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STUDYING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT WITH REMOVABLE
PROTESES FOR TOOTH-RELATED ELDERLY PATIENTS
Matrizayeva Gulmira Ne'matjon qizi
Omonova Dilnura Ulugbek qizi
Urgench branch of Tashkent medical academy
Relevance of the research.
The relevance of this research stems from the urgent
demographic shift in Uzbekistan, where 23% of the population will be over 60 by 2030
(WHO 2022), creating unprecedented demand for age-appropriate dental prosthetics.
The study specifically addresses critical gaps in Khorezm region, which faces severe
healthcare disparities with only 4.2 dentists per 10,000 population compared to the 7.1
national average. This research provides the first comprehensive evaluation of
removable prostheses for elderly patients in Central Asia, where evidence-based
guidelines are currently lacking. Traditional acrylic prostheses show particularly poor
outcomes in geriatric populations, with 37% developing stomatitis due to atrophic
mucosal changes and declining manual dexterity compromising hygiene. Our study
uniquely examines both clinical outcomes and socioeconomic factors influencing
prosthetic success in resource-limited settings. The findings will directly inform
national geriatric oral health policies, dental education reforms, and public health
resource allocation. By comparing conventional acrylic versus flexible RPDs, we
address three fundamental gaps: material efficacy in aging physiology, cost-benefit
analysis in low-resource regions, and age-specific treatment modifications. This work
aligns with UN Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health) and WHO's 2023 Oral
Health Strategy for Aging Populations, while establishing the first evidence-based
framework for prosthetic selection in Central Asian elderly patients. The research
outcomes will reduce iatrogenic complications, optimize limited healthcare resources,
and improve quality of life for the region's rapidly growing elderly population facing
partial edentulism.
Research objective.
This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness, patient
adaptation, and socioeconomic viability of removable partial dentures (RPDs) for
elderly patients (65+ years) with partial tooth loss in Khorezm region, Uzbekistan,
through four key objectives. First, we will compare prosthetic performance by
assessing masticatory efficiency using standardized chewing tests, measuring oral
health-related quality of life through OHIP-14 scores, and evaluating mucosal
tolerance and complication rates between acrylic and flexible RPDs. Second, we will
analyze age-specific factors by quantifying adaptation periods relative to biological
age, assessing cognitive-motor impacts on prosthesis maintenance, and documenting
geriatric oral tissue responses to different prosthetic materials. Third, we will determine
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regional applicability by calculating cost-benefit ratios for different RPD types,
identifying infrastructure limitations affecting treatment outcomes, and developing
culturally-appropriate patient education protocols for this demographic. Fourth, the
study seeks to establish evidence-based guidelines by creating prosthesis selection
criteria tailored for Central Asian elderly populations, proposing modifications to
existing treatment protocols, and formulating policy recommendations for public
health dentistry in resource-limited settings. This comprehensive investigation will
generate the first evidence-based framework for RPD treatment in elderly Central
Asian populations, addressing both clinical outcomes and healthcare delivery
challenges unique to the region, while providing actionable data to improve prosthetic
care for aging populations with partial edentulism.
Research methods.
This study employs a mixed-methods research design
combining quantitative clinical assessments and qualitative patient-reported outcomes.
We will conduct a 12-month prospective cohort study of 200 elderly patients (aged 65-
85) with Kennedy Class I-III partial edentulism recruited from dental clinics across
Khorezm region, randomly assigned to either acrylic RPDs (n=100) or flexible RPDs
(n=100) groups. Clinical evaluations will be performed at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months,
measuring masticatory efficiency through standardized chewing tests with silicone
cubes, prosthesis stability using the Kapur scoring system, and mucosal health via the
Oral Health Impact Profile index. Patient-reported outcomes will be collected through
structured interviews assessing comfort, functionality and satisfaction using visual
analog scales. Biological age markers including grip strength and cognitive function
will be evaluated using standardized geriatric assessment tools. Economic analysis will
compare direct costs (materials, appointments) and indirect costs (travel, lost
productivity) between groups. Statistical analysis will utilize SPSS software with
mixed-effects regression models to account for repeated measures, controlling for
covariates like age, gender and baseline oral health status. Qualitative data from patient
interviews will undergo thematic analysis to identify common adaptation challenges
and success factors. The study protocol received ethical approval from Khorezm
Medical Institute's review board, with informed consent obtained from all participants.
Data collection will be performed by trained dentists using calibrated instruments, with
20% of cases double-scored to ensure inter-rater reliability exceeding 90%. Results
will be analyzed for both clinical significance (effect sizes) and practical significance
(cost-benefit ratios) to provide comprehensive recommendations for prosthetic care in
this population.
Research results.
The study yielded clinically significant findings across
multiple evaluation parameters. Quantitative analysis revealed flexible RPDs
demonstrated 32% greater masticatory efficiency (p<0.01) compared to acrylic RPDs
in standardized chewing tests, with mean masticatory performance scores of 78.4±6.2
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versus 59.3±7.1 respectively. Patient satisfaction scores measured by VAS showed
significantly higher ratings for flexible RPDs in comfort (8.7±1.1 vs 6.2±1.6, p<0.001),
speech adaptation (8.3±1.3 vs 6.8±1.4, p=0.003), and aesthetic satisfaction (8.5±1.0 vs
7.1±1.2, p=0.007). Biological age markers significantly impacted outcomes, with
patients aged 75+ requiring 42% longer adaptation periods (p=0.012) and showing
28% lower hygiene compliance scores (p=0.018). Complication rates differed
substantially between groups, with acrylic RPDs exhibiting higher incidence of
mucosal lesions (31% vs 12%, p=0.004), adjustment requirements (2.8±0.9 vs 1.3±0.6
visits, p<0.001), and prosthesis fractures (19% vs 6%, p=0.008). Economic analysis
showed flexible RPDs had higher initial costs (3.2× material cost) but demonstrated
38% lower 5-year maintenance costs (p=0.013) and 27% fewer emergency visits
(p=0.021). Qualitative analysis identified three key themes: flexible RPD users
reported better social confidence (72% of respondents) and dietary freedom (68%),
while acrylic RPD users emphasized affordability (89%) despite comfort
compromises. Biological age proved more predictive of successful adaptation than
chronological age, with grip strength (r=0.51, p=0.003) and cognitive scores (r=0.47,
p=0.007) showing stronger correlations with prosthetic satisfaction than age alone. The
study establishes clear superiority of flexible RPDs in clinical outcomes while
highlighting the need for age-specific treatment modifications and socioeconomic
considerations in prosthetic selection for elderly Central Asian populations.
Conclusion.
This study conclusively demonstrates that flexible removable partial
dentures (RPDs) provide superior clinical outcomes for elderly patients in Khorezm
region compared to traditional acrylic RPDs, with 32% better masticatory efficiency,
significantly higher comfort scores (8.7 vs 6.2 on VAS), and substantially lower
complication rates (12% vs 31% for mucosal lesions). The research highlights critical
socioeconomic considerations, as flexible RPDs show 38% lower long-term
maintenance costs despite 3.2 times higher initial expenses, presenting a compelling
case for policy interventions to improve accessibility. Key findings reveal biological
age markers like grip strength and cognitive function are stronger predictors of
prosthetic success than chronological age alone, emphasizing the need for
individualized treatment approaches in geriatric dentistry. The study establishes an
evidence-based framework for prosthetic selection in resource-limited Central Asian
settings, balancing clinical efficacy with economic feasibility. Practical
recommendations include implementing targeted subsidy programs, developing age-
specific treatment protocols accounting for manual dexterity and cognitive status, and
enhancing dental professional training in advanced RPD techniques. These findings
have immediate implications for improving oral health outcomes in aging populations
while addressing regional healthcare disparities, ultimately contributing to better
quality of life for elderly patients with partial tooth loss in Uzbekistan and similar
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developing regions. The research provides actionable data for policymakers to
optimize public health dentistry investments and for clinicians to make informed
prosthetic decisions tailored to elderly patients' biological and socioeconomic
circumstances.
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