Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/socinov/index
Free scientific and technical zones
Ruzinazarov SHUKHRAT
1
Liliya ACHILOVA
2
1
Tashkent state university of law
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received September 2020
Received in revised form 15
September 2020
Accepted 25 September
2020
Available online
1 October 2020
The zone of dynamic development of applied science and
industry is a technology park that creates the most favorable
conditions for business and provides an opportunity to use
research, design and application of new digital technologies.
The main goal of creating innovation centers is to create
favorable conditions for the formation and development of
digital technologies. This is based on the effective use of
information and communication technologies, scientific and
educational integration and industrial integration.
2181-1415/© 2020 in Science LLC.
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY
4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
Innovative digital economy
Free scientific and technical
zones
Special tax and financial
benefits
Technology parks
Innovative technologies.
Эркин илмий-техник зоналар
АННОТАЦИЯ
Калит сўзлар:
Инновацион рақамли
иқтисодиёт
Эркин илмий-техник
зоналар
Махсус солиқ ва молиявий
имтиёзлар
Технология парклари
инновацион
Технологиялар.
Амалий илм-фан ва саноатнинг динамик ривожланиш
зонаси бизнес учун энг қулай шарт-шароитларни
яратадиган ва янги рақамли технологияларни тадқиқ
қилиш, лойиҳалаш ва қўллаш имконини берадиган
технология парки ҳисобланади. Инновация марказларини
яратишдан асосий мақсад рақамли технологияларни
шакллантириш ва ривожлантириш учун қулай шарт-
шароитлар яратишдан иборат. Бу ахборот-коммуникация
технологиялари, илмий-маърифий интеграция ва саноат
интеграциясидан самарали фойдаланишга асосланган.
1
Doctor of law, Professor, Tashkent state university of law, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2
PhD, Tashkent state university of law Tashkent, Uzbekistan
e-mail: Liliya.achilova@mail.ru
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
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288
Свободные научно-технические зоны
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
Инновационная цифровая
экономика
Свободные научно-
технические зоны
Специальные налоговые и
финансовые льготы
Технопарки
инновационные
технологии.
Зона динамичного развития прикладной науки и
промышленности – это технопарк, который создает
наиболее благоприятные условия для ведения бизнеса и
предоставляет возможность использовать исследования,
разработки и применение новых цифровых технологий.
Основной целью создания инновационных центров
является
создание
благоприятных
условий
для
формирования и развития цифровых технологий. Это
основано на эффективном использовании информационно-
коммуникационных технологий, научно-образовательной
интеграции и промышленной интеграции
The development of the innovative digital economy is associated with the
formation of new free scientific and technical zones. These zones were first established in
the United States and at the expense of state-funded research centers (Japan, China).
They focus on the activities of domestic and foreign research, design, and scientific and
industrial enterprises. They are entitled to special tax and financial benefits. The creation
of technology parks is characterized by geographical, economic, scientific and social
factors. Such technology parks will help to increase the state's competitiveness in the
world market and develop the national digital economy based on high-tech production.
The use of digital technologies in the techno park, in turn, is an important means of
attracting investment.
Article 10 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On special economic zones"
defines free scientific and technological zones as one of the most important types of free
economic zones. [1] In accordance with this article, free scientific and technological zones
include separate regions where research and production centers are concentrated, and a
special legal framework for scientific, scientific and industrial development has been
created. Free scientific and technological zones are created in the form of technoparks,
regional innovation centers-with the use of high technologies.
The development of the high-tech sector in the national digital economy, in turn,
provides the basis for the production of competitive products of economic entities
operating in techno parks. Funds allocated to public sector risk management projects are
spent on research to create new types of digital technology products. Enterprises
engaged in the production of digital technologies are centralized in the techno park and
have more favorable conditions and opportunities than manufacturers in other industrial
regions of the country. There are objective conditions for the introduction of digital
technology products in parks that specialize in the production of technology parks, and
the introduction of innovative scientific achievements in production. The methods of
organizing and managing techno parks vary, depending on the common ownership of the
University, local authorities, and business entities.
Technoparks can be financed from various sources. These sources are funds
created by the University, founding organizations, funds allocated by local authorities,
state authorities, industrial enterprises and their own funds. Despite the use of various
forms of management and financing of technoparks, their characteristics are such that
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favorable conditions are observed for venture companies. Inventors and scientists who
participate in the production of new products and digital technologies gain advantages.
Such preferential assistance may be related to the rental of industrial premises,
assistance in the purchase of laboratory equipment, consulting services, promotion of
technological inventions and the allocation of appropriate loan amounts. More
importantly, greater use of public-private partnerships in the operation of digital
technology parks is an important prerequisite for their effectiveness.
In addition, specialization in the production of new products and technologies,
especially in the field of foreign investment, will ensure the effective functioning of digital
technology parks. Providing preferential implementation of joint projects with the
participation of scientists and specialists of technoparks will help to meet the state's
goals for rapid development in the field of innovation strategy.
Attracting investment to special economic zones has an advantage.
Technopark is a zone of dynamic development of applied science and industry,
which creates the most favorable conditions for business and provides an opportunity to
use research, design and application of new digital technologies. These zones use state-
of-the-art digital technologies and produce competitive products. In addition, service
areas (tourism, insurance, etc.) have been rapidly developing in recent years. Microzones
are becoming a new type of economic zone. The main goal of their organization is the
development of city districts or large enterprises of the city, and the creation of micro-
ranges is of great importance in foreign countries (in France). The main goal of creating
innovation centers is to create favorable conditions for the formation and development of
digital technologies. This is based on the effective use of information and communication
technologies, scientific and educational integration, and industrial integration.
It is necessary to develop additional guarantees to create the export potential of
free economic zones, study the needs of new special economic zones, increase the
attractiveness of the digital investment environment in free economic zones, create
industrial and digital innovative technologies, and develop regional cooperation of
special economic zones.
An important step in the Republic of Uzbekistan to increase the attractiveness of
the investment environment in free economic zones is the great importance that the
country attaches to the creation of joint medical technology parks together with foreign
countries. Currently building the necessary infrastructure for the production of forming
substations contributes to the creation of this platform for industrial development of the
state, delivery of import-substituting medicines to consumers at affordable prices and
increase the number of export products. For example, the Uzbek-Chinese medical
technology Park that deals with drug synthesis was established in the free industrial
economic zone «Navoi» and attracts direct investment to expand the opportunities of
digital technologies in this area.
Complex free economic zones are created on the territory of individual
administrative structures with the establishment of a special preferential regime for
economic activity. Some of the integrated free economic zones are new, while others are
export-oriented industrial products based on specialized zones with high institutional
indicators. Compared to other types of complex free economic zones, firstly, it is a large
territory, and secondly, production is centralized at the highest rate, and thirdly, it
operates on a large scale. Compared to other types of complex free economic zones,
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firstly, it is a large territory, and secondly, production is centralized at the highest rate,
and thirdly, it operates on a large scale. The main function of such zones is created in a
single or complete way. That is? they have an advantage in the development of
international trade, import-substituting products, the financial market, and
communications.
The rich experience of the Irish state in creating free economic zones is
remarkable. First of all, free economic zones have a number of different types. Secondly,
it makes a worthy contribution to the development of the country's economy. Third, the
free economic zone has increased the investment attractiveness of the Irish economy
through the introduction of an innovative management system. Another noteworthy
aspect is that in the Shannon free economic zone, multinational corporations (such as
Intel) have specialized electronic and information technology industries. This makes it
possible to turn Ireland into a technologically advanced developing country. In addition,
the creation of export-oriented multinational corporations in the free economic zones of
the Cyprus state contributes to the attractiveness of foreign investment. The analysis
shows that it is necessary to develop additional guarantees for creating the export
potential of free economic zones, study the needs of new special economic zones,
increase the attractiveness of the digital investment environment in free economic zones,
create industrial and digital innovative technologies, and develop regional cooperation of
special economic zones. In addition, the organizational and legal mechanisms of broad
attraction of foreign investment in special economic zones, their effectiveness in the use
of digital systems in their administrative management, as well as the improvement of
scientific, methodological and organizational and legal mechanisms of their activities.
Innovation and investment attractiveness of free economic zones is an important
mechanism for regional development. Traditional approaches to a Free economic zone,
where the state uses special privileges and incentives, now include innovation and
investment incentives for such areas. The development of free economic zones affects
factors related to the processes of globalization, active investment enterprises and the
use of digital technologies.
The combination of innovation and investment based on digital technologies in the
free economic zone requires not only improving the efficiency of the economic system,
but also improving the mechanisms for regulating public relations. The current need for
free economic zones is directly related to innovation, investment, public-private
partnerships, and clustering. The new generation of free economic zones also includes
the development of scientific, technical and innovative infrastructure, the creation and
production of nano technologies in the region, the development of innovative and
investment-social entrepreneurship, the production of competitive and export-oriented
products, insurance of business risks, and legal mechanisms. In addition, the
modernization of free economic zones in the field of innovation, industrial, production
and technical implementation using advanced digital technologies, legal support for
increasing the innovation and investment attractiveness of special economic zones with a
real threat to the environment and the environment and the rational use of pastures. This
is an important task. Taking into account the population's need for food, increasing the
innovation and investment attractiveness of specialized economic zones of agriculture,
horticulture, animal husbandry and horticulture of the cluster type will help to solve
many strategically important program tasks. The effective functioning of logistics centers
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and the development of its legal framework for innovative and investment-free economic
zones in this model are key factors in the development of the digital economy. The
development of a new type of innovative and investment-free economic zone, including
investment, investment process, production environment, Internet space, and logistics
center, in turn, will serve to apply organizational and legal mechanisms for organizing
their activities based on modern requirements.
As a result of the analysis of current trends in the development of free economic
zones and their legal security, the following conclusions can be drawn.
First, it is necessary to take into account objective factors of regional development
when organizing free (private) economic zones. And most importantly, it is necessary to
ensure the level of socio-economic development of the regions and accelerate the process
of urbanization, depending on the growing needs of the population.
Secondly, when developing free (private) economic zones, it is necessary to
develop and implement a long-term Concept for its development and relevant regulatory
documents, taking into account the specifics of legal regulation. Taking into account the
experience of foreign countries, it is desirable to develop a Law of the Republic of
Uzbekistan "On a special legal regime for business activities" [2].
Third, the classification of free (special) economic zones by purpose, in turn, requires
a number of principles of state regulation. Increasing the role of administrative management
among such principles; applying the most rational organizational and legal forms of
entrepreneurship in the functioning of a free economic zone (clustering, public-private
partnership, etc.); introduction of digital technologies and nano-technologies in free
economic zones; transparency of the use of funds in free economic zones; expediency and
limitation of tax and customs benefits; implementation of a phased system of its
development based on the application of the free economic zone management programming
methodology; analysis of monitoring the activities of the free economic zone.
Fourth, in order to introduce economic and legal mechanisms for stimulating
certain types of free (private) economic zones, the law should create a special Fund for
free economic zones and its legal regime. The creation of such funds will expand
opportunities for large-scale cluster projects and projects based on digital technologies in
free economic zones. And most importantly, there are conditions for investing in its
territory, rational use of the Fund's funds in the implementation of research and
marketing activities. Taking precautionary measures using funds allocated for the
creation of future free economic zones in areas where geographical impracticability, lack
of production capacity and lack of appropriate infrastructure are an important
prerequisite for the balanced development of regions. In addition, it is advisable to
establish a special incentive regime for national and foreign investors in free economic
zones.
Thus, the improvement of industry legislation, taking into account current trends
in the legal protection of innovative investment activities of types of free economic zones
and operating entities, is the most important guarantee for the further development of
the strategic importance of economic reforms.
References:
1. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "Оn special economic zones" №604
17.02.2020. [Electronic resource] Lex.uz
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2. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On a special legal regime for business
activities" [Electronic resource] https://lex.uz/acts/4177
