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Determination of the occupational risk to the health of
marble production workers, taking into account the
indicator "class of working conditions according to the
degree of harmfulness and danger"
Guzal ISKANDAROVA
1
, Aziz ISKANDAROV
2
, Valikhon RASHIDOV
3
,
Aysulu UBBINIYAZOVA
4
, Gulnora ISLAMOVA
5
, Bekzod ERGASHOV
6
Nazokat ALLANAZAROVA
7
Tashkent Medical Academy
Central Asian Medical University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received August 2024
Received in revised form
15 September 2024
Accepted 25 September 2024
Available online
15 October 2024
In modern preventive medicine, increasing attention is being
given to predicting occupational risks to workers' health when
assessing working conditions and the nature of work. This
approach enables the identification of potential risks and the
likelihood of developing occupational diseases.
2181-
1415/©
2024 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol5-iss1
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
preventive,
occupational medicine,
sanitary norms.
1
Department of Communal Hygiene and Occupational Health, Tashkent Medical Academy. Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
2
Hygienic and medical procedures modeling department, Central Asian Medical University. Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
3
Department of Communal Hygiene and Occupational Health, Tashkent Medical Academy. Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
4
Department of Communal Hygiene and Occupational Health, Tashkent Medical Academy. Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
5
Department of Communal Hygiene and Occupational Health, Tashkent Medical Academy. Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
6
Department of Communal Hygiene and Occupational Health, Tashkent Medical Academy. Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
7
Department of Communal Hygiene and Occupational Health, Tashkent Medical Academy. Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
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“
Zararlilik va xavflilik darajasi bo
‘
yicha mehnat
sharoitlari klassi
”
ko
‘
rsatkichini hisobga olgan holda
marmar ishlab chiqaruvchi ishchilar uchun kasbiy sog
‘
liq
uchun xavflarni aniqlash
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
profilaktika,
professional tibbiyot,
sanitariya me
’
yorlari.
Zamonaviy profilaktika tibbiyotida mehnat sharoitlari va
xarakterini tahlil qilishda ishchilarning sog‘lig‘i uchun kasbiy
xavflarni bashorat qilishga e’tibor ortib bormoqda. Ushbu
yondashuv
potentsial
xavflarni
aniqlash
va
kasbiy
kasalliklarning rivojlanish ehtimolini baholash imkonini beradi
Определение профессионального риска для здоровья
работников мраморного производства с учетом
показателя «класс условий труда по степени
вредности и опасности»
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
профилактическая,
профессиональная
медицина,
санитарные нормы.
В современной профилактической медицине всё
большее
внимание
уделяется
прогнозированию
профессиональных рисков для здоровья работников при
анализе условий и характера труда. Такой подход
позволяет выявлять потенциальные риски и оценивать
вероятность развития профессиональных заболеваний.
INTRODUCTION
In modern preventive medicine, when assessing the conditions and nature of work,
more and more attention is paid to predicting the occupational risk to the health of
workers, which makes it possible to determine the possibility of developing occupational
diseases [1, 2]. The possibility of developing a change in the state of health of workers is
largely determined by the individual sensitivity of his div to the action of harmful and
dangerous factors of the industrial environment. The solution to such problems is
relevant for occupational medicine since research in this direction can be useful in
developing a forecast of the individual risk of developing occupational diseases and
choosing preventive measures [3, 4].
The purpose of the study
is to develop a system of preventive measures based on
an assessment of the possibility of developing production-related and occupational
pathology among workers in the marble industry.
METHOD:
To predict occupational risks to the health of workers in a marble enterprise,
a methodology developed in the fields of sanitation, hygiene, and occupational diseases
was utilized. This methodology assesses the level of occupational risk by considering the
class of working conditions, based on the degree of harmfulness and danger.
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To determine the class of working conditions, the working environment of
employees at the marble product manufacturing enterprise "Kizil Tosh" was studied
using standard laboratory and instrumental methods for analyzing harmful factors.
Industrial noise levels were measured with ISHV-1 sound level meters, and the
results were evaluated in accordance with San-PiN 0325-16, "Sanitary norms for
permissible noise levels at workplaces." Temperature and relative humidity were
measured using an Assman psychrometer, while air velocity was determined with a
catathermometer. The measurement data were compared with the standards outlined in
San-PiN 0324-16, "Sanitary norms for the microclimate of industrial premises."
The dust content in the air was assessed using the aspiration method. Dust
concentration in the workplace air was evaluated in compliance with GOST 12.1.005-88,
"General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area," and San-
PiN 0046-95, "Hygienic standards for harmful substances in the air of the working area
To determine the class of working conditions, the working conditions of the workers of
the enterprise for the manufacture of marble products "Kizil Tosh" were studied using
generally accepted laboratory and instrumental methods for studying harmful factors.
Industrial noise was measured with a sound level meter. IShV
–
1 (Russia), the results
were evaluated according to SanPiN No. 0325-16 "Sanitary norms for permissible noise
levels in the workplace." The temperature and relative humidity were measured with an
Assmann psychrometer, the air velocity was measured with a catathermometer, and the
measurement data were compared in accordance with SanPiN No. 0324
–16 “Sanitary
norms for the microclimate of industrial premises." The temperature and relative
humidity were measured with an Assmann psychrometer, the air velocity was measured
with a catathermometer, the measurement data were compared by SanPiN No. 0324
–
16
"Sanitary standards for the microclimate of industrial premises". The dust content of the
air was determined by the aspiration method, and the concentration of dust in the air of
the working area was assessed according to GOST 12.1.005
–
88 "General sanitary and
hygienic requirements for the air of the working area" and SanPiN No. 0046
–
95
"Hygienic standards. MPC of harmful substances in the air of the working area.
Illumination was measured using a light meter brand Yu
–
116, and the evaluation of the
results was carried out taking into account KMK 2.01.05-98 "Natural and artificial
lighting".
The general assessment of working conditions by class and the degree of
harmfulness was carried out in accordance with the "Methodology for assessing working
conditions" (2004), San PiN Republic of Uzbekistan No. 0141
–
03 "Hygienic classification
of working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working
environment, the severity, and intensity of the labor process." Occupational risk was
determined in accordance with the methodological recommendations "Hygienic
prediction of occupational risk to the health of workers depending on the class of
working conditions in terms of the degree of harmfulness and danger (according to a
generalized indicator of the class of working conditions) and substantiation of the
occupational causation of morbidity with temporary disability" (2004).
The results of hygienic studies were taken into account when developing
preventive measures aimed at improving working conditions and organizing the labor
process, reducing its severity and tension, increasing efficiency and maintaining the
health of marble production workers.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The technological process at the Kizil Tosh enterprise consists of the following
steps: hydraulic cutting of marble slabs on special machines, grinding and, if necessary,
polishing the surfaces of marble products, and applying a pattern or a certain mosaic to
the finished surface.
In the course of studying this technological process, the main types of production
factors were identified: noise, cooling microclimate, dust content in the air of the working
area, and physical stress. At the Kizil Tosh enterprise, marble dust remains the leading
harmful factor, the average concentration of which is 10.8 at a MPC of 6 mg
/
m the class
I degree.
Also, one of the most important hygienic characteristics of the production under
study is a cooling microclimate, which is associated with the use of water in the process
of cutting and polishing marble. Thus, at these workplaces, the average air temperature is
23°С
(at a norm of 24
–25°С
, taking into account the severity of the work performed),
relative humidity is 85% (at a norm of 40
–
60%) and the air velocity is 0.25 m/s. s (at a
rate of 0.1 m/s), which does not meet hygienic standards. To assess working conditions
in terms of industrial microclimate, the class of harmfulness of working conditions was
determined by temperature and relative humidity. Thus, the working conditions of
carvers and grinders belong to the 3rd class of the II degree, and painters
–
to the 3rd
class of the I degree.
Along with dust and meteorological factors in the production of marble products,
production noise also plays a leading role, to which workers are exposed throughout the
entire work shift. The noise that occurs mainly during the operation of cutting and
grinding machines is mechanical in origin, constant in time, and broadband in the
spectrum. The greatest excess of its levels was noted at the workplaces of grinders. Thus,
the analysis of the spectral composition of noise showed that at frequencies of 250
–
4000 Hz, it is exceeded by 12
–
16 dB, which made it possible to classify the working
conditions of grinders when exposed to industrial noise as harmful, which corresponds
to the 3rd class II degree, carvers
–
3- mu class I degree, and painters
–
to the admissible
2nd class.
Classes of working conditions for marble production workers, taking into
account the degree of harmfulness and danger, the severity and intensity of the labor
process.
Factor
Cutter
Painter
Grinder
Dust
3.1
3.1
3.2
Noise
3.1
2
3.2
Microclimate
3.2
3.1
3.2
Lighting
3.1
3.1
3.1
Severity
3.1
3.1
3.3
Tension
3.1
3.2
3.2
General assessment of working conditions
3.2
3.2
3.3
Another negative factor affecting the div of workers is the low illumination of the
workplace. To ensure successful visual work and the activity of the organism as a whole,
the creation of rational conditions for natural and artificial lighting is of great
importance. Production operations in the marble industry are associated with strain on
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the organs of vision, which places increased demands on the organization of lighting.
Measurements of actual illumination showed that in most cases there is insufficient and
uneven illumination levels at workplaces during the work shift. Thus, the work of
painters requires the tension of the visual analyzer, but at the same time, the intensity of
lighting in the workplace does not meet hygienic requirements. The reasons for
insufficient illumination at workplaces are the insufficient number of artificial lighting
fixtures, dimming of light by equipment, low reflectivity of walls and ceilings, and
irrational lighting.
Taking into account the severity and intensity of the labor process, the working
conditions of workers in marble production are characterized as harmful in the range
from the first to the third degree of the 3rd class of working conditions, while the most
difficult work was determined by the grinders of the marble production.
The above-presented studies, to a certain extent, made it possible to
comprehensively and sufficiently fully give a hygienic description of the main factors of
the production environment of marble production, from differentiating the studied
conditions there according to the degree of deviation of the parameters of the production
environment and the labor process from the current hygienic standards by the possible
influence of these deviations on the functional state and health of workers.
Taking into account the above, we have given a general assessment of the working
conditions of workers in marble production, taking into account the degree of
harmfulness and danger, and the severity and intensity of the labor process (see table).
According to the general assessment of working conditions, the occupational health
risk for the workers of the enterprise under study was determined, due to a combination of
the impact of adverse production factors: dusty air in the working area, cooling
microclimate, noise, low level of industrial lighting and intense physical activity. Thus,
according to the indicator of the class of working conditions, the level of occupational risk to
the health of workers in marble production was determined
–
from low to above average.
At the same time, the level of occupational risk is higher than average for grinders (3.3),
while carvers and painters are low (3.2). Based on the research results obtained, we have
given recommendations for improving the working conditions of the workers of the Kizil
Tosh marble production. To limit the adverse effects of dust in the source of formation, it is
necessary to remove it using mechanical local exhaust ventilation with a suction speed of at
least 3
–
4.5 m/s. To reduce noise at the source of noise, it is necessary to use damping pads
on the colliding parts made of rubber, and fiber. To ensure adequate lighting, local
fluorescent lamps must be used above the work surfaces. Regardless of the stage of the
technological process, it is necessary to provide workers with personal protective
equipment. To prevent occupational diseases and reduce overall morbidity, it is necessary to
undergo medical examinations following order No. 200 of the Ministry of Health of the
Republic of Uzbekistan. Thus, according to the indicator of the class of working conditions,
the level of occupational risk for grinders of the enterprise producing marble products is
above average, for carvers and painters it is low.
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