Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
74
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
74-78
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article talks about the content classification of the letters found in the artistic work. The previous classifications
were discussed and the reaction to them was expressed. Types of letters are proved by examples.
KEYWORDS
Letter, classification, meaningful classification, message sending letter, love letter, life-household letter.
INTRODUCTION
Letters can be classified according to different
characteristics. For example, according to its structure,
according to its size, according to its content, etc.
These classifications, in turn, can be further divided
into internal groups. But since letters are a means of
communication, and content is considered a priority
for communication, it can be said that it is permissible
to focus more on content classification.
Different scientists have different approaches to the
issue of classification of letters found in the
composition of works of art. For example, Rana
Ibrahimova in classifying letters, i.e. dividing them into
types;
Correspondence; service letters; love letters; Rahim
Vahidov and Mels Mahmudov look at it differently. [3]
Research scientist Shoira Akhmedova considers who is
writing the letters to whom to be important and
approaches the classification from this point of view.
According to his classification, letters are letters of
Research Article
CONTENT CLASSIFICATION OF LETTERS
Submission Date:
February 19, 2024,
Accepted Date:
February 24, 2024,
Published Date:
February 29, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue02-14
Abdurayimova Irodaxon
Doctoral Student At The Institute Of Uzbek Language, Literature And Folklore At The Academy Of Sciences Of
The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
75
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
74-78
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
great personalities, letters of writers, letters of critics;
personal letters, friendly letters, social letters,
journalistic letters, letters of a literary nature, letters
addressed to official persons [1.23] are divided into
several types.
Another research scientist, H. Hasanova, approaches
the classification issue depending on the content of the
letters as follows:
1.
Letters expressing family relations.
2.
Diplomatic letters.
3.
Love letters.
4.
Letters reflecting social relations. [3]
Using the above classifications, we found it necessary
to classify the letters as follows:
1.
Letters of communication
2.
Love letters
3.
Life and household letters.
This classification can be divided into many internal
types in terms of content. For example, we can include
letters expressing family relations in the sending
letters.
"The appearance, formation and development of
works in the form of letters, letters, and journalistic
letters in Uzbek literature go back to long historical
periods. Its historical roots can be seen in "Avesta" and
"Orhun - Enasoy" monuments. According to the
information recorded in it, it is known to science that
the first letters of the mother and daughter to each
other, written in the Sugdian language, were found in
Eastern Turkestan. [6]
Even today, letters reflecting family relationships are
used in many places. As a clear example of this, we can
cite a series of letters from the stories "Letters to my
daughter"
and
"Sevgim-sevgilim"
by
Olmas
Umarbekov. In these letters, the love of family
members for each other is reflected in bright colors.
It begins with the line "Mangu is on the threshold of
the world".
"Those who come into this world definitely have a
future. Someone a day earlier, someone a day later...
He leaves and does not return. The world will embrace
him forever. A person does not panic when he realizes
that his end is near, but he is surrounded by various
thoughts, he remembers the past and the things he has
forgiven, distant and close people pass before his eyes.
The same happened to me. While I was lying in the
hospital, I wrote these things as long as I had time and
will, and I was absorbed in thoughts and memories.
Hope! My daughter...
October 28, 1993. After ten days of investigation and
studies, some clarity appeared. Tatiana Dmitrievna, the
attending physician, came and shook my hand. - Your
disease is not rooted as much as we were worried. All
your organs are healthy except for the respiratory
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
76
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
74-78
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
system. The disease did not spread to the respiratory
tract. We will have a consultation in a day or two. We
consult with radiologists, the chief surgeon, the
director. I think we should treat you first, and then
perform an operation to remove the disease. I was
delighted by these words of a doctor with a warm
heart and a sincere look... [7]
Along with the above works of Olmas Umarbekov, the
letter written by Erkin Azam to his family, especially to
his wife, is included in the work "Heaven is its own
rule". The letter in this work differs from the letters in
other works in that it is long awaited by the family. In
addition, in Shukur Kholmirzayev's works such as
"Return", "Dewed Garden", "Motherland", "Missing",
there are many letters expressing family relationships.
The reason for including letters representing family
relationships in the work of art is to ensure the
authenticity of feelings in family relationships and the
natural appearance of the image of the family
environment in the work. [1]
The main theme of fiction is love. Any artistic work
cannot be imagined without love. Letters are the main
tool of love gesture. Because it is very difficult for a
person who has love in his heart to express his love in
front of a friend. The fire in his heart does not allow
this. If it comes out on the tongue, it will burn the div.
Amon Matjon did not quote the sentence "Where
there is love, there is a letter, where there is a letter,
there is love" [8].
The number of works in which love letters are found is
very large. Among such works are Shukur
Kholmirzayev's story "Bahor otdi" [10], Abdukakhor
Ibrahimov's
"Sleepless
Nights"
[4],
Olmas
Umarbekov's "Sevgim- savlimym" [9], Khurshid
Dostmuhammad's "My Hijran is a Thousand Men" [11],
"You are me, I am you" [12].
The letters sent by the heroes of the work to each
other in the works of Goethe's "The Sorrows of Young
Werther" and Alexander Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin"
increase the artistic value of the work, which is an
unparalleled example of world literature. The reader
who reads these works imagines the mental state of
the characters as if he were going through them, is
interested in their love story, in a word, the reader falls
under the influence of the work. Of course, not all
artists can create such works. The feelings of Werther,
the hero of the great German writer Goethe,
accompany him from the moment he falls in love with
the beautiful girl Charlotte. His state of being in love is
captured in the letter through the following sentences.
"When our hands suddenly touch each other or our
feet meet under the table, I am afraid like I am afraid of
fire, I pull myself away. But a force drives me to him...
because of its simplicity, even these simple things
shake me, the feelings that are beating in my heart also
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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OCLC
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
torment me... this love is definitely love. Think for
yourself, Wilhelm, what is the point of life without
love..."
However, Lotta continued to love him even when he
left her, lamenting life. "Sometimes I can't believe it: I
love him with all my heart and I have no other spiritual
support, how can someone else love him." [2.81]
The use of letters in the composition of a work of art is
also visible in the works created in Uzbek literature of
the 20th century. The correspondence between
Otabek and Kumush in Abdulla Qadiri's novel "The
Past" can take on the quality of a beautiful example of
love letters, and in turn, we can see that these letters
have increased the artistic and aesthetic impact of the
novel. Rana's letter to Anvar, which is included in the
novel Mehrobdan Chayan, also explains and describes
in an artistic way, from the spiritual world of the
characters to the social scenes of that time. So, we can
say that letters are an important indicator in the
analysis of the development of fiction, in determining
the writer's skill and style, especially in bringing inner
experiences to the fore.
The reason why love letters are included in the works
as a special object is the expansion of the mental world
of the character who is occupied with love, and the
true depiction of inner experiences. To show the
changes that happen in a person's inner world when
the fire of love hits his heart. In addition, love letters
are included in the work to describe the positive
change of the attitude of a person in love to the
external existence and for other reasons. A character
writing a letter in a work of art naturally imagines the
person writing the letter. However, he enjoys and
suffers when he thinks about his mental state after
reading this letter. Therefore, to a person who falls in
love, almost everyone around him seems to be good-
natured, and he treats them in this way. Therefore, he
considers the owner of the letter to be a lover like
himself. The character of Fakhri Kamal in Khurshid
Dostmuhammad's story "Hijranim mingdir mening"
and Usman brother in Olmas Umarbekov's story
"Sevgim-Sevgilim" refer to writing letters to clearly
express his mental state. [3]
Letters used to describe an event in the works or with
the need to reveal the character of a character can be
included in the life-household letters. Such letters can
be written by the hero not to his family members or
lover, but to another character, to all people, to his
students. It can be very broad and complex in terms of
topic or simple. For example, the fake divorce letter of
Hamid in the novel "Gone Days" or the farewell letter
of the thinker in the novel "Baqi Darbadar" by Isajon
Sultan, etc.
"If the Almighty God would turn a blind eye to my fate
and give me another piece of life to this rag-like div, I
would think everything I am saying, even if I do not say
everything I am thinking. Then I would judge the
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
78
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
74-78
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
surrounding things not by their price, but by their
value. I would have slept less and dreamed more,
realizing that I was losing sixty seconds of light for
every minute of my shut-eye. I walked where everyone
else was standing, and I didn't sleep when everyone
was sleeping. When others were speaking, I would
listen to their words with pleasure, as if I were enjoying
the wonderful taste of chocolate ice cream. If God
Almighty would give me one more moment of life, I
would be dressed more modestly, and I would lay
down not only my div, but also my soul in the warm
rays of the sun. O my Lord! If I had a heart, I would write
all my hatreds on ice and wait for the sun to rise... I
would explain to those who are mistaken that love
leaves the heart when they grow old, that old age
comes because they leave love..." [5]
Letters found in a work of art can be classified in
various ways and divided into different internal groups.
Because letters are a widely used tool in fiction for
various purposes. In short, if we take into account the
content of the letters and classify them as mentioned
above, we do not think there will be any mistake.
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