Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
68
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
68-73
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article is devoted to the symbolic meaning of images in the novel genre. Characteristics of images with symbolic
content are revealed in the example of the heroes of the novel "Bazar" by Khurshid Dostmuhammad. The article also
analyzes the symbolic meanings of the main episodes in the novel.
KEYWORDS
Novel, image, symbolism, time, desire, enlightenment, circulation of images.
INTRODUCTION
Aesthetic assimilation of life is an extremely complex
creative process, which is carried out in various ways,
often indirectly. A truly mature novel is a spiritual
mirror of people's life . The use of symbolic images is
one of the unique features that unite the works of the
novel genre created in modern Uzbek literature. In this
case, the writer does not express his philosophical
observations or thoughts on the basis of the author's
language, but uses such images to express them that a
certain meaning is assigned to these images. The layers
of meaning in the images represent the writer's main
thoughts and ideas, and the shape of the image is
considered a symbol. There are also symbolic images in
modern Uzbek novels, and the appearance of such
images in art, especially in the novel genre, is
connected with both the contemporary need and the
reader's thinking. Because in today's technologically
advanced era, in order to understand existence, the
Research Article
SYMBOLIC MEANINGS IN THE EPISODES
Submission Date:
February 19, 2024,
Accepted Date:
February 24, 2024,
Published Date:
February 29, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue02-13
Mohira Abdurakhmonova
Institute Of Uzbek Language, Literature And Folklore Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
69
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
68-73
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
world, and the events in it, the reader prefers short-
page works that encourage philosophical observation
rather than a thousand-page eventful work. Symbolic
images are one of the elements that can satisfy this
need. For example, in Khurshid Dostmuhammad's
novel "Bazar" we come across several symbolic
images, and it is important that some of these images
were not used symbolically until this work. The novel
"Bazar". Even in the magazine version, it was
enthusiastically received by readers and literary critics
and caused controversy. The very name of the work
"The Market" evokes in the reader a picture of a
picturesque market full of noise and chaos, and the
reader imagines the market during the reading of the
novel. witness that it is a symbol of the world is more
fully proved artistically. The market is a symbol in the
work, in fact it is an interpretation of today, the time in
which we live. Even before this work, it was not new to
compare the world to a market, but Khurshid
Dostmuhammad does not limit himself to this, but the
market is now described in the writer's interpretation
as being exhausted, dirty, under the feet of dishonest
people, that is why the work "...honor... to be hard...
hard market" begins with the epigraph. At first, the
form of this beginning attracts the attention of the
reader, while reading the work, the corresponding
content also attracts the reader's attention: "The
world is marketable, brother, but the life spent in the
market is painful", What if the market is over, it's a
pain, and there is no pain left!" . Through this
conversation between the heroes of the play, Fozilbek
and Gulomjon, the writer reveals the meaning of the
epigraph, which was chosen after finding a suitable
one for the market. The work begins like this: "Come
on, stay safe, stay safe from honey! If you had honey,
would you sell it? Is there a crib, a crib?! Sumagi is left...
There is skin, skin? Get pepper for the wedding! ”. Each
of these sentences has a symbolic meaning, and the
philosophy of eternal life hidden in it seems to be
absorbed into the essence of the whole work. It is
known that as soon as a person is born, he tries to get
something out of life, he is busy with searching and
finding something throughout his life, and he tries to
live an active life as much as possible. For this reason,
the world remembers the bamisoli market with its age-
old wisdom. Adib expressed a very important
philosophical point of view through a single sentence,
"If there was honey, would you sell it, dear?" he leaves
the observation to the reader's consideration. The
urge to take sumac reminds us of the continuity of the
human race. According to the traditions of our people,
spicy things such as salt and pepper are not mixed with
the wedding expenses. That's why the wedding
pepper is an artistic symbol used for the bitter part of
people who are not close to each other in spirit. If we
analyze the work sentence by sentence in this way, we
will be able to understand the deep essence of views
embodied in the artistic intention of the writer, and
discover the spiritual and moral world of today's man.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
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68-73
SJIF
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(2022:
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(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In the novel, the writer defined the classification of the
slave's human status based on a certain system - in a
circular way. Consequently, symbolic characters such
as Grandfather Zar, Grandfather Egam, Salih Qori,
Fozilbek and Qadriya in the novel act as an important
means of connecting this circular movement. The work
consists of symbols from beginning to end. Only the
student who can understand the meaning of these
symbols will get artistic and aesthetic pleasure from it.
The main idea of the work is united around the symbol
of the market, the writer takes enlightenment as the
only way to save the market, which is going astray, and
makes it artistic in the form of a reading room. The
example of Fozilbek and Qadriya, the heroes of the
work, shows that love for books, even if there is love,
only love for good ideas that have come true can save
a person from all the downfalls and attacks of the ego.
It is not in vain that the name of the main characters is
chosen in this way. The fact that Fozilbek is not
completely devoid of characteristics typical of market
people determines the realistic image in the work, and
the description of him "seeing a million philosophies in
every corner of the market", with extraordinarily
different qualities, paves the way for imagining
Fozilbek as an ideal hero in the imagination of the
writer. He moves mentally in the stream of
imagination, and physically in the crowd. In many parts
of the novel related to Fozilbek, there is an incident of
giving an invitation to a wedding. Whoever Fozilbek
meets, they hold an invitation in his hand. By this, the
writer points out that the number of people who
consider the meaning of life to be only a family with a
person has increased. The reader is told that the
meaning of life is not to ensure the continuity of
generations, in other words, to hold a wedding
ceremony that is left from the ancestors and continues,
without paying attention to whether the marriage of
two people is compatible in heart and soul, with the
anxiety of marriage. It raises the question of whether
it does not consist of getting confused. Because
Fozilbek is depicted in the novel as a person who can
control his ego and is free from market madness
(infatuation with worldly goods), he does not consider
it worthy of him to start a family with the right girl and,
in the words of the hero, "Munasib Khan" looks for.
In the novel, along with the invitation to the wedding,
the image of the corpse whose burial has been delayed
is of symbolic importance. No matter who Fozilbek
talks to, they always talk about the fact that the funeral
of the young lawyer is delayed and his div is not
buried. Through this symbol, the author emphasizes
how devalued human life is and comes to the opinion
that what is the reason for this devalued. As one of the
main reasons for this, he shows the result of a person
becoming a slave of lust and profit, and symbolizes it
through the image of a vile creature that arises from
the vices of the human div. The image of the nojins
presented in the novel is a symbol of lust. The
wretched creature sometimes appears in one trade,
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
71
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
68-73
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
sometimes in the other, he doesn't care about anyone,
he doesn't bother about anything, he submits to
himself. The writer not only shows that this creature is
absorbed in human existence in the form of a vivid
image, but also reveals that humanity gives it life. It
artistically describes what the soul is capable of when
it takes control of human desires. No matter how
diverse a person is, the writer describes the soul that
unites him as follows: "...in this bright world, there are
living souls that are very similar to each other, and the
soul is similar, the soul is the same , lust unites people,
destroys differences" . In fact, Allah Almighty created
man with different forms, different actions, and made
him suitable for different careers and different
destinies. This is evidenced by the fact that even the
fingerprints of millions and billions of people do not
repeat each other. No matter how different they are,
one of the things that brings them together at one
point is nafs. There is no one who is free from lust. But
the logic of the novel does not lead to the conclusion
that life consists of the market and man is a slave to
lust. Of course, it is impossible to lose the ego, just as
in the play, people could not find a way to completely
destroy and completely destroy the evil creature. But it
is emphasized that it is possible to curb the lust: "In
order to track the market, first you need to regulate
the lust. Before putting a thousand runners on the
market, one should manage to put one guard on the
ego" . If a person falls into the trap of lust, it takes a
person out of natural discipline and balance. The
balance between desires is broken, and one of them
gets the upper hand. That is why the holy book of our
religion, the Holy Qur'an, describes air and self as
"destroyer". In a number of verses of the Holy Qur'an,
there are statements about the need to control and
overcome the ego: "The wrongdoers followed their
vain desires without knowledge" (Sura "Rum", verse
29), "... they are only they are just following their
whims. Is there anyone more foolish than the one who
follows his own whims without guidance from God?!
Indeed, Allah does not guide unjust people" (Qasos,
verse 50). The Qur'an also showed the way to correct
the mood. And this is done by turning to God with the
whole being and not departing from His commands. It
is written in the verse of the holy book that there is a
high reward for those who overcome the ego: "But
whoever fears the position of his Lord and restrains his
ego from being blown away. So surely Paradise will be
a place" (Surah Annaziat, verses 40-41) . Beautiful
allusions to the fact that it is impossible to completely
lose the lust, but it is very necessary not to be subject
to its desires, even in the examples of classical
literature, about the happiness of a person who curbs
his lust. In particular, Alisher Navoi, the sultan of
poetry, describes the feeling of peace in the heart of a
person who has conquered the ego: "You are not brave
if you do five sweet things, but if you do the Nafs dog,
there is no one in the world who is brave like you." In
"Qissasi Rabguzi" it is written that seventy devils
cannot do what one soul has done. If you pay
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
AGES
:
68-73
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
attention, nafs is compared to a dog in Navoi's work,
while Kh. So, lust is not enough for a person to desire,
it is something that puts a person in an ugly situation in
both worlds. That is why it is likened to a dog and a dog.
In addition, Khurshid Dostmuhammad calls the soul
not like a specific animal or object, but rather, it is a
symbolic meaning. It is known that nojins means a
creature of unknown gender, literally without a
definite shape or form. Lust is the same vice, it does not
choose gender, it is not visible in form. But as described
in the play, the market wanders in the crowd of the
world. In Sufism, it is emphasized that love is the
weapon to overcome lust. We all know that a person
overcomes his excessive desires due to the superiority
of his love for the Creator. That is why Navoi describes
that if you can control the dog of lust, there is no one
as happy as you. Because defeating the ego is valued
as an increase in love for Allah. In the work of Khurshid
Dostmuhammad, the means of defeating the ego is
embodied in the image of the reading room.
Enlightenment in the broadest sense means love for
the Creator, love for His servants, gratitude for
blessings, learning and benefiting society, fulfilling
human duties. Therefore, in the play, Fozilbek and
Qadriya are depicted as enlightened people who want
to save the reading room. Khurshid Dostmuhammad
comes to the conclusion that just as nothing can make
the entire bazaar chaotic with lust, on the contrary,
nothing but love can decorate the bazaar. The love
between Fozilbek and Qadriya carries a symbolic
meaning, just like their names. Before the death of the
father, who was a market leader for a lifetime, he
connected the fate of Fozilbek and Qadriya with each
other, it means that the fate of tomorrow is in the
hands of the virtuous, and values will gain value. Also,
he reflects the need for enlightenment along with the
feeling of love in the image of the reading room
(library): "The decline of the market is the result of the
deterioration of the reading room, hoynahoy..." .
The layer of symbolic meaning in the work is further
revealed through the system of images. they differ
from other characters in that their fate and actions not
only served to shape the plot line, but also have
symbolic significance. In particular, the image of
Kasimbek's market leader reflected a general
characteristic. It has been leading the market for forty
years. During this period, he tries to improve the
market, to make it "steady". But he can't find a
solution. If one side of the market improved, the other
side was damaged. Realizing that his hopes were
dashed, the market leader locked himself in the house
and remained silent for days and months. The reader
immediately feels that there is an unspoken cry in
Kasimbek's silence. In this silence, there is a cry of a
person who has spent his life to improve the world,
straighten the curve, tried to put the chaos in order,
but admitted that he could not succeed, and even
though he admits, he cannot find solace. In this silence,
there is a mournful, silent sigh of a soul that believes in
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
AGES
:
68-73
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
a mirage and has not achieved the desire to save the
world, which is turning from perfect to imperfect! In
our opinion, Kasimbek's situation is in accordance with
the verse of the poet Abdulla Tokay, "I have polluted
the world by justifying myself." It is not surprising that
this feeling is shared by people who want
enlightenment and seek purification. Otherwise, the
poetess Halima Khudoyberdiyeva would not have
finished saying "I wanted to remove the stain of the
world, I got
a stain on myself, I made a mistake” .
Such symbolized images in the work were realized as a
result of the combination of reality and symbolism.
Although many lines that arouse reflection on the
image of the market, some tragic aspects of life and
human fate are skillfully shown through one sentence
or one word, they have acquired a significant social
content. From the beginning to the end, the novel is
filled with the impressions and experiences obtained
during the observation of the market, that is, the
environment, the world, and drawing the image of
reality and symbolism in the same standard ensured
that the writer's artistic intention found its solution.
As long as a person exists, his life is as chaotic as the
market, as diverse as the market. No matter how hard
we try, it is impossible to live apart from the market,
but living in the market worthy of the title of human
being and not being a market person is one of the
highest goals. It is appropriate to conclude that these
ideas are revealed through symbolic images in
Khurshid Dostmuhammad's novel "Bazar".
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Sodiqov S. Yangi o‘zbek adabiyoti tarixi. / Oliy
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yurtlarining filologiya fakultetlari uchun
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