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STANDARD NORMS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
Xalimova Dilshunos Zohidjhon qizi
Uzbekistan State World Languages University Master’s student
Phraseological combinations
– expressing ideas in short but coloured
meaningful way. Besides that, these are expressing the identity, way of life, material
and spiritual values, history, culture and customs of the peoples of the world in their
own language is incomparable. Phraseological units take attention in the context of
the people’s use of language units, their general rules and language norms in their
usage. The researches of B.S. Schwartskopf, Yu.A. Belchikov, V.A. Itskovich,
A.I. Molotkov draws special attention to this issue. As, according to
B.S.
Schwartskopf: “Phraseological norm is a linguistic phenomenon, the use of
traditionally consistent, homogeneous and equally valuable phraseology, which in a
certain period of time was accepted by the language community and understood as
correct and exemplary”.
It cannot be considered a variant of its proverbial prototype because it does
not possess all the features of the variant singled out by Alexander V. Kunin in his
doctoral thesis, namely: identity according to the quality of meanings,
identity according to the quantity of meanings,
identity according to the stylistic functions,
identity according to the syntactic functions
identity according to the combinability with other words,
partial identity in lexical composition,
partial identity in the forms of the word components,
partial identity in the component order.
Specially, V.A. Svakovich, B.S. Schwartskopf, Yu.A. Belchikov had given three
types of deviations from the phraseological norm. These are:
Firstly, is the involuntary use of literary language units in speech without
understanding the norm, even though it is not premeditated or deliberate;
Secondly, is the misinterpretation of language units in speech with correct
comprehension and its analyses;
Thirdly, is the usual form of phraseological units in the process of speech,
The expression of which is contrary to their structural rules and internal system;
When they are applied in the context not in their own way, as in the traditional
pattern that is passed from generation to generation, word of mouth, but incompletely
or distorted.
Phraseological units that exist should be widely used in works of all genres,
should be standardized in order to be used as one of the effective means of
communication, increasing the aesthetic expression of the word between the
protagonists of the work. The English language, unlike other languages of the world,
experienced a signifcant influence of the Bible. Biblical expressions and phrases
have enriched English phraseology. There are many biblical phraseological units in
English phraseology:
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Job’s comforter – a person who tries to comfort people but occasionally makes
their misfortune even harder;
Judas kiss
– betraying kiss;
Jacob’s ladder – slanted staircase, staircase made of rope;
a man of blood
– person who killed a person;
as poor as Job
– an extremely poor person;
a man of Belial
– immoral, indecent person;
Benjamin’s mess – very big part, huge portion;
a doubting Thomas
– skeptic, a person who hardly believes in something;
the curse of Cain
– the guilt in somediv’s death or misfortune.
To this day, words and phrases that are passed from mouth to mouth folklore,
and used in oral speech without any change, can be called normal or original
phraseologies. For example, the phrase “throwing a hat (Uzbek hat) into the sky” is
included in the “Phraseological Dictionary of the Uzbek Language” and means “to be
very happy, funny” and is used in these senses in “See You, If I got “four”, I would
have thrown my hat to the sky! “as well as from H. Nazir’s novel “Green Lights”
“Schoolchildren threw their hats into the sky”.
Occasionally phraseological units can be replaced by other words as a result
of their distortion in terms of meaning and form. As result of their previous form
changes and the new form also gives originality to the content.
Moreover, the lexical and structural-grammatical norm expresses the property
of lexical-grammatical change of expressions in speech and that these changes do
not affect their integrity while preserving their meanings, and that structural stability
remains relative. Phraseological units appear in dictionaries, textbooks and manuals,
scientific documents, and in many cases in the same meaning and form as they
appear in the vernacular, that is, in their original, normal state.
Above mentioned examples show us the fact that phraseological units have a
great contribution to the vocabulary layer of each language. In order to use
phraseological units there are norms and standards of usage.
As a conclusion we can say that phraseological combinations expressing the
identity, way of life, material and spiritual values, history, culture and customs of the
peoples of the world in their own language is incomparable.
REFERENCES:
1. Gurevich V., Dozorets Zh.F. (2006). Russian-English Phraseological
Dictionary (P. 624). Moscow: Eksmo.
2. Kuzmin S.S. (2007). Idiomatic Translation from Russian into English
(Theory and Practice) (pp. 7
–291). Moscow: Flinta: Nauka.
3. Slepovich V.S. (2005). Translation Manual (the English and the Russian
Languages) (PP. 74
–79). Minsk: TetraSystems.
4. Vlakhov S.I. & Florin S.P., (2006). Untranslatable in translation. Moscow,
343 (232).
5. http://scientificjournal.ru/images/PDF/2020/86/klassifikatsiya-po-struk.pdf.
6. http://scientificjournal.ru/a/114-fil/1438-klassifikatsiya-po-struk.html/.
