The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 11-2021
89
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
November 30, 2021 |
Pages:
89-95
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue11-13
I
MPACT
F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
952
‘
ABSTRACT
In this article, the legal disciplines aimed at increasing the legal awareness and culture of students in
secondary educational institutions of our country are systematically analyzed from the scientific-
theoretical and practical aspects, and the author's opinion on them is expressed. Also, an analysis of
foreign experience to improve the legal consciousness and culture of minors has been made.
KEYWORDS
Legal Consciousness, Legal Culture, Legal Education, Law Violation, Legal Literacy.
INTRODUCTION
There is no period in history that the term
‘education’ or the question ‘When to start the
education?’ has lost its relevance. One person
asked from Ibn Sina, “At what age should I
start child education?” Ibn Sina asked: “How
old is your kid?” Hearing that the response for
this question was “one and half months old”,
he said: “You are late for one and half months”.
This demonstrates that the family is
the first
stage of upbringing/education.
It is clear that legal education was mirrored in
our forefathers' educational lessons, such as
not wasting water, not throwing waste in the
water, not damaging trees, and not burning
fallen leaves. Indeed, from today's perspective,
such simple indications of appropriate family
upbringing are represented in environmental
legislative
requirements.
In
particular,
improper rubbish disposal (we should place it
in a properly designated area), excessive water
waste, and the burning of collected leaves - all
Legal Education: When And Where To Start?
Zafar Аmirov
PhD, Teacher Of The Supreme School Of Judges Under The Supreme Judicial Council Of The
Republic Of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theamericanjou
rnals.com/index.php/ta
jpslc
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 11-2021
90
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
November 30, 2021 |
Pages:
89-95
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue11-13
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F
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2021:
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this leads to liability in the manner prescribed
by law. Such indications of family upbringing
are, without a doubt, the earliest step of legal
upbringing. In this respect, “.....we must
educate our children the difference between
the concepts of ‘good’ and ‘bad’, or ‘allowed’
and ‘not allowed’, and we must always be a
personal example to them, starting from
childhood”[1]. Indeed, upbringing (legal
upbringing) starts with straightforward family
instruction.
Time is rapidly changing. Parents, as well as
young people, are forgetting our forefathers’
beliefs and techniques. Even the most basic
elements of family upbringing are being
forgotten nowadays. Our modern parents
disregard child rearing, prioritizing material
concerns over family and child care.
“Respect for the law is established on the basis
of legal consciousness and legal culture of our
people. That is, while some people obey the
law out of fear of punishment, others respect
the law according to their upbringing as
children. Therefore,
we must first establish
legal knowledge
among the populace,
particularly among young people”[2] stated
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Sh.M.Mirziyoyev in his speech at the solemn
ceremony
commemorating
the
26th
anniversary of the adoption of the Constitution
of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Today, if we look at the degree of legal
education in general secondary schools across
the country based on state educational
standards, we can observe that the topic
“Fundamentals of State and Law” is taught for
one hour per week[3] to students in grades 8
and 9.
Teaching legal science from the eighth and
ninth grades, in our opinion, will result in a little
delay in legal education. The following
question was given: “From what class do you
think it is reasonable to introduce particular
legal courses in general secondary education
from?” 76 % (158 people) of respondents
thought it was a good idea to begin teaching
from the fifth grade, and 15 % (30 people) from
primary school. In addition, 91 % of respondents
(188 people) said “no is not enough” to the
question “Do you think the number of hours
allocated for legal courses in general
secondary education institutions nowadays is
sufficient?”[4].
Furthermore, students in grades 5 through 9
must acquire 18 different categories of
knowledge
, abilities, and competencies in the
fundamentals of state and law. However,
among these skills, there are no rules on the
harm of alcohol consumption and drug use,
bullying among students, smoking, as well as
issues related to juvenile delinquency and its
consequences.
The preceding analysis reveals that
general
secondary education is the second stage of
education
.
The national legislation of the Republic of
Uzbekistan explicitly outlines criminal and
administrative liability for offenses committed
by juveniles.
In particular
, According to Article 17 (Liability
of Individuals) of the Criminal Code of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, sane individuals aged
sixteen years or above at the moment of
commission of a crime, shall be subject to
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 11-2021
91
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
November 30, 2021 |
Pages:
89-95
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue11-13
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2021:
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liability for the offenses provided for in more
than 70 articles of the Criminal Code.
Pursuant to the Article 14 of the Code of
Administrative Responsibility of the Republic
of Uzbekistan (Liability of minors for
administrative offenses)[5], persons between
the ages of 16 and 18 who have committed an
administrative violation are subject to the
measures set forth in the Regulations on
Interdepartmental Commissions on Juvenile
Affairs.
These persons will be held administratively
accountable on general grounds if they commit
administrative offenses covered by more than
30 provisions of this Code.
Several examples of similar liability established
by our national legislation for actions
committed by juveniles might be cited.
As the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Sh.M.Mirziyoyev remarked “law classes are
held in schools, but their content is superficial,
and it is no secret that the educational value of
law is secondary in schools”[6]. Furthermore,
it should be emphasized that Presidential
Decree “On approval of the National Strategy
of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Human
Rights” (Decree No. DP-6012, 22.06.2020) sets
for tasks for the introduction of training
courses “Human Rights”, “Women’s Rights”,
“Children’s Rights” in preschool and secondary
schools, academic lyceums and colleges, as
well as
training centers for retraining and
advanced training of judges and law
enforcement officers
.
The school principals and law teachers were
given the question “What topics do you think
should be covered more in today's legal
education curriculum in general secondary
education?”
Accordingly,
78%
of
the
respondents (162 people) answered “topics
related to legal issues in the daily life needs of
minors”.
The duty of “creation and free distribution of
legal manuals on key issues of everyday life,
aimed at improving legal literacy in the family,
aimed at educating every basic legal
information” is also defined by the Concept of
raising the legal culture in society, approved by
Annex 1 to the Decree of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan (January 9, 2019) “On
radical improvement of the system of raising
legal awareness and legal culture in society”
(No. DP-5618).
In this regard, it is sufficient to recall French
pedagogue М.Аudigier’s opinion “One of the
most important goals of civic education is to
teach people how to overcome problems that
develop between them and how to build a solid
relationship”[7]. Indeed, we must improve
young people's understanding of legal issues
(in connection to their everyday requirements)
in order to teach them how to effectively deal
with problematic situations that emerge
between people and maintain a stable
relationship.
Foreign experience:
U.S. Experience:
In Virginia, a particular
training course for working with youngsters
and adolescents has been established. The
following themes are covered in this course for
4th graders: law and crime, public safety, theft,
vandalism, and personal safety[8].
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 11-2021
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The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
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2693-0803)
Published:
November 30, 2021 |
Pages:
89-95
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue11-13
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This course is led by properly trained and
uniformed police officers (considered as a sign
of psychological influence). It's no coincidence
that children are given the age of ten. At this
age, children experience a period of extreme
influence on their personality development
and need for independence. The teaching
materials are created with the age features of
the children in mind. In the educational
process, game elements and short films are
frequently used. The program's creators think
that children must be educated from an early
age in order to understand social realities,
develop a positive attitude toward the police,
and learn to be cautious in risky situations. It is
believed that children who complete the
course will be less likely to become criminals or
victims of crime in the future[9].
The goal of a program designed by
Florida
state
law enforcement bodies for pupils in
grades 7-8 was to provide youngsters an
understanding of the existing system of values
in society, the basis of criminal law, citizen
obligations, and what awaits the offender.
With the help of simple question-and-answer
Program students can obtain knowledge on
laws
regarding
looting,
hooliganism,
trespassing,
vandalism,
resisting
arrest,
unlawful possession of a weapon, theft,
negligence, vehicle hijacking, beating, arson,
alcohol poisoning, drug addiction, and
premeditated murder and so on.
According to the program's developers, it is
critical to instill in youngsters the ability to
accurately evaluate social reality and to
develop a positive attitude toward the police
from an early age. Children who complete the
training have a lower risk of becoming
criminals or victims of criminal activities[10].
Channel One (TV channel) was established in
1989 in the United States and was designed for
elementary, secondary, and high school
students. Children that watch this channel are
more likely to remember / learn from
commercials than from hearing the news,
according to the American Academy of
Pediatrics[11].
Furthermore, it is common practice at schools
to organize special events similar to Law Day,
as well as to take students to courtrooms and
to ensure their participation in court
procedures[12].
Legal education is regarded a priority of public
policy in most Western European countries,
particularly in France, Italy, and the United
Kingdom.
Experience of France:
Educating ethics and law in French schools (in
1879) began with an explanation of the
meaning of such concepts as ‘citizen’,
‘country’, ‘law’, ‘society’, ‘justice’ etc. Children
between the ages of 9 and 11 had a basic
comprehension of state building, military
service, taxation, and other topics. Later on,
they had a far more in-depth understanding of
the state and the legislation[13].
Experience of the Russian Federation:
If we look at the topic of legal education in the
Russian Federation in general secondary
school system, we can see the creation of
particular legal disciplines for students in
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 11-2021
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The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
November 30, 2021 |
Pages:
89-95
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue11-13
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grades 5 to 9. These legal education classes
primarily address issues including drug and
alcohol abuse, smoking, and crime prevention,
as well as engaging practical exercises
(questionnaires, situations and role-playing
games) based on the author's pedagogical
experience. In addition, the creation of a
special guide titled "Legal Education"
(development of organizational activity
games) for students in grades 9-11 of general
secondary education serves as further
evidence
of
the
Russian
Federation's
significant commitment to the topic of legal
education.
This guide differs from the handbook for
grades 5-9 in that it focuses on legal education
organizational-activity games that can be
utilized in the classroom or outside of school
hours. Students can appropriately analyze
circumstances in diverse scenarios, show the
problem, and suggest a solution to it since
education is organized in groups.
According to comparative and legal analysis, as
well as the experience of other countries in the
field of legal education and upbringing, every
teenager has the right to understand and
comprehend the essence of the law, to apply it
in their work, and to protect their rights in the
future, and the development of legal activism
skills is identified as a priority.
In this respect, in order to further increase the
legal consciousness and legal culture of
minors, the author proposes to take the
following measures:
1.
As noted by the President of the Republic
of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoyev in his
speech
at
the
solemn
ceremony
commemorating to the 26th anniversary of
the adoption of the Constitution of our
country, “to review of educational
standards and teaching methods for public
education on the basis of advanced
foreign
experience
in terms of realizing individual
abilities of students”;[14]
2.
To introduce topics in general secondary
education aimed at covering the concept
of juvenile delinquency (taking into
account age limits and age issues), its
types, consequences and issues of liability;
3.
To introduce the practice of teaching law
subjects from the 5th grade in general
secondary education institutions;
4.
To increase the quantity of allocated hours
for law subjects in general secondary
education today;
5.
To organize (based on foreign experience)
Law Days, to take students to courtrooms,
to ensure their participation in court
proceedings for the students of general
secondary
and
secondary
special
vocational education institutions. In
addition, concepts such as military service
and tax liability should be taught from
primary school.
A man came to a sage and asked, “At what age
should I start educating my child?” The sage
asked, “How old is your child?” “He is two years
old”, replied the man. Then the sage said, “You
are two years late in educating/upbringing”.
It is well-known belief that, the knowledge
gained as a child islike a pattern carved in
stone.
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1.
Mirziyoyev Sh.M. An educated generation
-
guarantee
of
a
great
future,
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 11-2021
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Pages:
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entrepreneurial nation - guarantee of a
prosperous life, and friendly cooperation -
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Vandalism is a specific mental state of a
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objects
of
social
significance.
http://psihomed.com/
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Bakaev A.A. The system for the prevention
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NBC News to Provide Content for Channel
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http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/09/busi
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Ericdigests.org/ Law-Related Education in
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Mirziyoyev Sh.M. Educated generation -
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guarantee of development. Speech at the
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 11-2021
95
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
November 30, 2021 |
Pages:
89-95
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue11-13
I
MPACT
F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
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solemn ceremony dedicated to the 26th
anniversary of the adoption of the
Constitution
of
the
Republic
of
Uzbekistan. December 7, 2018 // Website
of the National News Agency of
Uzbekistan - http://uza.uz.
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Arabian folk proverb
