81
WAYS
ОF TRANSLATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH
THE COMPONENT FLORA FROM ENGLISH INTO RUSSIAN
AND VICE VERSA
Zarina Yuldasheva
undergraduate student, Uzbek State University of World Languages
Phraseological units are of special interest for the study. It is generally
accepted that the phraseological fund of the language is a mirror of the national
culture, which most visibly manifests the identity of a particular nation, as
phraseology reflects to a greater extent the imagery of thinking and picture of the
world. The multiplicity of phraseological units in the language implies the need to
distinguish their separate groups, and this creates conditions for studying the
phraseological composition of the language as a whole.
When discussing floristic phraseology, we should note a rather high interest in
the study of flora, which is caused by the important role of plants in human life.
Phraseological units with a floristic component constitute a considerable part of the
vocabulary and are of high usage. In addition, the semantics of this group of
phraseological units has cultural specificity, which should be taken into account in
the translation process.
Flora is the aggregate word given to plant life that exists or formerly grew in a
certain location or across time. This generally refers to local plant life, but it may also
relate to newly imported species. Latin names have been given to the Earth's
vegetation. Flora was the goddess of flowers and plants in Greek mythology. She
was the goddess of fertility in Roman mythology. Flora acquired the name for the
Kingdom of Plants.
One of the major concerns in modern linguistics is the study of lexical and
phraseological units in terms of their representation in the linguistic image of the
universe as elements of national viewpoint and, as a result, their functioning in the
language and in works of fiction. Through the lens of the linguistic image of the world,
such enormous parts as vocabulary, phraseology, and slang have found a specific
expression in some units of the English language, which have a rich cultural heritage
and a colorful symbolic significance
– floronyms. In terms of aesthetics, the linguistic
units defining flower names are very interesting. One of the major concerns in modern
linguistics is the study of lexical and phraseological units in terms of their
representation in the linguistic image of the universe as elements of national
viewpoint and, as a result, their functioning in the language and in works of fiction.
Through the lens of the linguistic image of the world, such enormous parts as
vocabulary, phraseology, and slang have found a specific expression in some units
of the English language, which have a rich cultural heritage and a colorful symbolic
significance
– floronyms. In terms of aesthetics, the linguistic units defining flower
names are very interesting.
The work of well-known domestic and foreign linguists in the fields of
phraseology, lexicology, and linguistics, such as N.N. Amosova, I.V. Arnold,
V.V. Vinogradov, A.V. Koonin, S.I. Ozhegov, E.D. Polivanov, A.I. Smirnitsky,
82
N.M. Shansky, and Sh. Bally, forms the theoretical foundation for the study. There
are several publications in the linguistic literature devoted to the research and study
of phraseological units, as well as their various typologies and classifications.
Despite the fact that linguists have frequently studied this topic, the problem of
idiom categorization remains up for debate, as there is currently no universally
agreed classification or translation procedures.
Language learning is intimately linked to people
’s cultures and has become a
focus of linguistic research in recent years. A.A. Karamova (2002), I.K. Inchieva
(2003), A.V. Rudakova (2003), L.V. Ippolitova (2003), V.V. Potalui (2004),
O.I. Kourova (2005), M.V. Shamanova (2005), N.I. Koopina (2005), O.P. Pivovarova
(2005), V.V. Muschinskaya (2005), V.V. Muschins (2007). The theses of
E.V. Ryzhkova (2001), E.P. Kovalevich (2004), and E.V. Kuznetsova are among the
works focused at investigating floristic vocabulary (2004). The research of
I.S. Stepanova is one of the first works devoted to flower phraseology (1987). The
work of O.G. Khabarovsk (2004), O.V. Sharoy (2005), O.V. Khudentsova (2009), and
others is devoted to the issue of floral phraseology.
Many idioms have the same meaning but are expressed in different ways in
the language, with diverse imagery and connections linked with different nations'
cultures. For example:
April showers bring May flowers
–
Нет худа без добра;
Tumbleweed moment
–
Как в лужу плюнуть;
Fresh as a daisy
–
Свежий как огурчик;
Little strokes fell great oaks-
Капля камень точит;
Single bamboo cannot form a row
–
O
дин в поле не воин.
The resultant calculus statement is not a Russian phrase and is a rare
occurrence. It must meet two necessary requirements: its imagery must be readily
understood by Russian readers, and it must adhere to all Russian language rules.
In the flower of life
–
В расцвете лет;
Needle in a haystack
–
Искать иголку в стоге сена;
Be up a gum tree
–
Быть в очень сложной ситуации.
The decision is based on circumstances, but the translator
’s creative originality
also plays a vital impact. Analogue selection frequently necessitates a thorough
examination of the context, the nature of the translated phrase, and its Russian
equivalent. There are also very difficult cases with discrepancies.
The translator must be able to apply
“types of translation” to obtain optimum
accuracy in translating phraseological units from English to Russian.
Equivalent
Analogue
Calque
Descriptive translation
Contextual substitution
Idioms let you communicate with confidence and ease; they make speech
more imaginative and emotive, and they help you grasp a foreign language while also
paying attention to your native tongue. The translation of idioms has gotten a lot of
attention in theoretical writings, in every translation handbook, notably in fiction
translation, and in numerous publications on phraseology theory and comparative
linguistics. Different approaches to the issues are taken, diverse translation methods
83
are suggested, and different viewpoints are expressed. And I would like to point out
that, even if an idiomatic correspondence or a different way of translating an idiom is
provided in the idiomatic dictionary, the translator should not apply it blindly while
translating. It's always important to match the suggested translation to the context in
which it's being used.
Based on the foregoing, idiom translation is a substantial challenge; there is
no ready-made solution for idiom translation. As a result, it is vital to examine the
various groupings of idioms in depth and create ways and procedures for translating
them. A great number of research are now being conducted on idioms of various
populations, including idioms with flora components, both in Uzbekistan and
elsewhere. The ordering of the results of such studies, as well as the release of
numerous dictionaries and reference books based on the outcomes of such ordering,
is all the more crucial. This will drastically simplify and speed up the job of translators-
practitioners, particularly those who lack appropriate translation experience or
understanding of the reality, as well as dramatically increase the quality of their work.
REFERENCES:
1.
Кожина М.Н. Стилистика русского языка / М.Н. Кожина. Москва:
Просвещение, 1983. – С. 223.
2.
Колшанский Г.В. Соотношение субъективных и объективных факторов
в языке / Г.В.Колшанский. – Москва: 1975. – С. 189.
3.
Колшанский Г.В. Объективная картина мира в познании и языке. – М.:
Наука, 1990. – С. 328.
4.
Кудрявцева Н.Б. Гетерономинативность в семантическом поле
номинаций фитонимов (на материале современного немецкого языка):
автореф. дис... канд. филол. наук / Н.Б. Кудрявцева. Белгород, 2004. – С. 121.
5.
Кубрякова Е.С. Части речи в ономасиологическом освещении /
Е.С. Кубрякова. – Москва: 1978. – С. 50.
6.
Кузнецова Э.В. Лексикология русского языка / Э.В. Кузнецова. –
Москва: Высшая школа, 1989. – С. 216.
7.
Степанов Ю.С. Словарь русской культуры / Ю.С. Степанов – Москва:
Академический проект, 2004. – С. 267.
8.
Словарь образных выражений русского языка / Т.С. Аристова,
М.Л. Ковшова и др. Подред. В.Н. Телия. – М.,1995. – С. 116.