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Integration of Technology and Natural Sciences in primary
classes
Navruza SALOKHITDINOVA
1
Termez University of Economics and Service
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received August 2023
Received in revised form
15 September 2023
Accepted 25 September 2023
Available online
15 October 2023
This article describes the interdisciplinary relationship
between Technology and Natural Sciences in primary education.
That is, it explains how Technology and Natural Science enter
into an integrative process with each other. Naturally, there are
many technical and technological problems in production, and
without their elimination, it is impossible to increase production
efficiency. This process certainly shows the connection of the
natural sciences.
2181-
1415/©
2023 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol4-iss8/S-pp75-80
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
Technology,
Natural Sciences,
integration,
technique,
interdisciplinarity.
Boshlang‘ich sinflarda texnologiya va tabiiy fanlar
integratsiyasi
ANNOTATSIYA
Калит сўзлар:
texnologiya,
tabiiy fanlar,
integratsiya,
texnika,
fanlararo bog‘liqlik.
Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich ta’limda texnologiya va tabiiy
fanlarning o‘zaro fanlararo bog‘liqligi ifoda etilgan. Ya’ni
texnologiya va tabiiy fanlar o‘zaro qay tartibda bir
-biri bilan
integrativ jarayonga kirishishi haqida bayon etilgan.
Интеграция технологии и естественных наук в
начальных классах
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
технология,
естественные науки,
интеграция,
В современной статье рассматривается взаимосвязь
между технологиями и естественными науками в контексте
начального образования. Автор акцентирует внимание на
том, как технические инновации и естествознание
1
Teacher, PhD, Pedagogy Department,
Termez University of Economics and Service.
E-mail: saloxitdinovanavruza@gmail.com
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техника,
междисциплинарность.
взаимодействуют, создавая синергетический эффект. В
современном производстве немало технических и
технологических проблем, решение которых напрямую
связано с применением знаний из области естественных
наук. Такое интегративное взаимодействие не только
демонстрирует
переплетение
дисциплин,
но
и
подчеркивает значимость естественных наук в решении
актуальных практических задач.
Introduction
.
It is known that bringing up young people, providing them with education, and
raising them to be worthy personnel for the future has always been one of the most
important tasks of every country. Likewise, if we say that such matters are constantly at
the center of attention of our country's leaders, we will be telling the truth.
The Strategy of Actions on five priority directions of the development of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, which was adopted under the direct initiative and leadership of
the President of our republic Sh.M. Mirziyoyev is consistently implemented, started a new
stage of development in our republic. The practical results of this process are evident today
in all spheres of our lives, most importantly in the thinking, aspirations, and actions of our
people. [1; P. 488.].
Special attention is paid to the issue of improving the education system, which is one
of the priority directions of the development of the social sphere, the fourth of the action
strategy.
The head of our state in his speeches and talks during his visit to each region, has
been emphasizing the need to consider the issues of raising a mature generation and
leading young people to live a healthy lifestyle as an urgent issue on the agenda. As the
President stated: "If we do not give our children a proper education, if we do not keep an
eye on their behavior and mood every day, every minute if we do not teach them science
and technology if we do not find a decent job, then we will lose this deposit.
In our country, as it is known, in the essence of the "On Education" and the National
Curriculum, the tasks of training highly qualified specialists who can meet the
requirements of world standards are set. In particular, the main goal of education is to
reform fundamentally the field of education, to free it from the ideological views and
prejudices of the past, to create a national system of training qualified personnel that meets
high moral and ethical requirements at the level of developed democratic countries. is to
create.
At the present time, when the reforms in the field of education are being
implemented step by step, there is a need to implement the existing conclusions and
recommendations on increasing the effectiveness of education based on the requirements
of the quality of education. In particular, the training of today's personnel consists of the
formation of competitive, active individuals, i.e. specialists, who can adapt to the period of
transition to the market economy. This issue is the main task in the teaching of
"Technology" as well as other subjects. The content of this task, in our opinion, becomes
more clear in interaction with "Natural Sciences".
Materials and methods.
For the article, the content of the integration of
Technology and Natural Sciences in primary education was researched based on effective
methods of teaching (problematic, logical, oral presentation, observation,
experimentation).
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Results and its discussion.
The great thinkers and scholars of the East in their
scientific and educational works, poems and ghazals, and literary heritage emphasized and
glorified the sanctity and necessity of professional and creative work. Among them, Ahmad
al-Farghani, Imam al-Bukhari, Imam al-Tirmizi, Abu Nasr Farabi, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu
Ali Ibn Sina, Yusuf Khos Hajib, Ahmad Yassavi, Mahmud Kashgari, Mahmud Zamakhshari,
Sheikh Najmuddin Kubra, Burkhaniddin Marginani, Mahmud Chagmini, Bakhovuddin
Naqshbandi, Abdurahman Jami, Alisher Navoi, Mirzo Ulug'bek and many other scholars
expressed creative work, creative work, and profession in their works [ 11; p. 156].
Regarding the creation of inventions related to new devices, the works of Ahmad al-
Farghani (IX century), Abu Rayhan Beruni (IX-X centuries), and Mahmud Chagmini (XII-
XIII centuries) should be highlighted. One of Al-Farghani's major works in this field is the
book "Kitab fi sa'ha al-asturlob" (Book on Making Asturlob), which is devoted to the
making of an astronomical observation instrument, the asturlob presented his ideas for
the development of new technical solutions on the example of his recommendations for
making data tables, north and south astrolabia.
M. Behbudi, A. Fitrat, H.H. Niyozi, representatives of the new enlightenment
movement that appeared in the territory of Central Asia in the second half of the 19th
century, implemented heuristic methods of developing the creative abilities of young
people for the first time in their new schools. For example, Fitrat emphasizes that
intellectual education is carried out through reading and learning, and in this, he
distinguishes the intellectually gifted by nature and the professional (perfect) mind that is
formed through knowledge.
These issues have been thoroughly studied in many scientific research works.
Pedagogical scientists of our country A.I.Vorobyev, K.Davlatov, R.Mavlonova,
P.T.Magzumov K.Mirsaidov, N.Muslimov, U.N.Nishonaliyev, M.O.Ochilov, J.Ramizov,
N.S.Sayidahmedov, O'.Tolipov, Sh.S.Sharipov, O. Eshonov, A.R. Khodzhaboyev, E.T.
Choriyev, N. Shodiyev, O. Koyysinov, O.H. Hayitov, etc., directed young people to the
profession, trained teachers, trained future teachers in various fields of practical-
pedagogical activity, including problems of effective management of creative activities of
students and pupils are highlighted.
It is known that our ancestors paid special attention to their children's education
and vocational training. Therefore, every parent has duties towards their children,
including giving them a good name, teaching them to read and write, to make them
professional, to making them have two heads and a home. Our ancestors have followed this
tradition since ancient times. At least they left their craft as a legacy to their descendants.
It is because of this that our national traditions, customs, values, and national crafts have
been developing for centuries.
Since the independence of our republic, fundamental reforms have been carried out
in the education system so that Uzbek boys and girls can be educated in modern
educational institutions, using modern technical means, under the hands of qualified
specialists.
What is the goal of educational reform? The main goal is that we want to build a
great future country called Uzbekistan. The future of our country is in the hands of today's
generations. We want the great future of Uzbekistan to be in the hands of highly spiritual,
physically healthy, qualified and creative people. We should pay attention to the education
system in order to develop people with such qualities. For this purpose, all the laws and
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documents under the law being reformed are being implemented in harmony and
consistency. According to the types of educational institutions, the State educational
standards and educational programs were developed based on these standards. State and
non-state educational organizations have been established, educational literature is being
created. All this is for our future generations [2; p. 52].
Today, Uzbekistan is developing on a global scale. In order for Uzbekistan to further
develop and progress, we need to train qualified personnel. Qualified personnel are
educated, resourceful, creative people. Development of such individuals is a guarantee of
development of the country and society. Otherwise, they will freeze at some point. Because
where there is creativity, there is growth, development, and competition [8; p. 221].
So, what does the education of a creative person depend on? Of course, this issue
goes back to the pedagogues, because only an inquisitive, knowledgeable, master of his
profession can educate a real specialist. A healthy environment and favorable conditions
should be created for students to get a good education. In this regard, several works are
being carried out in our country. For example, the perfect renovation of schools, provision
of modern equipment, and equipment, creation of modern textbooks, and electronic
textbooks are proof of our above ideas. Therefore, it is the duty of the pedagogical staff to
train qualified personnel using these facilities.
Today, the reforms carried out in the field of education in our republic aim at a
number of tasks in the teaching of all subjects. At the same time, it is obvious that there is
a need to carry out a number of practical works to further improve the teaching of
"Technology" and "Natural Sciences" classes held in general secondary schools and the
work of sending students to the profession. .
It is known that since the independence of our Republic, a number of foreign
countries have been investing in our country, joint ventures have been established with a
number of foreign countries, foreign machine tools have been imported and installed in a
number of industrial enterprises, but this is The lack of qualified personnel with modern
knowledge to operate in the field is considered one of the urgent issues of today [9; p. 68].
Vocational orientation issues require paying great attention to improving the teaching of
"Technology" subjects in general secondary schools, and through "Natural Sciences" not
only professionals of each profession, but also independent ones. can express the
education of individuals who can think and work in dependence. Because, on the basis of
these sciences, the child understands and helps to understand the connection between
nature and life. Taking this into account, it is appropriate to make the issue of education of
a person who can think and work independently as the main criterion of "Technology" and
"Natural Sciences" classes held in schools.
The main purpose of the subject "Technology" taught in general secondary schools
is to inculcate the aspects of technological education in schoolchildren. That is, it consists
of a process of mental and physical actions performed by students under the guidance of a
technology teacher, and as a result, they acquire knowledge about work tools, tools, and
processes, as well as the necessary practical skills to perform production work in a certain
field. "An educational subject aimed at developing personal qualities and thinking that
allow them to acquire skills and qualifications, consciously choose a profession and
participate in labor activities for the welfare of society and the individual [3; 4; 5; 6].
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In "Natural Sciences" lessons, the organization of students' practical work, including
independent and creative activities, directly depends on the teacher's knowledge and
pedagogical skills in this field.
Usually, the concepts related to this are given to students in the course of teaching
"Technology Science Teaching Methodology" and "Geography Science Teaching
Methodology". That is, the methodology of teaching technology is a generalizing science,
in which students are generally taught how to use the forms and methods of organizing
technology lessons in schools [7; p. 52]. In this regard, issues of using educational
technologies, in particular, interactive methods, and innovative pedagogical technologies
in the teaching process, are given special importance in the current textbooks. Based on
this, these academic subjects act as an integral part of education in harmony with each
other.
Conclusions.
It is emphasized that a more effective implementation of an integrated
approach in primary grades will increase students' interest in acquiring technology and
natural knowledge, and will help to strengthen their skills, qualifications, and
competencies. It is necessary to improve integrated education, analyze and design one's
own activities, independent research, and develop competencies for positive resolution of
professional problem situations in elementary grades.
Thus, based on the above information and analysis, the following conclusions were
reached:
1. On the basis of the integration of technology and natural sciences in elementary
grades, in the development of students' theoretical knowledge, practical skills, skills, and
competencies, in the process of solving problematic situations, interrelated components
aimed at the formation of personal intellectual qualities (organizational, activity, content,
evaluation, result) was determined by matching.
2. The components of the integrated approach (organizational-active, creative,
axiological, cognitive, reflexive-evaluation) and improvement levels of interdisciplinarity
(probability, optimal, limited) and effectiveness (speed of self-creative development) were
improved.
3. The integration of technology and natural sciences in elementary grades is based
on the psychological characteristics of students, didactic principles, i.e. scientificity,
coherence, consistency, comprehensibility, theory, and practical unity, and the quality of
integrated knowledge based on the teacher's pedagogical skills. and efficiency was
ensured.
4. It was emphasized that the more effective integration of technology and natural
sciences in primary classes will arouse students' interest in mastering specific and natural
knowledge, and will help to strengthen their skills, qualifications, and competencies.
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