Vol. 3 No. 01 (2021)

To evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated use of TI-RADS and TBSRTC systems and their significance in the formation of therapeutic tactics in patients with nodular thyroid pathology.

The problem of treatment of pyoinflammatory diseases (PID) of the face and neck is relevant for both dentists of polyclinics and maxillofacial surgeons in hospitals. About 50% of those in maxillofacial hospitals, and about 20% of those who seek help from a dentist and a surgeon of polyclinics, are patients with inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region (MFO), among them - 60-80% of patients with abscesses and phlegmons, the frequency of which has increased by 1.5–2.0 times over the past decade. There has been a steady growth of atypical and severely flowing progressive phlegmon, spreading simultaneously in several cellular spaces, with the development of such formidable complications as sepsis, contact mediastinitis, and thrombosis of the cavernous sinus of the dura mater. Low-symptom “erased” forms of phlegmon are found among 13.4–22% of patients, are characterized by a long course and are difficult to diagnose, which contributes to late hospitalization and untimely treatment started. Microbial etiology of HVZ CLO is due to the localization of the primary process (connection with the oral cavity, teeth).

The enormous damage to human health from cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses significant challenges to both clinicians and public health workers.

In most cases, CVDs develop latently; their clinical signs appear at a late stage. Often, patients are unaware of the presence of the disease and die suddenly; it is extremely rare for a doctor to have the opportunity to examine a patient before his cardiovascular system is seriously affected. It follows from this that therapeutic measures alone cannot solve the problem of death from CVD. There is a need to make significant changes in research methods, despite the fact that they are based on clinical methods

A content analysis of the pharmaceutical market range of drugs with sedative effect was conducted. In the analysis of drugs with sedative effect, "West trade", "Floromed", "Grand farm", "Tabletka", "Dava", "Shafran farm", "Glucose", "Tetra", "Kobiljon Obidjon", "Pharmacy diabetes", "Navbahor", "777 pharmacy", "999 pharmacy", "pharmacy Malikabonu" pharmacies, the Department of neurology of the II clinic of the Tashkent Medical Academy, the State Department of medicines and medical products the basis of the register was. Determination of the share of products of manufacturing enterprises in the pharmaceutical market was the main objective of the study carried out.

The study examined the situation of patients and nurses in Uzbekistan during the COVID-19 pandemic, the nurse and the work process, the proper use of personal protective equipment and the misuse of personal protective equipment. The impact of the nurses’ work process on their personal lives was also partially covered. COVID-19 It also describes the knowledge and skills that nurses have during the pandemic. He sought to understand how disruptions in patient-nurse relationships, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, affected the mental and emotional well-being of nurses, its negative consequences, and the underlying problems that followed. Psychological instability in nurses during the early stages of the pandemic and changes in attitudes toward patients with COVID - 19 were also reported the difficulties of the work of nurses in clinics specializing in the treatment of a number of COVID-19 diseases, biological and technical problems in the conduct of work, lack of resources were also listed. In the second place, there is a shortage of nursing staff and the fear of infecting family members with the virus in the fight against the pandemic, and the causes of deaths as a result.

Purpose of the study: сomparative study of the effect of ARNI (combination of valsartan and sacubitrile) on the structural and functional state of the kidneys in patients with IHD after revascularization.

Material and research methods. The study included 320 patients with coronary artery disease. 37 patients underwent surgical revascularization (CABG), 283 patients underwent endovascular revascularization. On average, the concentration of creatinine was 90.08 ± 1.72 µmol /l.  All patients were divided into 2 groups: patients who received the drug valsartan (group B, 160 people), patients who received a combination of valsartan and sacubitril a (ARNI - a combination of a molecule of valsartan and an inhibitor of neprilysin sacubitril in a molar ratio of 1: 1) (group C, 160 people). Also, all patients were divided into 2 subgroups depending on the degree of eGFR decrease by the 3rd month of observation: patients with a decrease in eGFR by the 3rd month of observation more than 20% (group 1 - 59 patients) and less than 20% (group 2 - 261 sick). In dynamics, three months later, at the end of the first and second years of follow-up after revascularization, the patients underwent determination of the blood creatinine concentration, with the calculation of GFR and ultrasound examination (US) of the kidneys with dopplerography of the segmental arteries.

Research results. The study showed that during 2 years of follow-up after coronary revascularization, there was a decrease in eGFR in both groups of patients, regardless of the therapy. Comparative analysis of the dynamics of eGFR between patients with different treatment regimens, depending on the severity of the decrease in eGFR, showed that the dynamics of the progression of CKD was significantly greater in patients with decreased eGFR by the 3rd month of therapy by 20% or more compared with patients who received sacubitril in the therapy regimen.The difference becomes significant only by the 1st year of observation and persists by the 2nd year of observation. Resistivity index of renal segmental arteries by the end of observation in-group C was significantly (p <0.05) lower than in-group B.

Conclusion. The inclusion of ARNI (a combination of valsartan and sacubitril) in the IHD treatment regimen contributes to a significant decrease in the rate of progression of CKD in patients prone to rapid progression of type II cardiorenal syndrome. Against the background of ARNI application, there was a tendency to slow down the progression of pathological renal glomerular vascular remodeling.

This report presents an analysis of the results of reconstructive and reconstructive surgery in 106 patients previously operated on for colorectal diseases from 2015 to 2020 at the Department of FUV Surgery of the Andijan State Medical Institute. During the study it was found that 12 (27.9%) patients in the control group developed various postoperative complications. The problem of isolation and preparation of the rectal stump also remains an important problem.

According to modern scientific literature, among all ovarian tumors, the borderline type occurs from 5 to 15%. This study analyzed the clinical and morphological features and histological variants of borderline types of ovarian tumors. The results of the study showed that among the borderline type of ovarian tumors, serous (46.8%) and mucinous types (42.7%) are more common, while other types, such as endometrioid, mesonephroid, Brenner, and mixed variants make up a low percentage. It was found that serous cystic tumors, in most cases bilateral, common cyst, cystadenoma, papillary adenoma histologically consists of two epithelia, that is, from the mesothelium and secretory cells, it is confirmed that with malignancy, elongated and basaloid cells are metaplastic. It was observed that mucinous borderline tumors were mainly found on one side, disabled adenofibroma, cystoadenomas were filled with mucous contents, monolayer epithelium was metoplasized with stratified epithelium. Among the rare borderline tumors, the endometrioid type, Brenner, mesonephriodal and mixed type were identified.

Both nephrologists [Vasilyeva M.P. et al., 2015; Mukhin N.A. et al., 2015], and cardiologists [Кuo-ChengLue.a.,2014 ] recognized the fact that most of the currently known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipoproteinemia, microalbuminuria, etc.) are also risk factors for chronic kidney disease (ChKD). An inverse relationship, i.e. the influence of renal pathology on the frequency of cardiovascular disease detection has been established [Galushkin A.A. et al., 2013]. This fact is especially relevant in disorders of uric acid (UA) metabolism, as the recent literature data indicate a significant role of UA in the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, these issues are intensively studied in therapeutic practice, but they are certainly relevant for pediatric practice [M.S.Ignatova, 2011; VyalkovaA.A.,2012].

In many countries and in our country reactive arthritis (RA) is a topical rheumatologic problem requiring early and individual therapy. Recently in the diagnostics of RA there is an active search of early biomarkers (BM) of articulate structures damage, which provide revealing of the symptoms of lesion of articulate soft tissues elements at the early stages of the disease. It can also help to assess the stage of lesion and prognosis of the disease. Later it will assist to prescribe adequate therapy according to the stage of the pathological process and perform monitoring of the therapy [1].

In this article, the authors give an idea of the importance of analyzing large amounts of data on the development of information systems in health care, and the importance of statistical data collected by them in the system of the Ministry of Health, as well as the accurate, reliable filling and storage of documents by medical personnel in any health department.

Adenoviral conjunctivitis is an inflammatory disease of the conjunctiva that spreads at the epidemic level, the main reason for which is explained by the fact that it is rapidly spread by airborne and domestic routes and has a high degree of contagiousness. In clinical practice, viral eye pathologies develop the background of upper and lower respiratory (especially rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis) and antibiotics are often used to treat bacterial complications in this category of patients. As a result, the balance of the immunomicrobiological environment in the intestines of some patients is disturbed [1,2,7] In this contingent of patients, eye pathologies of viral etiology persist for a long time. In modern practice, an integrated approach is used to increase the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of adenoviral conjunctivitis. In addition, complex treatment of adenoviral conjunctivitis is required that the adequate use of antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs, as well as the inclusion new group of drugs in the treatment algorithm for increasing effectiveness and  eliminate symptoms of this disease [3,5]. Probiotics stimulate the body's specific (antibody and immune system) and non-specific (skin, mucous membranes and tears) immunity by restoring the normal intestinal microflora balance, resulting in activation of cellular and humoral immune processes. The use of modern probiotics during treatment period decreased the production of cytokines in the patient's body in the same time increased of endogenous interferon’s concentration in the blood [1,3,4,6]. Even during an epidemic of adinoviral conjunctivitis, the inclusion of multi-component probiotics such as Bifolak Zincum + C + D3 in the complex treatment plan is effective and safe.

96 adolescents with functional cardiopathy were inspected. All children underwent clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examination. In all patients, the initial autonomic tone was assessed using a questionnaire, and autonomic reactivity was assessed using cardiac rhythmography. It was found that dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is involved in the pathogenesis of functional cardiopathy, which determines the clinical symptoms in these patients, and autonomic disorders in the group of female adolescents are more significant than in male adolescents. Cardiorhythmography quite accurately reveals the imbalance of the body's adaptive resources for physical and mental stress, in this regard, it can be used to determine risk groups for the formation of cardiovascular pathology.

The aim of the work is to systematize the data of special literature for the clearest definition of the directions of studying the modern approach to the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of pyoinflammatory processes in the maxillofacial region and neck. As a result of the analysis of the data of special literature, it becomes obvious that in recent decades the idea of the etiology and pathogenesis of pyoinflammatory processes in the maxillofacial region and neck has changed, which determines the need for further search for new informative methods of diagnosis, prognosis, as well as the most effective methods of treatment and prevention of complications for this pathology.

The high growth of injuries, the absence in the country of a unified approach to the treatment of victims with pathology of the bones of the face and skull leads to a sharp increase in the number of patients with post-traumatic deformities, defects, often to their disability and death. This problem has recently acquired the greatest importance in connection with the increase in the number of victims in areas of natural disasters and road traffic accidents. Severe multiple fractures of the bones of the middle zone of the facial skeleton, accompanied by craniocerebral trauma of varying degrees, bleeding and liquorrhea, are often outwardly unnoticeable, since they are hidden by pronounced edema, hemorrhages in soft tissues, and can only be determined with a targeted specialized examination. These types of examinations and the provision of specialized medical care are possible only in multidisciplinary centers. Therefore, these types of injuries are not always diagnosed in a timely manner, especially in severely injured with the presence of pronounced injuries of other localizations.

The impact of economic activity, as well as scientific and technological progress on the environment is characterized by production of large amount of pollutants, waste and other factors that lead to changes in natural landscapes, pollution of the atmosphere and natural water resources. Continuous increase and expansion in industrial production of chemicals inevitably entail rise of their environmental load. Exceeding thresholds ecosystems’ reliability under the influence of extreme anthropogenic factors can cause significant changes in conditions of existence and functioning of biogeocenoses.

For the first time on a large clinical material, the results of the study of clinical and morphological features and prognostic factors of clear cell ovarian cancer and mixed malignant neoplasms of the ovaries with a mandatory clear cell component are presented.

Based on a comparative analysis of pure and mixed forms of clear cell neoplasms of the ovaries, their morphological signs and features of the clinical course of the disease were established.

The factors of prognosis of malignant clear-cell neoplasms of the ovaries were revealed: the stage of the disease, the volume of surgery, the degree of tumor differentiation and the degree of cellular anaplasia.

The effect of sulfated polysaccharides on the hemostatic system in conditions in vitro. Platelet-rich plasma was obtained by centrifugation at 200 g for 10 minutes. The remaining citrate blood was further centrifuged at 1500 g for 10 min to obtain platelet-poor plasma. The antithrombin activity of the compounds was evaluated in vitro by their effect on the recalcification time, thrombin, and prothrombin time of human blood plasma stabilized with a 3.8% sodium citrate solution in the ratio of 9:1. In studies conducted on the blood plasma of rats, it was found that the studied compounds, to varying degrees, lengthen the APTT, APTT, prothrombin time. At the same time, anticoagulant activity was established to block one of the factors II, V, X. Polysaccharide exhibit a combined anticoagulant effect in the body, due to which they are classified as anticoagulant and antithrombin agents.

Treatment of bronchoobstructive syndrome in children and integrated use of drugs, that is, each drug should be pathogenetically justified, taking into account the individual characteristics of the child, and based on knowledge of the mechanism of their action and pharmacokinetics. It is necessary to have a complex effect on individual links of the pathogenesis of bronchoobstructive syndrome in many cases makes the use of complex drugs with combined mechanism of action justified. Thus, treatment of bronchoobstructive syndrome in children before a pediatrician is a responsible task, which consists in rational selection of medicines.

The problem of various components of MS is at the center of attention of modern medical science and healthcare.

Kazno Toushita reports (2018) that in Japan, almost half of Japanese men and a quarter of Japanese women are either visceral obesity or overweight, and that the number of such patients increases with age. There fore, a special prevention program was launched in 2008, and now medical insurance companies must provide annual check-ups for all people between the ages of 40 and 75.

As people age, the risk for developing chronic health conditions becomes more common. A consequence of managing multiple chronic health conditions is the daily use of several different medications. Although no concrete definition of the term exists, polypharmacy has come to mean the use of several (usually five or more) medications on a daily basis, with the possibility that these may not all be clinically necessary. The consequences of polypharmacy can be dangerous and can include adverse drug reactions and unintentional overdose.

Smoking is the main worldwide reason for preventable passings. Studies have demonstrated that smoking commencement during youth improves the probability of kept smoking during adulthood and diminishes the opportunity of stopping. Numerous past explores have been directed in various districts of Saudi Arabia to recognize the pervasiveness of smoking among guys; barely any examinations remembered females for various territory however no investigations have been led among female at northern line of KSA. This examination meant to deciding the commonness of smoking and distinguish hazard factors among secondary school female understudies in Arar, KSA 2018.

Improving the effectiveness of treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a priority task of modern otorhinolaryngology, not only domestic, but also foreign. This interest in the problem is due to the widespread prevalence of this pathology. In different countries, the criteria for accounting for the incidence, algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of rhinosinusitis differ significantly, and for CRS these differences are more pronounced than for acute. A retrospective analysis of the structure and prevalence of ENT diseases according to inpatient observations for 5 years showed that chronic diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses (SNP) occupied a priority place among hospitalized patients (45.8 ± 0.9% and 55.5 ± 1,0%). In the structure of the main diseases of SNP, the largest share in the adult population is occupied by inflammation of the maxillary sinus (HPP), in which there is an annual increase in the incidence of 1-1.5%, the second most frequent is inflammation of the ethmoid labyrinth cells, then the frontal and sphenoid sinuses.

The aim of the given work was study interactions of impairments sympa-thetic – adrenal systems functional condition and processes of peroxidal oxida-tion of lipids in woman with metabolic syndrome. 107women at the age of 25-49 were observation. They were randomized into 3 groups: I (control) – 15 healthy persons, II – 43 patients with arterial hypertension, III – 49 women with arterial hypertension in combination with metabolic syndrome. The results of carried investigations showed that activation of sympathetic adrenal system and processes of peroxidal oxidation of lipids took place in metabolic syn-drome. Marked lowering of sympathetic – adrenal system key ferment catechol-amins  (MAO monoaminooxidaze) desamidization activity and considerable ac-tivation of peroxidal oxidation of lipid products which have great significance in revealing the mechanism of metabolic syndrome development were observed in metabolic syndrome. This results in the prolonged toxic influence of catechola-mins on myocardium.

Fractures are one of the most common components in multiple and associated injuries. Fractures of the lower jaw are observed in 76%, of the upper jaw in 24%, a fracture of the zygomatic-orbital complex in 12%. The actual problem of modern traumatology is the violation of reparative osteogenesis with injuries combined with facial trauma. The duration of the consolidation of fractures is determined by the degree of microcirculation disorders in the fracture zone, changes in cellular and coagulation hemostasis and mineral metabolism. In this connection, increasing the effectiveness of treatment of fractures of the bones of the face on the basis of early diagnosis of vascular and hemostasiological changes is of great importance for practical health care.

In this study we report on our experience in treating two patients diagnosed with a rare disease of emphysematous pyelonephritis, who were admitted to the Urology department of Fergana Medical Institute during 2018. We provide details on each test conducted on patients, pre- and post-surgery. Our analysis shows that to prevent complications in patients with diabetes mellitus, dispensary observation with control of glucose levels, urine and blood tests is necessary.

This article is devoted to the transition of "Fluid flow and biophysical properties" in a modular system. The importance of viscosity coefficient in medicine, its application in diagnosis and forensic medical examination is described. However, the Stokes method of finding the viscosity coefficient, the availability of viscometric methods, the application of Gess (VK-4) viscometer in medicine to find the viscosity coefficient are described.

In modern society, diseases of the oral cavity are of humanitarian, socio - economic significance. Today, tooth decay and periodontal disease remain the most common dental disease not only among adults, but also among younger populations around the world. According to recent epidemiological studies conducted on healthy children, the incidence of dental pathology is high, with the prevalence of caries among healthy age groups 12-15 years old is 63.3-83 years, 4% and 81.7-88.7%, intensity 3.02 -3.75 and 4.6-5.73, and the prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases in the group of healthy 12-year-old children ranged from 37.8% to 50%, in the 15-year-old group of children it ranged from 57.7% to 84, 7%. The prevalence of caries is also high in children with mental retardation of preschool and school age, while the intensity of caries is higher in children aged 13–18 years with mild mental retardation (MAD). These indicators increase with age and depend on the severity of the underlying disease.

We carried out a program for the prevention of dental diseases in children with disabilities, however, most of them were focused on children with mild and moderate mental retardation, where not only the degree of mental retardation was taken into account, but also teaching them oral care skills, the degree of socialization and the child's diet.

Preeclampsia and eclampsia have always been life-threatening for both mother and fetus. Predisposing factors are hypertension in pregnant women, kidney disease, as well as multiple pregnancies, a  history of eclampsia and a family history, age or old age. The cause of convulsions is varying degrees of brain, tumor severity due to increased intracranial pressure or localized vascular spasms leading to cerebral hypoxia of ischemic anoxic genesis.

The object of the study was 102 patients with zoonotic leishmaniasis aged 2 to 65 years. The diagnosis of zoonotic leishmaniasis was established by clinical and epidemiological data and confirmed by the results of parasitological studies.

We studied the duration of the clinical periods of zoonotic leishmaniasis against the background of complex therapy with methylene blue using the ALT Vostok apparatus in the control group of 51 patients and complex therapy with methylene blue using the ALT Vostok apparatus and the immunomodulator Gepon in the main group of 51 patients. The results of the study showed that in patients of the main group, on the background of treatment with the ALT Vostok apparatus using the immunomodulator Gepon, the duration of the main periods was significantly reduced than in the control group, who were treated only with methylene blue using the ALT Vostok model-03 apparatus.

Cancer of the digestive system is the most common cause of death among malignant neoplasms (Table 1).  According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) for 2008, the incidence of cancer of the digestive system was 49.2 people per 100 thousand people per year, the mortality rate was 34.3 people per 100 thousand.  At a relatively low incidence rate, esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cause of death from malignant tumors, giving way to lung, breast, stomach, liver, prostate, and colon cancers.  This is due to the extremely malignant nature of the course, early metastasis, and late diagnosis of esophageal cancer.  The aggressiveness index, calculated as the ratio of deaths to new cases, is extremely high in esophageal cancer and is about 95%.

The absolute number of deaths from esophageal cancer in 2008 in the world was 406 thousand people.  In developing countries, morbidity and mortality from esophageal cancer are significantly higher than in developed countries (Table 2).  The most common two histological types of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma.  Despite the similarity of the clinical picture, diagnostic and therapeutic tactics, an extremely unfavorable prognosis for both forms of esophageal cancer, these malignant neoplasms have different risk factors, socio-geographic and ethnic characteristics, knowledge of which is necessary for the timely establishment of the diagnosis and preventive measures.  Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (Fig. 1) is an extremely aggressive epithelial malignant tumor of stratified squamous epithelium, in most cases localized between the middle and lower third of the esophagus, the tumor is rare in the cervical esophagus.

Taking into account the fact that these products are daily foods, in most cases it is not possible to establish a clear connection of exacerbations with their intake (according to the anamnesis). That is why in each case food allergy was confirmed by elimination and provocation tests. 65% of the examined children were found to have food allergy, and depending on the clinical manifestations the allergy was registered with different frequency. The results of studies by many authors suggest that children with atopic dermatitis have a hereditary burden with respect to allergic diseases.