THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
13
FORMATION OF CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN STUDENTS AS A
SOCIAL-PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM
Masharipova Nasiba Ruzmatovna
doctoral student National institute pedagogics and character
educationnamed after Kori Niyoziy, (PhD)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14044586
Abstract:
in this article, it is considered that the development of critical
thinking in students is an important pedagogical problem. factors, methods,
directions of development of critical thinking are shown. it is proposed to use
the activity of national heroes as a didactic tool for the development of critical
thinking in students.
Key words:
student, critical thinking, activities of national heroes,
pedagogical factors, communication, cooperation.
Introduction.
Today's educational processes require the use of
pedagogical approaches that incorporate new concepts and models of
organizational learning. The educational process organized based on new
approaches should first of all be directed to the personal-intellectual, moral and
cultural development of students. Based on this, the necessity of enrichment
with pedagogical technologies and mechanisms that serve to form critical
thinking skills in the subjects of the continuous education and training process is
increasing. In Jakhan education, priority is given to educating each individual to
independent, logical and critical thinking. Because the ability to think, especially
critical thinking, is the greatest wealth of a person. The goal of education is the
formation of critical thinking in students, which is considered an intuitive and
individual pedagogical phenomenon.
Scientific analysis of the problem
. In today's strategized, globalized
educational processes, the development of critical thinking competencies in
students in order to form their moral image, worldview, healthy beliefs, their
own point of view and position is manifested as an important pedagogical
necessity. . Studying the activities of the heroes of the Uzbek people and guiding
them to learn from them is one of the important educational tools, so that
students can analyze their own and others' activities and actions based on
critical thinking.
In the heritage of our ancestors, admonitions and appeals to young people
have a special place. For this purpose, they wrote poems, pandnoms, appeals in
the genre of advice. Folk epics express people's dreams about an ideal person
who understands his identity, has his own position, and thinks critically. It
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
14
should be emphasized that epic heroes such as Gorogli, Alpomish, Avazkhan,
Ashiq Gharib and Shokhsanam, Vomik and Uzro, Farhad and Shirin, as well as
Tomaris, Shiroq, Najmiddin Kubro, Jaloliddin Manguberdi, In the example of the
activities of our national heroes such as Temur Malik, Pahlavon Mahmud, Amir
Temur, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, students have special pedagogical
opportunities to form their own points of view, express their views and
attitudes, and develop critical thinking skills. National heroes can be the greatest
value and example school for the young generation.
Our thinking ancestors always held high the honor and value of human
beings and stressed the need to show respect to every person, regardless of
language, religion, nationality, and social status in society. They are those who
believe that punishment for crime and incentive for virtue are inevitable. Calling
to do good deeds, to control one's ego, not to give free rein to anger and rage, not
to spoil the light of humanity with corruption and pleasure, and that the most
beautiful dress for a person is knowledge, manners, morality, who emphasized
the need to be harmonious in relationships. Eastern thinkers believed that
parents and teachers should recognize the child's identity, approach it as a
value, and treat it with respect.
Critical thinking expresses the levels of intellectual development and
activity of a person. The issues of intellectual education and thinking
development have been recognized as actual pedagogical processes in every era.
Scholars and scholars of each era have shown their own views, methods and
directions in this regard. The issues of mental education were studied and
researched by Greek philosophers and Eastern thinkers as a leading scientific
direction.
In many higher and scientific research institutes of the world, a number of
scientific studies and projects aimed at developing critical thinking in subjects of
the educational process are being implemented. The well-known American
scientist William Graham Sumner considered the importance of critical thinking
in personal life and educational activities extremely important and conducted
research on the problems of forming critical thinking in a person. Sumner argues
that critical thinking is essential to a healthy and productive society. According
to the expert, a person should strive to make the right decisions, analyze and
evaluate objectively.
Edward M. Glaser's scientific research states: "Critical thinking is the
rational, unbiased analysis and evaluation of available facts, observations, and
evidence."
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
15
Students' critical thinking process is carried out step by step. That's why
the questions presented to the students in the classes regarding specific
problems, historical events, and real events become more complex than simple.
While students are relatively less active in simple questions, in complex
questions they turn more deeply to psychological processes such as self-
concentration, memory recovery, and use of their creative abilities.
The main factor of protecting young people from various "mass culture"
attacks is to express their reaction to the happenings, to analyze, to develop
critical thinking. To form a conscious attitude towards the life of society in
students and young people, to strengthen the sense of belonging to the
happening events, to be intolerant towards the forces attacking our national
culture, peace of mind, own point of view, and a sense of national pride. having it
is of particular importance.
Critical thinking can be interpreted in pedagogy as a term that defines the
level of intellectual development of a person. Because the process of critical
thinking is manifested as a product of a person's acquired knowledge,
intellectual ability, and culture. Critical thinking includes a number of
psychological and pedagogical processes. Psychological processes such as
perception, intellect, memory, intuition, emotion, intuition form the objective
structure of critical thinking. It should be emphasized that critical thinking is
based on accurate information, knowledge, and experience.
The existence of pedagogical concepts such as culture, spirituality,
morality, worldview, intellectual development are the subjective foundations of
critical thinking. The educational process, organized on the basis of the
principles of development of critical thinking, motivates students towards the
goal and forms social activity in them.
Conclusion.
It is also important to form the competence of expressing one's
opinion, attitude, and views in students who can think critically. Critical thinking
allows students to raise their knowledge to a new level, as well as to synthesize
and generalize their existing knowledge, understanding, and information with
new information. In this, the processes of reflection, imitation, expression of
one's immanence and point of view, communication with the team, and
discussion are activated.
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PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
16
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