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MEANS OF COMPRESSION IN SIMULTANEOUS
INTERPRETING
Esanboyeva Mushtariy
Uzbekistan State World Languages University
Compression is a special type of transformation that is based on the immanent
properties of the language system and contributes to bringing extended syntactic
constructions to a less complex form, which, however, can transmit the same amount
of information as full expanded constructions.
Compression in simultaneous translation is traditionally considered in as one
of the means of ensuring the very possibility of this type of translation activity and is
defined as “saving speech and language means for expressing the same content”.
As a means of measuring the degree of compression in simultaneous translation
(ST), a comparison of the syllabic value of the output message (translation text
– TT)
with the syllabic value of the original message (source text
– ST) is used. A.F.
Shiryaev defines speech compression as follows: “The method of reducing the
volume of a message without causing significant damage to the task that the speaker
sets himself is called compression (speech compression)” (p.83).
I.V. Poluyan quite rightly notes that, in relation to simultaneous translation, it is
hardly possible to talk about compression of the output message, since the output
message does not yet exist in its finished form during the operation of a simultaneous
interpreter. “One can, however, speak of its design as economical as possible (in
terms of the syllable length of its constituent elements)” (p.5).
Based on this, compression in simultaneous translation can be considered
precisely as an economical design of the output message, providing a decrease in
the syllabic value of TT compared to syllabic ST. In connection with the expansion of
the scope of simultaneous translation in the last three decades compared to the
previous period of particular relevance was the question of how to implement
compression in ST, about the resources of speech compression in translation.
Decision this issue would contribute to a significant optimization of the translation
process in terms of the time of acceptance of the translation solutions, saving the
efforts of translators, improving the quality of translation. This question is also
important for didactics of translation: knowledge of possible resources compression
in the joint venture and methods for its implementation would allow orient future
simultaneous interpreters to develop skills, necessary for the implementation of
simultaneous translation in such a way in a manner that prevents the interpreter from
lagging too far behind speaker and unreasonable omissions of relevant information
and at the same time saves the mental efforts of the translator himself. Among the
most important are factor, like the pace of oratorical speech, otherwise called the lack
of time. It is quite obvious that it is precisely the "time constraints under fast the pace
of the speaker
’s speech forces the interpreter to bring into the message syntactic and
lexical changes in order to reduce volume of text in the target language”. So the
importance compression as a means of implementing the joint venture increases
under conditions time deficit. In literature translation, there are no discrepancies
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between authors in determining the sources and prerequisites of speech
compression. G.V.
Chernov writes: “Like a reception of simultaneous translation,
compression becomes possible due to the redundancy of linguistic means observed
in thematic component of the message” (P. 147) agree with him and other
researchers. In the most general way compression can be thought of as removing
from a message certain redundant elements (however, far from all, because many
elements of linguistic redundancy from the text are, in principle, irremovable; every
text carries some redundancy). The idea of redundancy of a speech message is the
basis for highlighting ways implementation of compression in the ST, which received
coverage in special literature. So, G.V. Chernov proposes to distinguish between
syllabic compression (reduction of the syllabic value of the message), syntactic
compression (choosing a shorter and simpler syntactic construction compared to
some given in the original), lexical compression (expression of the same thought by
a smaller number words), semantic compression (Chernov. PP. 147
–149).
In conclusion, speech compression is carried out by synonymous or close to
them replacements of phrases and sentences shorter words, phrases and sentences,
omitting segments that duplicate the information contained in previous context,
omission of semantic units, redundant in a specific situation of communication, and
the omission of semantic units, redundant from the point of view of the task of
communication (A.F Shiryaev, p.98).
REFERENCES:
1. Chernov G.V. Fundamentals of simultaneous translation: Proc. for in-t and
fak. foreign lang. M.: Higher school, 1987.
– P. 256.
2. Poluyan I.V. Compression in simultaneous translation from English
language into Russian and from Russian into English: A practical guide. M.:
R. Valent, 2011.
– P. 112.
3. Shiryaev A.F. Simultaneous translation: Activities of simultaneous translator
and methods of teaching simultaneous translation. M.: Military Publishing House,
1979. 183 p.
4. Pogodina V.V. Compression resources as a quality factor simultaneous
translation // Problems of language and translation in the works of young scientists.
Issue.10. Nizhny Novgorod: NGLU them. ON THE. Dobrolyubova, 2013.
– PP. 84-88.
