Strategy of compression in simultaneous interpretation

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Эштемирова, Ч. (2022). Strategy of compression in simultaneous interpretation. Переводоведение: проблемы, решения и перспективы, (1), 158–160. извлечено от https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/translation_studies/article/view/6030
Чарос Эштемирова, Uzbekistan State World Languages University

Master student, Simultaneous interpretation

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Аннотация

Simultaneous interpreting is a common interpreting modality that is utilized in conferences, workplace training sessions, and legal or government situations. In the instance of simultaneous interpreting, the interpreter goes through a three-part simultaneous process: Listening to the original language the speaker cognitively converts the communication into the target language before interpreting it to the third party/audience in the target language. This is done concurrently as the speaker continues to give their speech, which is why simultaneous interpreting takes such a high degree of talent and focus.


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STRATEGY OF COMPRESSION IN SIMULTANEOUS

INTERPRETATION

Eshtemirova Charos Utkir qizi

Master student, Simultaneous interpretation,

Uzbekistan State World Languages University


Simultaneous interpreting is a common interpreting modality that is utilized in

conferences, workplace training sessions, and legal or government situations. In the
instance of simultaneous interpreting, the interpreter goes through a three-part
simultaneous process:

Listening to the original language the speaker cognitively converts the

communication into the target language before interpreting it to the third
party/audience in the target language. This is done concurrently as the speaker
continues to give their speech, which is why simultaneous interpreting takes such a
high degree of talent and focus. The notion of simultaneous interpretation has
historical roots, dating back to the chuchotage (French for

“whispering”), a

primitive/natural method of interpreting in which an individual would stoop and
communicate by whispers and murmurs. Today, whispering simultaneous
interpreting is still prevalent and may be conducted without the use of any technology.
However, it can only be used in a small group with the interpreter standing or sitting
close to the individual who has to be interpreted. This modality cannot be used with
more than two recipients since they will be unable to hear the interpreter.

The interpreter utilizes the compression mechanism for successful and

effective fulfillment of text reduction. The method of reducing syllables number
without damage to the communicative task put forth by an interpreter is referred to
as compression. Compression is process of compressing by preserving information
which is essential for the present communicative tasks and putting aside the
remaining part.

Needless to say that compression of information is naturally present in any

process of simultaneous interpretation. The basis to that is firstly characteristic
features of langusge system of languages and features of simultaneous interpretation
as a branch of translation. It means that compression is a phenomenon which
originates from linguistic and psycholinguistic principles of conveying statement. It
insinuates that it is natural that information which does not bear semantic value is
dropped during decoding and recoding processes while information bearing
communicative value is preserved. It is natural to reduce information up to 60 % even
in thansmitting process in monolingual environment.

Compression approach is probably to appear while repeating and strange

statistics may be located in supply text. According to A.D. Schweizer compression of
statistics may be reached through omitting immoderate statistics in a statement. The
immoderate statistics referred to right here in line with him is factors complimented
withinside the context of state of affairs and communique. [2, 280]. V. Gurin having
stated that grammatical shape peculiarities of languages prompted the above-referred
to elements of compression mechanism usage, referred to five elements: situations of


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simultaneous

interpreter’s activities, communique context, communicative task,

message context and peculiarities of languages grammatical structures.

Conditions of simultaneous

interpreter’s activities, that is the above-mentioned

time deficiency and high and medium speed of the

orator’s speech force the

simultaneous interpreter to utilize compression in the process of interpretation. In
addition to that G.V.

Chernov’s reasoning can also be cited. It states that two

mechanisms assure speaking and hearing synchronization: probable forecasting and
compression. According to this the interpreter should think over ways of omitting
words and phrases that need to be disclosed clearly by paying close attention to what
the orator is saying. For example, Arabic Muslims usually cite Quranic verses so that
their statements will be influential. Since religious texts have specific peculiarities, it
is difficult for translators to translate Quranic verses. Moreover even the clergymen
train 10-15 years in order to be able to give interpretations to Quranic verses.
Therefore if an orator cites any Quranic verse and specifies its order number, the
interpreter gives just the name of the verse and its number so as not to fall behind
the orator. And if the orator does not specify in what part of Quran a verse is and its
number when he cites a verse, as the orator cites a Quranic verse within the frame
of a particular topic, the interpreter is compelled to leave the Quranic verse without
translation saying: this issue was mentioned in Quran as

well”.

“Man qatala nafsāan bighayri nafsin aw fasādin fī al-a’rđi fakaa’nnamā

qatala an-

nāsa jamī’āan”

“Anyone who murders a person who did not killed anydiv and did not break the

law is like a man who killed the whole humanity

”. (Quran, Surah “al-Ma’idah”, 32).

Here we can see that translation is larger in size than source text of the Quranic

verse. Also, it is easy to notice that the topic is about not committing murder. The
interpreter conveys the statement by using compression as

“it is said about not killing

people in 32 verse of the surah

“Maida” of Quran.

Summing up, we would like to state that simultaneous interpretation is a type

of translation that is performed in a special situation. Its distinctive features can cover
non-compliance of word formation conditions in a source language and translation
language, time deficiency, psychological pressure. Simultaneous interpretation the
most acceptable duration is 20-30 minutes. After this time lapse an

interpreter’s

cognitive activeness tends to slow down and he/she gets tired. Talking about
compression size G.V. Chernov shared his opinion that 30-37% could be
compressed by comparing compressed simultaneous interpretation and
uncompressed written translation.

However, we favour the principle of adapting oneself to speed of the

speaker’s

speech as far as compression is concerned, because if the

speaker’s speech speed

is low, but the message is too much compressed, unnecessary pauses might occur in
interpreters’ performance. Moreover if one listener accepts the compressed
information as clear and close to the original text, another listener might find it too hard
to comprehend or lacking relevance. It can occur when linguistic and extra linguistic
capabilities of listeners are not taken into account during the text compression process.
It means certain recipients of information cannot understand the translation
transformation owing to their national customs and world views, interests, level of
knowledge, social restrictions, etc. Therefore the interpreter must be highly qualified
professional with full knowledge of not only two languages, but also two concerned


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cultures. As for using the method of compression, special attention must be paid to the
speaker’s speech speed, that is one must not forget the negative sides of making
unnecessary compressions either.


REFERENCES:

1. Ilyuhin V.M. Strategies in simultaneous interpretation. / Dissertation for

gaining the degree Candidate of science.

– М., MSLU, 2001.

2. Schweizer A.D. Translation and linguistics. Textbook for institutes and

faculties of foreign languages.

– М., Voenizdat, 1973.

3. www.daytranslations.com.

Библиографические ссылки

Ilyuhin V.M. Strategies in simultaneous interpretation. / Dissertation for gaining the degree Candidate of science. - M., MSLU, 2001.

Schweizer A.D. Translation and linguistics. Textbook for institutes and faculties of foreign languages. - M., Voenizdat, 1973.

www.daytranslations.com.

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