THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
70
JUSTICE - 2030: UZBEKISTAN ON THE PATH TO MODERNIZATION
OF THE JUSTICE SYSTEM
Yoqubjonov Ma’rufjon Odiljon o’g’li
Lecturer at the Training Institute for lawyers
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15533608
Abstract
This article analyzes the directions of modernizing the justice system within
the framework of the "Uzbekistan – 2030" strategy of the Republic of
Uzbekistan. In particular, reforms aimed at improving the judicial and legal
system, digitalization, and protection of human rights are examined. The article
reviews the existing legal framework and proposes suggestions for the future
development of the "Justice 2030" strategy.
Keywords
Justice system, judicial reform, digitalization, artificial intelligence, artificial
intelligence in legal services, digital technologies, legal technologies (legal tech),
automation of legal services, digitalization of legal services, use of artificial
intelligence in legal services.
Introduction
The "Uzbekistan - 2030" Strategy, approved by the Decree of the President
of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 11, 2023 No. DP-158, marked the
beginning of a new stage in the country's development. This strategy includes
five priority areas and one hundred important goals, through the
implementation of which deep reforms in the social, economic, and political
spheres of Uzbekistan are expected.
“We have adopted the Development Strategy "Uzbekistan - 2030." This
strategy aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and we
are fully and steadfastly fulfilling all our commitments" [1]
One of the important directions of the strategy is aimed at modernizing the
justice system. In this direction, measures are planned to improve the judicial
and legal system, digitalization, protection of human rights, and the use of
artificial intelligence and big data technologies. In particular, it is planned to
reliably protect the rights and freedoms of citizens through the development of
the administrative justice system, strengthening judicial control, and deepening
judicial reforms.
This article analyzes the directions of modernization of the justice system
within the framework of the "Uzbekistan - 2030" strategy. In particular, the
ongoing reforms to improve the judicial and legal system, digitalization, and
protection of human rights will be considered. The article analyzes the existing
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legislative framework and puts forward proposals for the development of the
future justice system ("Justice 2030").
Directions of modernization of the justice system
The "Uzbekistan - 2030" Strategy, approved by the Decree of the President
of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 11, 2023 No. DP-158, aims to
bring legal reforms in the country to a new level. One of the 4 priority areas of
the Strategy is ensuring the rule of law, organizing public administration at the
service of the people.
Modernization of the justice system in this area includes the following
important tasks:
Goal 85 of the Decree: "Establishing effective judicial control over the
activities of state bodies and officials and further development of the
administrative justice system."
Based on this norm, it is planned to ensure the independence of
administrative courts and improve the mechanisms for considering citizens'
claims against state bodies. This expands the possibilities of real protection of
the rights and freedoms of citizens.
The Strategy defines goal 85: "Increasing the effectiveness of dispute
resolution at the pre-trial stage by 50 percent."
This goal provides for the development of mechanisms for pre-trial dispute
resolution - mediation, arbitration, the ombudsman institution, and other forms
of legal assistance. This is aimed at reducing the overload of the justice system
and offering affordable and prompt legal solutions. Goal 86 of the Decree:
"Increasing the level of access to justice by strengthening the independence of
the judiciary and ensuring transparency in its activities."
Public announcement of court decisions, open court sessions, strengthening
the system of accountability of judges - all this serves to gain the trust of citizens
in the justice system. Goal 86 of the Strategy: "Full implementation of the
principle of judicial self-government in the management of the judicial system
and full formation of a system of bodies of the judicial community."
Guarantees are being created for the legal strengthening of the material
security, independence, and freedom of judges from political and administrative
pressure. Goal 87 of the Strategy: "Directing the activities of law enforcement
agencies to protect the interests, dignity, and rights of the individual."
Based on the "single window" principle, electronic public services (for
example, legal information, application submission, obtaining a permit) are
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being widely implemented. The digitalization of these services creates
convenient, unbureaucratic approaches for the population.
The tasks defined within the framework of the "Uzbekistan - 2030" Strategy
are aimed at bringing the justice system closer to the interests of the people,
effectively protecting human rights, and ensuring justice and the rule of law.
Decree No.DP-158 defines specific criteria and deadlines for these areas, which
is a document of strategic, practical, and legal significance.
Directions of digitalization of the justice system and the introduction
of modern technologies
The "Uzbekistan - 2030" Strategy defines digital transformation as a tool for
fundamental reforms in public administration and the legal sphere. Goal 77 of
the Presidential Decree specifically emphasizes improving the justice system
based on advanced technologies:
"Implementation of the "Service State" system for the population by
expanding the scope of digitalization of public services, elimination of
bureaucratic procedures in relations between the citizen and the state."
Today, the Ministry of Justice has launched electronic services through the
"Unified Portal of Interactive Public Services" (my.gov.uz) to provide legal
assistance to citizens. In addition, citizens are increasing their legal literacy
through the portal "Legal Information," the National Database of Legislation of
Uzbekistan on the Internet (lex.uz).
In order to further develop this area, the following proposals will be put
forward, and by 2030 these services will be:
receiving legal consultations online,
conclusion of electronic contracts,
Automatic document analysis.
expansion with legal monitoring services.
This, in turn, saves time and costs, and increases the legal literacy of
citizens.
If we take digital legal services as an example, for example, the "E-
huquqshunos" system increased efficiency by automating the processes of
preparing, analyzing legal documents, and providing legal advice. Legislative
violations were prevented. These systems serve to ensure the promptness and
accuracy of legal services.
However, these systems cannot completely replace the human factor. For
example, in such tasks as contextual analysis of documents, the solution of
complex legal issues, the experience of human legal specialists is necessary.
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Additionally, technical malfunctions or inaccurate data can lead to system
errors.
Possibilities of using artificial intelligence
The introduction of AI (artificial intelligence) technologies can serve to
automate legal services. For example,
automatic analysis of contracts,
systems for analyzing judicial practice,
AI monitoring of the activities of judges and lawyers,
forecasting of legal risks.
"Despite the obvious possibilities, artificial intelligence does not solve
systemic problems in the government and, if not implemented thoughtfully and
strategically, can exacerbate problems related to service provision, privacy, and
ethics. Agencies interested in implementing artificial intelligence can learn from
the government's previous transformation efforts, as well as from the
implementation of artificial intelligence in the private sector. Government
agencies should consider the following six strategies for the application of
artificial intelligence in their work: • make artificial intelligence part of a goal-
oriented, citizen-oriented program”[2]
Artificial intelligence (AI) is used in judicial practice as an auxiliary tool, for
example, in tasks such as automatic document analysis, forecasting court
decisions. For example, in Canada, the Toronto-based startup Blue J Legal
launched a new artificial intelligence software that helps predict how courts will
resolve labor law issues. [3] However, AI does not take into account human
emotions, moral norms, and contextual details when making decisions.
Therefore, AI should be only an auxiliary tool in making court decisions, and the
main decision should be made by a human judge.
Conclusion
Normative legal acts on the introduction of modern technologies into
legislation serve as a legal basis for the modernization of the justice system,
strengthening the protection of human rights and ensuring equal access of
citizens to legal services. In particular, the "Uzbekistan - 2030" Strategy is the
main concept uniting all reforms in this area.
Proposals for the Development of the Future Justice System ("Justice 2030")
according to the "Uzbekistan - 2030" Strategy, approved by Decree of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. DP-158
Expansion of the range and improvement of the quality of legal services;
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Current reforms in the digitalization of the justice system contribute to
increasing the openness, speed, and transparency of public services. Platforms
like Lex.ai prove this in practice.
Although the introduction of artificial intelligence provides automation in
legal matters, it is strictly foreseen that it will not lead to the loss of the human
factor.
Firstly, standardization of legal technologies:
It is necessary to develop national technical standards and a code of ethics
for artificial intelligence, chatbots, and digital systems used in the justice system.
Secondly, labor guarantees and AI balance:
To legally mandate retraining programs so that the number of employees
does not decrease as a result of the introduction of artificial intelligence.
Thirdly, creation of a solid legal framework in the field of Big Data:
Creation of a consistent procedure and monitoring system for the
processing, export-import, and use of personal data.
Fourthly, implementation of mobile platforms of legal services on a
gratuitous basis:
Fifthly, legal chatbots (e.g., Lex.ai) should be provided free of charge or in a
subsidized form, especially for vulnerable groups.
Sixthly, leaving court decisions with the participation of artificial
intelligence under human control:
AI decisions should be only advisory in nature, and the main word should
be spoken by a person - a judge.
"Justice - 2030" is not only a project for the digitalization of the legal
system, but also a systemic movement aimed at strengthening citizens' trust in
justice and transforming the judicial system into an institution serving the
interests of the people. The main task on this path is to harmonize technology
with the principles of human rights and justice.
List of References:
1.
Speech by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev
at the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly on September 19,
2023
2.
Hila Mehr, Artificial Intelligence for Citizen Services and Government.
(2017, )A publication of the Ash Center for Democratic Governance and
Innovation Harvard Kennedy School 79 John F. Kennedy Street Cambridge,
www.ash.harvard.edu.
3.
https://www.canadianlawyermag.com/news/general/blue-j-legal-
launches-ai-tool-for-employment-law-issues/274699
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4.
“O‘zbekiston — 2030” strategiyasi to‘g‘risida” gi Prezident Farmoni
(https://lex.uz/ru/docs/-6600413 )
5.
Sun’iy intellekt texnologiyalarini 2030-yilga qadar rivojlantirish
strategiyasini tasdiqlash to‘g‘risida (https://www.lex.uz/docs/-7158604 )
