Religion

This article discuses the results of observation monitoring to determine the current condition of the architectural monument of the Juma Mosque, located in the museum reserve "Ichan Qala" in Khiva, which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

XXI асрда дунёнинг турли ҳудудларида “ислом омили’нинг давлатлар ички ва ташқи сиёсатидаги таъсир доираси ортиб бораётганлиги очиқ намоён бўлди. Бу таъсир “совуқ уруш”нинг якунланиши, икки қутбли тизимнинг йўқ бўлиши, жаҳонда бир қутбли ривожланиш жараёнининг бошланиши, турли давлатлар манфаатларининг бузилиши, янги мустақил давлатлар нинг пайдо бўлиши ҳамда уларнинг умумжаҳон сиёсати ва иқтисодиётида фаол субъект сифатидаги иштироки натижасида рўй берган глобал геосиёсий ўзгаришлар билан узвий боғлиқдир. Исломнинг жамият ва сиёсатдаги ролининг глобаллашуви нафақат мусулмон давлатлари ва ҳудудлари, балки мусулмон бўлмаган, ғарб давлатларини ҳам қамраб олди.

This article highlights the need to create an electronic alternative educational platform on the history of world religions.The electronic alternative educational platform on the history of world religions is based on developing educational project assignments on the emergence and teachings of the first religious ideas, the list of historical forms of religious ideas, the formation of a bank of foreign literature and the base of new generation educational literature, the coordination of national religions and the creation of online courses, development of educational cases on the emergence of the history of Buddhism and its teachings, the emergence of Christianity and its teachings, and the development of a system of interactive tasks on the teachings of Islam.

Subjects of research: spiritual-cultural life in Turkestan (1867-1917)
Purpose of work: study of essence of colonial policy of Russian Empire through the prism of activity of Russian spiritual-cultural institutions in Turkestan territory.
Methods of research: the principles of historicism, objectivism and problem-chronological, historic-comparatively analyses.
The results obtained and their novelty: in the presented scientific work for the first time was complexly and thoroughly analyzed activities of Russian scientists, scholars and enlighteners as well as activities of spiritual-cultural (such as scientific, musical institutions and also theatres, theatre societies, libraries, museums), religious and charity institutions, such issues like development in Turkestan of Russian periodical press, book printing, lithography and their role in spiritual-cultural life of Russian city population. Special attention had been paid to the analyses of official policy and strategic missions of colonial administration regarding activities of Russian spiritual-cultural institutions.
Practical value: this research promotes deep study of the history of Uzbekistan of colonial period and in particular spiritual-cultural life of Russian population in Turkestan at the Latter Half of XIX - Beginning of XX centuries.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the primary results of the research found its reflection in 11 published scholar articles and thesis’s.
Field of application: the results of the dissertation could be used during creation of methodological textbooks for special courses in history of Uzbekistan and in particular in frame of textbooks related to the actual problems of spiritual-cultural life of the peoples of the Turkestan region. The materials of dissertation could be used in the student’s educative process at universities, by lecturing of topics related to the history of region and also by conducting of practical training or field work.

Subject of research: the works on fine arts, dealing with Zoroasterism, Buddhism and Islam as spiritual values on the territory of Central Asia.
Purpose of work: the scientific-philosophical investigation of the basic integration values in fine arts, the scientific explanation of the specifics and mechanisms of its impact on social and public life.
Methods of research: there are used the methods of scientific estimation such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, historical and logical approaches to the research.
The results obtained and their novelty: in this dissertation paper are researched the religious values of fine arts on the base of identification substantional components and laws of the development; are shown the place and the meaning of Islam arts within the system of national ideas; are investigated the scientific and philosophical and methodological basics of the influence of integration of Islamic values and fine arts on formation of perfect personality.
Practical value: research results have practical importance on growing up the effect of spiritual-educational work of religion through Islamic moral value integrated in fine art, on ideological activity against fundamentalism, religious extremism, and immoral recidivism and forms of the immunity against global spiritual problems of the time being.
Degree of of embed and economic effectivity: the research results give the opportunity for better understanding first, the concept of integration religious values in fine arts; open the dialectics of the process. The results of the investigation give the scientific and methodological base for further scientific investigation in the area of spiritual problem of the society and person.
Field of application: research materials can be used in the training process in preparing lectures, training-aids and programs on the subjects of “National Idea”, “The basic of Spirituality”, “Spiritual studies” “Art studies”, and other courses on the main topic" The integration of religious values and fine arts”.

Барчамизга маълумки, ҳозирги вақтда дунёнинг турли минтақаларида миллатлараро ва динлараро кескинлик кучайиб бормоқда, миллатчилик, диний муросасизлик бош кўтармоқда. Бу иллатлар давлатларни емириб, жамиятни парчалаб, радикал гуруҳ ва оқимлар тегирмонига сув қўймоқда.

The aim of research work is to clarify the mechanisms of the implementation of the procedural and notarial acts in the life of society which were given on sources related to the official documents which were used in the Islamic courts of Maverannahr in Х-Х1П centuries and their specific features.
Scientific novelty of the research consists of the following:
the development of the instance of the Islamic courts in the history of Uzbek Statehood and social, economic, spiritual-legal value of the legal documents which were legalized from the Middle Ages in Maverannahr on the administration and monitoring of society was argued;
source studies features of the research works on the legal documents peculiar to X-XIII centuries and sources connected with them were clarified on the basis of the systematical-functional principle;
the localization of Hanafi teaching and attempts of faqihs of this school to establish the principles of justice in society as creators of law was based;
codicological and palaeographic qualities of manuscripts and the types of the procedural (mahdhar, sijil) and notarial (shuruf) acts given in them were classified;
the genesis of the chancellery and forms, the principles of the procedural and notarial acts legalization and the mechanism of their implementation in the life of society was identified.

The aim of the research work: To reveal causing factors and conditions of political problems of religion of Islam in Arab countries of Africa, its impacts on the socio-political situation and political processes in the region.
The scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
As the important factors affecting the politicization of the Islamic religion was revealed through this research work by focusing on unemployment in Arab countries, low living standards of the population, illiteracy, insufficiency of housing, social retardation, corruption, escalation of clans, foreign interference in social and political processes;
To prevent the direct influence of political Islamists on the electoral process in Arab countries, avoid religious-political parties from being political activists, and preclude the establishment of various political movements in religious content were proved to be an essential condition for ensuring the improvement of religious environment;
The necessity of foreign influence factor on political processes in the Arab countries, in particular, the relationship between Muslims and Christians, Sunni and Shia in order to avoid the the impacts on religious tolerance, interfaith dialogue between the countries of the region, further strengthening of mutual trust have been justified;
Proposals for fighting against religious extremism and anti-confessions of the Arab countries of Africa and the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the coordination of the views and approaches of these countries to the solution of these problems had been presented;
Based on the present-day requirements, practical recommendations have been developed to further improve the state and religion interreligious dialogue, as well as to explain to citizens the principles of religious and national tolerance, interethnic harmony and solidarity.

Subjects of the inquiry: the analysis of social - spiritual aspects of death and immortality.
Aim of the inquiry: the philosophical analysis of scientific and religious ideas about essence of death and immortality and about features of display.
Methods of inquiry: objectivity, system, comparative analysis, analysis and synthesis, generalizations, historical, logic.
The results achieved and their novelty: In the dissertation: a) connection of concepts " thanatology ", "death", and "immortality", interrelation of their common and individual aspects; b) are given classification of evolution of sights on death and immortality; c) the reflection of death and immortality in the religious doctrines is investigated; d) the man’ attitude to death and immortality in his spiritual activity is opened; e) the importance of death and immortality in spiritual - serial growth of the person is proved.
Practical value: The approach of sudden death is registered by a sharp stop of ability to live of organism. It means, that after definition of death it is impossible to restore a vital sign and any accepted measures can not return the man to life.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The basic contents of the dissertation were used during realization seminar employment in a subject " Philosophical problems of a science " of Philosophical faculty in National Universite of Uzbekistan in institute of physical culture in subjects "Philosophy", and "Ethics". Conclusions and the conclusions have found the reflection in statements of the author at scientific republican and international conferences.
Sphere of usage: Scientifically and the practical results of research can life are used in study of philosophical problems of such subjects as typology, pathogens, nephrology, and also in social philosophy.

Subjects of the inquiry: formation of Islamic law, its development, sources, schools, Hanafi madhhab and the role of Central Asian faqihs in its development.
Aim of the inquiry: scientifically define basics of Islamic law and terms of fiqh, thoroughly examine the personality of Imam Azam Abu Hanifa and his disciples, observe the works of faqihs of Mavarounnahr.
Method of the inquiry: historical, comparative, systematic and logical methods, awarding to the altemal-juridical methods and principles used in researching the heritage of Eastern ancestors.
The results achieved and their novelty': for the first time the formation of Islamic law and its development stages, basic terms and sources were observed basing on essential sourses and manuscripts; specialities of sunni and shia directions were shown; examining life of Imami A'zam Abu Hanifa and his masters, disciple and their works on Islamic law have been examined; spreading of Hanafi Madhhab in the Central Asia and its development in this area has been researched; life of Burhaniddin Marghinani and his scientific approaches to the issues, methods and his main book “Al-Hidaya” as well as other works have been researched by whole complex; followers of Burhaniddin Marghinani, Central Asian fuqaha and their role and contributions in the development of Hanafi madhhab have been classified and conducted researches in terms of regional principle; many commentary devoted to primary literatures of Central Asian fuqaha and representatives of Hanafi madhhab that have been written in the various period arc given.
Practical value: It is possible to use information in this research work for preparing educational and methodological syllabus, supplies and textbooks those to be used in curriculum of universities and scientific articles on Islamic law in the future.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: certain parts of the research have been presented in several international conferences and symposiums. The conclusion and main provisions of the dissertation are beneficial and effected on the published textbook of the author “Islamic law, Hanafi madhhab and Central Asian Fuqaha”, research works which have been conducting by scientific staffs of groups “Fiqh Studies and the role of Scholars of Mavaraunnahr in the development of Islamic law” and “Methodology of Islamic law” at Islamic Scientific Research Centre at Tashkent Islamic University.
Sphere of usage: scientific research, teaching process, juridical and implementation practice. The results of dissertation may have an effective role in learning and analyzing Islamic law, Comparative law, theory of State and Law, the History of Uzbekistan’s State and Law, the History of State and Law of Foreign Countries and other fields as well.

The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of criticism of biblical texts, which is one of the directions of modern biblical studies (or isagogy). In particular, his textological, historical, literary, source, traditional and editorial criticism approaches are mentioned. With such an approach and theoretical foundations, it helps to identify the times of creation and spread of religious sources.

Диний ақидапарастликнинг мазмун-моҳияти ҳақида маълумотга эга бўлиш уни тушунишни анча ойдинлаштиради. Ақида (араб. «ишонч») мутаассиб диндорлар учун мажбурий бўлган, улар шак келтирмасдан, муҳокама қилмасдан бажариш, эътиқод қилиш лозим деб ҳисоблайдиган диний талабдир.

Subjects of research: application of principles of religious tolerance of UNESCO in Uzbekistan.
Purpose of work: exploring the significance of religious tolerance in securing interethnic and intcr-rcligious harmony and stability in the world on the example of UNESCO’s activities and that of cooperation between Uzbekistan and UNESCO in this field.
Methods of research: comparative and problematic-chronological methods of analysis.
The results obtained and their novelty: significance and essence of the notion of tolerance, principles and particularities of tolerance from historical and comparative perspective - have been conceptually analyzed on the basis of primary sources and official documents. Possibilities for efficiency increase in the utilization of principles of religious tolerance in domestic and foreign policies of a state have also been explored with the example of cooperation between Uzbekistan and UNESCO. Identical and distinguishing features of reforms in the area of religion in Uzbekistan and France have been discovered. The positive recognition by the world community of Uzbekistan’s experience in the field of interethnic and inter-rcligous harmony has also been established.
Practical value: conclusions and provisions reached within the scope of the dissertation enhance the academic-theoretical knowledge of the essence of religious factor, its social role and functions, its impact on internal and foreign policy of a state, as well as the significance of principles of tolerance in the contemporary world. Outcomes of this work can be used as a useful source in the practical implementation of human rights protection within the framework of Uzbekistan’s integration processes with the world community as well as in perfection of activities of religious and public organizations.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: 5 academic articles have been published on the topic of research, and 3 reports have been presented at scientific conferences (theses of the one report have been published).
Field of application: materials of the dissertation can be used to educational ends in relevant organizations, associations and higher educational institutions in teaching special and principal courses on "Religious studies", "Islamic studies", "Cultural science", “International organizations”, “History of Uzbekistan” etc.

Ushbu maqolada odam va odamning paydo bo‘lishi haqidagi diniy qarashlar evolutsiyasi, olam va odamning vujudga kelishi haqida olimlarning fekrlari, mifologik dunyoqarashga asoslangan dinlarning dastlabki unsurlari, olam va odamning vujudga kelishi haqida Qur’oni Karimda keltirilgan bir qator ma'lumotlar keltirilganligi to’g’risida ma’lumotlar berilgan.

This article explores Imam Al-Bukhari’s unique role in the development of hadith science in 9th-century Central Asian history. Born in Bukhara, Al-Bukhari was educated under the influence of his father Ismail and prominent muhaddiths of his era. At 16, he traveled to Mecca and later studied with renowned scholars in Medina. His work, “Sahih al-Bukhari”, is recognized as a cornerstone of hadith science, systematizing authentic hadiths. “Al-adab al-mufrad” addresses ethics, while “At-tarikh al-kabir” reflects Central Asia’s scholarly environment. Al-Bukhari’s journeys (rihlat) and methodology left a profound legacy in the Islamic world. The article analyzes his contributions, uncovers the historical foundations of hadith science, and highlights the impact of “Al-jami as-sahih” on future generations.

Subject of the research: mazhabs and religious fanatistic groups, international extremist and terrorist organisations.
Aim of the work: research into the historical sources of religious fanaticism, its modern manifestations as well as the moral bases of fighting it.
Method of research: The methodology of ideas of universal, national and moral values, ideas of national development and independence are accepted as the basis. The methods of generalization, statistics, historical section, study of religions, etc. are used in the work.
The result achieved and their novelty: Development and spread of forms of religious fanaticism, their threat to public welfare and study of fundamentals of fighting them.
Practical value: the research can be used for study of the history of emergence of extremist trends and groups, the ideological implications of their activities as well as for development of effective methods of fighting them.
Degree of embed and economic effectiveness: 15 articles, 2 methodical textbooks, 4 theses were published and 1 article posted to ZiyoNet Internet portal.
Field of application: development of effective methods of fighting against the activities of the researched trends and groups as well as use by the broad public, for instance by the employees of law-enforcement bodies. It can be used as teaching methodical textbook for teaching education subjects such as “Study of Religions”, “Study of Islam”, “The History of Islam and Source Studies”, “The Moral Fundamentals of Fighting Religious Extremism and Terrorism” and in other specialized education courses.

Subject of the research: the history of religious canonical parties, their ideas, structural organization6 and specific features of their activities.
Aim of the work: research into the historical sources of religious fanaticism, its modem manifestations as well as the moral bases of fighting it.
Method of research: The methodology of ideas of universal, national and moral values, ideas of national development and independence arc accepted as the basis. The methods of generalization, statistics, historical section, study of religions, etc. arc used in the work.
The result achieved and their novelty: Development and spread of forms of religious fanaticism, their threat to public welfare and study of fundamentals of fighting them.
Practical value: the research can be used for study of the history of emergence of extremist trends and groups, the historic and political implications of their activities as well as for development of effective methods of fighting them.
Degree of embed and economic effectiveness: 15 articles, 2 methodical textbooks, 4 theses were published and 1 article posted to ZiyoNet Internet portal.
Field of application: development of effective methods of fighting against the activities of the researched trends and groups as well as use by the broad public, for instance by the employees of law-enforcement bodies. It can be used as teaching methodical textbook for teaching education subjects such as “Study of Religions”, “Study of Islam”, “The History of Islam and Source Studies”, “The Moral Fundamentals of Fighting Religious Extremism and Terrorism” and in other specialized education courses.

The aim of the research is to philosophical study the issues related to the essence and peculiarities of the manifestation of tolerance as a social phenomenon, and to the harmony of the ideas of tolerance in world religions.
The scientific novelty of the study is as follows:
- On the basis of system analysis a syncretic definition of the concept of tolerance is elaborated, its meaning is substantiated;
- Through the prism of tolerance revealed the features of the relationship of social actors in various levels of interaction and spheres of society and identified a number of concepts that contribute to the development of the theory of tolerance, developed their characteristics;
- Revealed common and distinctive features of religious indulgence and religious tolerance, their proximity is substantiated in meaning, their independence from each other in their essence is proved;
- The interpretation of the ideas of tolerance of Buddhist ethics is suggested, based on the principles of space and time, fortuity and regularity;
- From the point of view of the category of tolerance, the Buddhist precepts on the regulation of social relationships are systematized;
- The peculiarities of the impact of the moral principles of Christianity on the stability of the social system and institutions are revealed;
- Analyzed the evolvement of social ideas of the Christian religion in terms of personality, social group and society, as well as their tolerant meanings;
- Spiritual and moral precepts of the Islamic religion are characterized within the framework of the paradigm proposed by the author, substantiated the harmony of Islamic culture and tolerance;
- On the basis of analysis of modern interpretations of Islamic dogmas and patterns of behavior of Muslim peoples, the inalienability of such tolerant principles as patience, mercifulness, humanity, cooperation, responsibility from the ethical system of this religion is proved.

Subjects of the inquiry: essence and features of religious globalization, the tendency of development of religious education and religious propagation, geopolitical features of religious integration.
Purpose of the inquiry: The philosophical analysis of features of development of religious sphere in the conditions of globalization.
Methods of the inquiry: The applied methods reflect objectivity, system, inheritance, comparative-analysis, analysis and synthesizing, generalization, historical basis and logicality of scientific vigilance.
The results obtained and their novelty: Religious globalisations has been investigated as philosophical question, definition of the concept of «religious globalisation» has been developed; features of increase of a role of the religious factor in the systems of religious propagation and education, and also, a place of modern technologies in this process have been defined; religious processes are scientifically proved as the important direction of religious globalization; practical recommendations directed on prevention of issues in religious space have been worked out.
Practical value: The basic ideas, conclusions and practical recommendations which have found ther reflexion within the dissertation, can be utilized: by working out and studying of corresponding subjects and courses at special and higher educational institutions, in an organization and carrying out of the scientific actions focused on the problems of globalization of processes in the sphere of religion.
Degree of embed and economic efficacy: The basic ideas of the thesis have been stated in reports and the performances of scientific-theoretical conferences, applied while carrying out lectures and a practical training with students of the Tashkent Islamic university, and as well, it is elucidated within 10 scientific articles by the author.
Field of application: Results of the work can be widely used during scientific researches, pedagogic activity, while carrying out works aimed at defining the essence of religious globalization.

The article examines the problems of the important process of dialogue of cultures, through the use of rich material from the Holy Scriptures of mankind and the Koran, in particular, in explaining modern specific problems of literary interaction. Revealing the essence of the cultural and iconic text contained in the Koran as the quintessence of eternal spiritual values, phenomenally combining Islamic spirituality and universal ideals, helps to determine the universal value coordinates of humanity and affirm the importance and necessity of analyzing this