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«Современные тенденции при обучении
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205
THE NOTION OF ILLOCUTION IN THE THEORY OF SPEECH ACTS
BY JOHN AUSTIN
Djalilova Zarnigor Obidovna
ESP teacher at the Bukhara state medical institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino
zarnigor.djalilova@bsmi.uz
Annotation:
John Austin
’
s theory of speech acts revolutionized the study of
language by shifting the focus from analyzing sentences in isolation to examining
the communicative functions and intentions behind utterances. Central to Austin
’
s
theory is the notion of illocutionary acts, which refers to the speaker
’
s intended
illocutionary force in performing an utterance. This paper explores the concept of
illocution in Austin
’
s theory of speech acts, its key components, and its implications
for understanding language use and communication. By delving into Austin
’
s
groundbreaking work, we gain insights into the complex nature of speech acts and
their significance in everyday interactions.
Keywords:
John Austin, speech acts, illocutionary acts, illocutionary force,
communication.
ПОНЯТИЕ ИЛЛОКУЦИИ В ТЕОРИИ РЕЧЕВЫХ
АКТОВ ДЖОНА ОСТИНА
Джалилова Зарнигор Обидовна
Преподаватель в Бухарском государственном медицинском институте им.
Абу Али ибн Сино
zarnigor.djalilova@bsmi.uz
Аннотация:
Теория речевых актов Джона Остина произвела
революцию в изучении языка, сместив акцент с анализа предложений в
отдельности на
изучение коммуникативных функций и намерений, стоящих
за высказываниями. Центральное место в теории Остина занимает
понятие иллокутивных актов, которое относится к предполагаемой
иллокутивной силе говорящего при произнесении высказывания. В данной
статье рассматривается концепция иллокуции в теории речевых актов
Остина, ее ключевые компоненты и ее последствия для понимания
использования языка и коммуникации. Изучая новаторскую работу Остина,
мы получаем представление о сложной природе речевых актов и их значении
в повседневном общении.
Ключевые слова:
Джон Остин, речевые акты, иллокутивные акты,
иллокутивная сила, коммуникация.
Международная научно
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DDJON OSTINNING NUTQ HAKATLARI NAZARIYASIDAGI
ILLOKUTIV TUSHUNCHASI
Djalilova Zarnigor Obidovna
Abu Ali ibn Sino nomidagi Buxoro davlat tibbiyot instituti Ingliz tili kafedrasi
o‘
qituvchisi
zarnigor.djalilova@bsmi.uz
Annotatsiya:
Djon Ostinning nutq akti nazariyasi diqqatni jumlalarni
alohida tahlil qilishdan s
o‘
zlarning kommunikativ funktsiyalari va niyatlarini
o‘
rganishga
o‘
tkazish orqali tilni
o‘
rganishda inqilob qildi. Ostin nazariyasining
markazida s
o‘
zlovchining s
o‘
zni aytishdagi taxminiy illokatsion kuchiga ishora
qiluvchi illokatsion harakatlar tushunchasi. Ushbu maqola Ostinning nutq akti
nazariyasidagi illokatsiya tushunchasini, uning asosiy tarkibiy qismlarini va tildan
foydalanish va muloqotni tushunishga ta
’
sirini
o‘
rganadi. Ostinning kashshof ishini
o‘
rganish orqali biz nutq harakatlarining murakkab tabiati va ularning kundalik
muloqotdagi ahamiyati haqida tushunchaga ega b
o‘
lamiz.
Kalit s
o‘
zlar:
Djon Ostin, nutq aktlari, illokatsion aktlar, illokatsion kuch,
aloqa.
INTRODUCTION
John Austin
’
s theory of speech acts, presented in his influential work
“
How
to Do Things with Words
”
, challenged traditional linguistic approaches by
emphasizing the performative aspect of language. Austin argued that language is
not just a means of describing the world but also a tool for performing actions and
influencing social reality through speech acts. The notion of illocutionary acts lies
at the core of Austin
’
s theory, shedding light on the intentions and forces behind
speakers
’
utterances. This paper aims to explore the concept of illocution in
Austin
’
s theory of speech acts, examining its components and implications for
understanding language use and communication.
The Concept of Illocution:
Illocution refers to the intended force or function of an utterance. According
to Austin, when speakers perform speech acts, they not only convey propositional
content but also aim to achieve illocutionary effects through their utterances.
Austin identified several illocutionary forces, including asserting, questioning,
commanding, promising, and warning, among others. These illocutionary forces
reflect the intentions and purposes behind speakers
’
speech acts and shape the
communicative context.
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Components of Illocutionary Acts:
Illocutionary acts comprise three essential components: the locutionary act,
the illocutionary act, and the perlocutionary act. The locutionary act refers to the
production of a meaningful utterance, involving the appropriate use of words and
grammar. The illocutionary act encompasses the intended force or function of the
utterance, conveying the speaker
’
s communicative intention. The perlocutionary
act refers to the effect or response that the utterance has on the listener, including
their understanding, interpretation, or behavioral change.
Illocution and Communicative Competence:
Austin
’
s theory of illocution has significant implications for understanding
communicative competence. Communicative competence refers to the ability to
use language effectively in various social contexts. It encompasses not only
linguistic competence but also the knowledge and skills required to produce
appropriate illocutionary acts. Understanding the illocutionary force and
appropriate use of speech acts in different situations is essential for effective
communication and successful interaction.
The Role of Context in Illocutionary Acts:
The success of illocutionary acts is highly dependent on the context in which
they are performed. Austin emphasized the importance of context in determining
the felicity conditions for speech acts. Felicity conditions refer to the contextual
requirements that must be met for a speech act to be considered successful and
appropriate. Factors such as the relationship between speakers, the social norms,
and the shared background knowledge influence the interpretation and reception
of illocutionary acts.
CONCLUSION
The notion of illocution in John Austin
’
s theory of speech acts provides
valuable insights into the intentionality and force behind linguistic utterances.
Illocutionary acts go beyond the propositional content of an utterance,
considering the speaker
’
s communicative intentions and the effects on the
listener. Understanding illocutionary acts enhances our comprehension of
language use and communication by recognizing that speech acts serve various
functions and carry different illocutionary forces.
By identifying the components of illocutionary acts, namely the locutionary
act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act, we gain a comprehensive
understanding of the complexity of speech acts. The locutionary act ensures the
meaningful production of an utterance, while the illocutionary act captures the
intended force or function behind the utterance. The perlocutionary act focuses
on the impact the utterance has on the listener, including their understanding,
interpretation, or behavioral response. These components highlight the
multifaceted nature of speech acts and their role in shaping communication.
Austin
’
s theory of illocution also highlights the importance of context in
understanding speech acts. The success and appropriateness of illocutionary acts
depend on the contextual factors at play. The relationship between speakers,
Международная научно
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практическая конференция
«Современные тенденции при обучении
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208
social norms, and shared background knowledge significantly influence the
interpretation and reception of speech acts. Recognizing the role of context and
felicity conditions allows for more effective communication and avoids potential
misinterpretations or misunderstandings.
Understanding illocutionary acts is crucial for developing communicative
competence. Communicative competence involves not only linguistic proficiency
but also the ability to produce appropriate illocutionary acts in various social
contexts. Being able to recognize and respond to different illocutionary forces
enables individuals to engage in successful interactions and convey their
intentions effectively.
In conclusion, John Austin
’
s theory of speech acts, with its focus on
illocutionary acts, provides a valuable framework for understanding language use
and communication. By recognizing the intentionality and force behind
utterances, we gain insights into the complexity of speech acts and their
significance in everyday interactions. Understanding the components of
illocutionary acts and the role of context enhances our communicative
competence and facilitates more effective and successful communication.
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