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N. Azizova is an independent researcher at Bukhara State University
O. Mahmadiyarov is an independent researcher at the Samarkand Institute
of Veterinary Medicine
O. Turaev, Ph.D., Head of Beekeeping Laboratory
THE EFFECTS OF NATURAL AND MINERAL FEEDS ON EGG PRODUCTION OF
QUEEN BEE
N. Azizova, O. Mahmadiyarov, O. Turaev
Abstract: This article explores the effects of natural and mineral feeds
on egg production and weight of queen bee. As natural feed for the control
group, 50% sugar syrup was used. For the first experimental group, 50%
sugar syrup + germinated wheat syrup, and for the second group 50% syrup
multimaks mineral supplement.
Keywords: Queen bee, mineral supplements, germinated wheat,
multimaks.
Relevance of the topic: The unique natural climatic conditions of the
Republic of Uzbekistan are favorable for feeding bee families on the basis of
high technology.
It is necessary to increase the volume of beekeeping and processing of
beekeeping products in the country, the introduction of modern advanced
technological methods of production, in particular, the centralized
organization of production of artificial feed for bees and the strengthening
of the beekeeping feed base. However, in recent years, due to chronic sugar
beet feeding in the Republic, due to the lack of vitamins, fats, carbohydrates,
amino acids, micro and macronutrients in such feeds, attention is not paid
to feeding bees with quality feed in the spring. As a result, the productivity
of the bee family is declining. This requires the use of natural and mineral
nutrients in the bee colony and feeding with micronutrient-rich
preparations in order to increase the oviposition of queens.
Scientists have shown ways to increase the productivity of the bee
family and the daily egg-laying of queen bees by feeding the bee family with
various premixes and natural nutrients, and their prospects, [1.2] they also
showed ways to pay special attention to the correct assessment of the effect
of feeding queen bees on the productivity of honey and beeswax in the
family, the wintering of the bee family, as well as the composition of honey
quality to properly organize the feeding process [3.6].
In order to increase the daily egg production of queen bees in
Uzbekistan, in research on the effective use of natural and mineral nutrients,
improving the productivity of bee colonies (honey, beeswax, pollen) and
other important indicators the advantages of using "Multimax" premix and
germinated wheat syrup (sumalak) have been shown. [4.5]
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The aim of the study: To study the effect of natural and mineral nutrients
on the weight of queen bees and their ovulation in Uzbekistan, its impacts
on the daily egg laying and live weight of queen bees.
The source and method of the research. In ensuring the quality of the bee
family changes, the role of the mother bee and its oviposition is
incomparable, and is of great importance for the quality growth and
development of the bee family. For this purpose, in order to further develop
the bee families in the local population, for the first experimental group, in
the spring, for two months, 50% sugar syrup containing 1.0% "Multimax"
premix is given, and in for the second experimental group was given 10 liters
of sugar syrup with 1 liter of germinated wheat syrup (sumalak) addition.
The bee families in the control group were given only 50% sugar syrup. Bee
families were selected on the basis of similarity, and indicators such as
family strength, age of queens, amount and system of nutrients in the hive,
and absence of bee diseases were determined. In the experimental and
control groups, 10 bee families were selected on the basis of similarity. The
daily ovulation of queen bees was studied in the period from February to
May. The frame-grid tool was used, the size of the cells in the frame-grid was
5x5 cm, and in each cell there were 100 bee colonies.
The experiments were conducted at the beekeeping farm "Saidov Samad
Sanaevich" in Vopkent district of Bukhara region. There are 250 bee families
on the farm, which belong to local bees.
Research results and their analysis. Biotechnological data on the daily
egg laying of queens using different feeds are given in Table 1 below.
In artificial insemination of mother bees, we used new innovative
methods of feeding, using various biotechnological methods for feeding
larvae.
In beekeeping, the use of various biologically active nutrients in the
reception, rearing and development of larvae for the purpose of artificial
breeding of mother bees is becoming more widespread. One of the most
pressing issues in Uzbekistan today is the study of the daily egg-laying of
queen bees in local bee families and the introduction of artificial breeding of
many queens.
Our initial data on daily egg laying of queen bees in bee families are
reflected in Table 1.
Data on the daily egg-laying rate of queen bees are given in Table 1
below.
Table 1
Daily egg-laying rate of queen bees (in pieces)
Date of observation
n
Lim
X±Sx
Cv, %
28.02.2018
10
441-836
638,3±9,1
4,51
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171
11.03.2018
10
559-1309
934,2±8,4
25,40
23.03.2018
10
755-1376
1065,5±80,8
24,0
04.04.2018
10
1211-1760
1489,2±29,5
3,01
16.04.2018
10
1540-1940
1738,3±30,9
3,21
28.04.2018
10
1569-2055
1811,6±48,5
4,31
10.05.2018
10
1804-2151
1977,5±64,4
3,30
22.05.2018
10
1914-2369
2134,2±70,1
4,16
The analysis of Table 1 shows that the daily laying of eggs by queen
bees initially occurred in the same texture as the daily laying of eggs by
queens in the local population. The rate of daily laying of queen bees in the
local population, even in all weather conditions, has changed since early
spring.
In bee families, initially on February 28, its egg-laying was 638.3, in
March it was 1065.5, in April it was 1811.6, and on May 22 it had a
maximum of 2134.2. This was increased by 334.3 per cent. This is the
highest figure in 2018.
Table 2
Influence of queen bees daily egg laying when fed on different nutrients, (X ± Sx)
The date
research
took place
n
1
st
control
group, 50 %
sugar syrup
C
v %
2
nd
experimental
group 50 % sugar
syrup-
germinated
wheat syrup
(sumalak)
C
v %
3
rd
experimental
group
50 % sugar
syrup +
âMultimaxâ
premix
C
v %
17.03.
10 580,1±4,5
4,40 613,4±10,1
4,54 593,3±9,4
4,49
29.03.
10 670,4±5,4
4,50 1013,4±70,4
3,51 931,7±80,3
2,44
09.04.
10 915,4±6,7
4,90 1240,5±81,4
2,80 1114,2±89,8 2,50
21.04.
10 1090,5±9,00
5,00 1775,6±31,5
3,22 1663,3±22,1 3,19
03.05.
10 1119,1±7,40
5,01 2061,3±44,4
3,30 1963,1±24,1 3,20
14.05.
10 1200,4±6,76
5,50 2340,1±31,8
3,96 2160,3±30,9 3,87
26.05.
10 1560,7±7,04
6,71 2453,5±48,1
4,52 2280,0±42,5 4,49
12.06.
10 1818,6±9,01
6,00 2505,5±81,2
4,80 2304,2±42,5 4,40
24.06.
10 1980,1±8,04
6,50 2548,5±76,1
5,15 2300,1±41,4 5,00
Table 2 shows that local bee families were fed with the "Multimax"
premix, and in Experiment Group III, the daily egg-laying rate of queen bees
increased rapidly during the season. Initially, in March, its daily egg
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172
production was 593.3 eggs (Cv, 4.49%), while in April, it reached 1114.2
eggs (Cv, 2.50%), and this figure was considerably higher with 127.7 per
cent from the control group. It constituted to 2280.0 pieces (Cv, 4.49%) at
the end of May, resulting in an increase of 222.2% compared to the control
group, and to the highest level in mid-June, was 2304.2 pieces (Cv, 4.40). %),
which was an higher with 126.7% than that of control group. This is the
highest figure. (R>0,999).
Similarly, in Experimental Group II, which was fed with germinated
wheat syrup (sumalak), the daily number of eggs laid by queen bees in
March was 613.4 pieces, while in April this number grew and constituted to
1240.5 pieces. The increase compared to the control group was 135.5% (Cv
2.80%), with the highest number of laying eggs of queen bees observed in
June and it was 2548.5 eggs. The increase was 128.7% compared to the
control group (Cv 5.15%). This is reliably true in all groups, with a
confidence level of R > 0,999.
From the first day after the queen bees hatched from the bee eggs, we
also studied their daily weight. Data on this are given in Table 3.
Table 3
Effect of different nutrients on the weight of mother bees per day, (mg)
Groups
n
Weight of unfertilized queen bees, mg.
Lim
X±Sx
Cv, %
April 28
1
st
control group, 50 %
sugar syrup
10
185-210 196,2±2,81
4,53
2
nd
experimental group
50 % sugar syrup-
germinated wheat
syrup (sumalak)
10
214-234 224,3±2,54
3,58
3
rd
experimental group
50 % sugar syrup +
âMultimaxâ premix
10
190-223 214,0±3,49
5,16
May 13
1
st
control group, 50 %
sugar syrup
10
188-217 199,0±3,11
4,93
2
nd
experimental group
50 % sugar syrup-
germinated wheat
syrup (sumalak)
10
220-242 230,0±2,53
3,47
3
rd
experimental group
10
195-231 215,1±4,69
6,89
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From the data in Table 3, it can be seen that in the experimental group
II fed with biologically active substances, this figure was 28.1 mg or 115.6%
higher than the weight of mother bees in the control group in April. (R>
0.999). In the III experimental groups, in April, the queens weighed 17.8 mg
more than the control group. Similarly, in queen bees raised in May, these
figures are clearly visible. In Experiment Group II, this figure was 31.0 mg
higher (R> 0.999), and the variability was Cv, 3.47%. (R> 0.999) In the III
experimental group, compared with the control group, the mother bees
gained 16.1 mg or 109.1% more weight. With the onset of spring, the bee
family's need for protein-rich foods becomes more noticeable. In nature,
during periods of low pollen and nectar, it is important to feed them with
protein-rich foods, along with honey and sugar syrup.
Conclusion. During our two-year study, the following conclusions can be
drawn from the results obtained.
- feeding germinated herbal wheat syrup (sumalak), which is rich in
vitamins, to bee families, which spent a lot of energy and strength during the
winter and became lean from the winter, had a positive effect on the
development of the bee family;
- this brings the bee family to health and improved its resistance to
various diseases;
- it has been found that the number of offspring in the bee family
increases and the daily number of eggs laid by the mother bees increases
day by day.
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