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THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF
TRANSLATION OF EUPHEMISMS
Usmanaliev Khusniddin Murodjon
o‘g‘li
Master student, Uzbekistan State World Languages University
Scientific advisor:
Ahmedov Oybek Saporbayevich
DSc, Uzbekistan State World Languages University
These two types of translation are commonly used among translators. Theoretical
one is mainly based on a solid foundation on comprehending of how languages work
and translation theory recognizes that there are various forms of encoding meaning in
different languages. Moreover, it leads translators to look for appropriate ways to
preserve the meaning by the help of the most appropriate forms of each language. On
the other hand, practical translation refers to practical purposes. Sometimes linguists
may have difficulties while translating from other languages.
Translation has 4 most common types: literary, professional, technical and
administrative translation. Let us look at these types in more details. First of all,
literary one, as its name suggests it is all about translating literary works such as
poems, play, stories and etc. In this kind of translation, the translator struggles more,
because this type is often considered the most comprehensive due to the fact that
the translator not only has to get the meaning correctly, but also the sound, context
and emotions behind the words. By doing so the we also prove that we know the
culture of both languages well enough to adapt the elements of other culture to ours.
Of course, this is not an easy work as it requires extensive knowledge and much
experience. Another big issue here is that in poetry, when the rhyming of words is
used for additional wordplay, it may not work in the target language. Moreover,
euphemism should be used more often in literal works. Euphemism is a soft, indirect
word or phrase substituted for the words that are considered too harsh or blunt. For
example,
“Let go” instead of “Fire”.
The next type of translation is professional translation. It includes any type of
translation used for professional purposes such as a medical or a legal translation.
In such kind of work the main target is to make all information translated as accurately
as possible. Accuracy is very essential for any type of professional translation,
especially for organizations where the consequences of inaccuracies could be huge.
In addition, more complex industries require a specialist to ensure accuracy. The
more complex the source language is, the more educated the translator must be
which sometimes can be a problem. It is especially the case when a lot of business
jargon is used or a certified translation required.
Administrative translation is a translation type used for the management texts
and the documents of organizations like corporate or regional business.
When it comes to technical translation, it is technical as its name suggests.
This type can include like following:
Engineering documents
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Instruction manual
User guides
Technical training
Not everydiv can translate this kind of work as these types of documents
usually need technical translation services which the translator has to understand.
What is more, sometimes the formatting requirements and images may have to be
changed in order to be understood in the target language.
Now
let’s look at some most common problems in translation.
Structure of the language
Each language has its own structure of sentence. Moreover, certain terms may
be absent at all which is one of the most common challenges faced by a translator
that makes translation difficult.
Cultural differences
The culture practised by the speakers of each language may also be much
different. Often, colloquialism is woven into formal language, making the
translator’s
duty very difficult. For example, the British are known for their biting sarcasm, which
is considered as their brand of humor. However, this kind of sarcasm may not be
liked everywhere, then the issue may arise as to how to translate accurately without
hurting sentiments or making angry the target audience.
Compound words
A combination of two or more nouns and adjectives is called a compound word.
Some compound words are pretty straightforward and mean exactly what they say,
but some mean only half of the term, like bellboy and even some do not mean their
original meaning at all such as deadline. This kind of cases can get very tricky for the
translator.
Missing terms
Missing terms are a very common issue in translation. In some languages
some certain terms do not exist completely, this also has to do with culture as those
things may not be used by the people or those actions or activities may not be allowed
simply. The is a complicated situation for the translator and creates another crucial
structural problem.
Now I am going to give more information about euphemism. A euphemism is
an appropriate phrase that is used in place of words that may be found to be incorrect
or insulting. Euphemisms are usually used in everyday language and literature to
replace a language that some may not like.
Euphemistic language is commonly used in literature, especially in older works,
as a method of conveying a message without compromising possibility of being
censored for rude language.
Here are some examples for euphemism:
“Passed away” instead of “died”;
“Let go” instead of “fired”;
“Put down” instead of “euthanized”.
Variety in language
Euphemisms are ways to use different words to say the same thing. This can
allow writers to be more creative and, in this way, variety is introduced in their writing
so that actions or expressions do not become boring.
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As mentioned above being a translator is an interesting, yet demanding
profession as it has some common problems faced by translators such as translating
language structure, idioms and expressions, compound words, missing expression,
multiple meanings and translating sarcasm. Furthermore, for the variety in language
and also replacing harsh and offensive words, euphemism is a good method to use.
Another thing that that needs more attention is to consider the cultural elements of
the source language when translating into the target language, because the client,
reader or listener may not have background knowledge about the new expressions
used by the translator as their culture has no such kind of words which may lead to
the misunderstanding of the translation.
REFERENCES:
1. Catford I.C. A Linguistic theory of translation. L.N/Y.
2. Levitskaya T.R, Fiterman A.M. The problems of translation on the material
of thecontemporary English language. M.,1974.
3. Nida E. Towards a science of translation. Leiden. 1964.
4. Roger N. Bell. Translation and translating. Theory and practice. London,
New York. 1995.
5. Salomov G. Tarjima nazariyasiga kirish. T., 1978.
