxzod
Umarov Sherali
Ermatov Farrux
Samarkand State Medical University, Department of Therapy, Cardiology and Functional
Diagnostics, 1st year ordinators
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11642170
Abstract
. The heart is an organ that ensures the continuous movement of blood through
the veins in the desired direction. It occurs due to the occurrence of impulses that stimulate the
excitation and contraction of the myocardium.
In a healthy person, different parts of the heart contract alternately, first the atria, and
then the ventricles. The right atrium has a main source of rhythm called the sinus node.
In addition to the sinus node, other areas of the myocardium can generate impulses and
create a rhythm. However, in a healthy person, they do not cause arrhythmias due to the normal
functioning of the sinus node.
Key words:
Arrhythmia diagnosis, Arrhythmia treatment, Drug therapy, Non-drug
methods, Arrhythmia complications, Arrhythmia prevention.
ЭТИОЛОГИЯ, ПАТОГЕНЕЗ, ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЕ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА
ЖЕЛУДОЧКОВЫХ АРИТМИЙ.
Аннотация.
Сердце – орган, обеспечивающий непрерывное движение крови по
венам в нужном направлении. Оно происходит за счет возникновения импульсов,
стимулирующих возбуждение и сокращение миокарда.
У здорового человека поочередно сокращаются разные отделы сердца: сначала
предсердия, а затем желудочки. Правое предсердие имеет основной источник ритма,
называемый синусовым узлом.
Помимо синусового узла, генерировать импульсы и создавать ритм могут и другие
участки миокарда. Однако у здорового человека они не вызывают аритмий вследствие
нормального функционирования синусового узла.
Ключевые слова:
Диагностика аритмии, Лечение аритмии, Медикаментозная
терапия, Немедикаментозные методы, Осложнения аритмии, Профилактика аритмии.
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The urgency of the problem:
The heart has conduction, that is, the ability to spread
impulses throughout the myocardial tissue. This allows his cells to work harmoniously.
Arrhythmia - any disturbance in the electrical conductivity, frequency or regularity of the
heart rhythm. Sometimes it has no symptoms, other times it manifests as palpitations, freezing or
interruptions in heart activity. The patient may feel dizzy and even faint.
Research materials and methods:
Depending on the heart rate, pathology is divided into
types:
Tachyarrhythmia is an increase in heart rate of ninety or more beats per minute. Such a
pulse can be a normal variant (physiological), that is, occurring during sports, excitement or fear,
and pathological (increased heart rate at rest).
Bradyarrhythmia is a slowing of the heart rate to sixty beats per minute. in adults who are
not athletes (or in children and adolescents, depending on their age, the heart rate slows down to
60-100 beats / min).
Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of disease in which the synchronous work of
muscle fibers is disturbed due to their twitching or atrial fibrillation. That is, their contraction
disappears, which is accompanied by disturbances in the functioning of the ventricles.
Extrasystole is a heart rhythm disorder in which the whole heart or its individual parts
contract prematurely under the influence of a pathological impulse.
Paroxysmal tachycardia is a type of pathology characterized by attacks of heartbeat
(paroxysm) with a heart rate from 140 to 220 or more / min. Paroxysms are caused by ectopic
impulses that trigger the replacement of adequate sinus rhythm.
Depending on the location of the myocardial region, which is the source of the rhythm
disturbance, they are divided into:
Supraventricular arrhythmias (the source of rhythm disturbances is localized in the atria or
atrioventricular node).
Ventricular arrhythmias (the source of rhythm disturbance is located in the ventricles of
the heart).
Sinus arrhythmias (the rhythm is disturbed due to improper functioning of the sinus node).
Causes of arrhythmia
Heart rhythm can be disturbed due to cardiac reasons or due to external factors.
Arrhythmias caused by heart failure:
Heart defects that appear in utero or during life.
Consequences of myocardial infarction.
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Inflammation of the heart tissue (carditis).
GDP.
Myocarditis.
Neoplasms of the heart muscle.
Cardiomyopathies.
Heart failure.
Cardiac injuries and complications of cardiac surgery.
Long-term metabolic diseases, hypertension, alcoholism cause abnormalities in the
structure of the myocardium.
External causes of pathology are considered to be conditions that cause rhythm
disturbances, but do not cause disturbances in the structure of the heart muscle, for example,
deviations in the electrolyte balance in diseases of the kidneys and adrenal glands.
Arrhythmia can occur as a result of stress, heavy physical activity or mental work, smoking,
alcoholism, consumption of caffeinated drinks, as well as thyrotoxicosis, poisoning, fever, blood
diseases, intoxication, etc.
Observed results:
As a rule, arrhythmia is first detected by a therapist (in adults) or a
pediatrician (in children). If the heart rhythm is abnormal, the patient should consult a cardiologist
to determine the type of pathology and conduct a comprehensive examination of the cardiovascular
system.
Summary
: Electrocardiography (ECG) measures the electrical activity of the heart. The
examination is very informative if it is carried out during a heart rhythm disorder. Then the doctor
can determine the type of arrhythmia in the patient with 80% probability.
Daily ECG monitoring. If arrhythmia occurs almost every day, this study makes sense. It
consists of a person wearing a small device on their div. It records three to twelve ECG tracks
continuously for 1-3 days.
Event monitoring. The use of special tape recorders helps to understand whether the
manifestations that disturb the patient are due to cardiac arrhythmias. The essence of the study is
that the results are recorded only after the patient presses a certain button (when clinical
manifestations appear).
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