“Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innova
tsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
425
IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS CONTAINING A TOPONYM
R.N. Abduzokhirova
O‘zDJTU Tarjimonlik fakulteti “Italyan tili tarjima nazariyasi va amaliyoti”
kafedrasi stajyor-
o‘
qituvchisi
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu tezis italyan va ingliz tillaridagi toponimlarning
semantik xususiyatlariga ba
g‘
ishlangan va toponimlar yoki joy nomlarini lingvistik
tarkibga kiritgan idiomatik iboralarning jozibali dunyosini
o‘
rganadi. U ushbu
iboralar ortidagi boy madaniy va tarixiy ahamiyatga ega b
o‘
lib, ular k
o‘
pincha
o‘
ziga xos geografik joylashuvlar bilan bo
g‘
liq
o‘
ziga xos xususiyatlar, an
’
analar
yoki voqealarni qanday aks ettirishini
o‘
rganadi.
Kalit s
o‘
zlar:
idiomatik iboralar, toponim, frazeologik birliklar, toponimik
komponentlar.
Аннотация.
Этот тезис
посвящен семантическим особенностям
топонимов на итальянском и английском языках и исследует
увлекательный мир идиоматических выражений, которые включают
топонимы или географические названия в свой лингвистический состав. Он
углубляется в богатое культурное и историческое значение этих фраз,
исследуя, как они часто отражают уникальные характеристики, традиции
или события, связанные с конкретными географическими местами.
Ключевые
слова:
идиоматические
выражения,
топоним,
фразеологизмы, топонимические компоненты.
Annotation.
This thesis deals with the semantic features of toponyms in
Italian and English and explores the fascinating world of idiomatic expressions that
incorporate toponyms, or place names, within their linguistic makeup. It delves into
the rich cultural and historical significance behind these phrases, examining how
they often reflect the unique characteristics, traditions, or events associated with
specific geographic locations.
Keywords:
idiomatic expressions, toponym, phraseological units, toponymic
components.
Idiomatic expressions are an indispensable component of languages speak
all over the world:
Come on, come on! Let
’
s see if you have guts!, It has already
happened, now it is useless to cry over spilled milk!
And many other expressions
similar to those mentioned above are part of our daily conversations. We use
them themselves, our parents, our teachers, our friends use them. We hear them
say from a mother to her child in the train traveling to work or school. There most
of us never reflect on their meaning. It comes naturally to us either the occasion
in which it is convenient to use them is their content when they are pronounced
from another person in front of us. Yet if we once stopped a think about it even
for a moment, surely we would be surprised.
“Arab tili globallashuv
davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
426
Some questions would immediately arise: How is this possible
–
despite that
the words contained in the sentence have little or in some cases no connection
with the concept we want to express
–
that they are used by everyone, and at the
same time are they universally accepted? Why the phrase, when used, seems to
us perfectly appropriate, despite being from the point of view of its content
semantic completely out of context?
–
This is the charm of expressions idioms as
well as the reason why this thesis will be dedicated to a group of them more
precisely to the idiomatic expressions they contain to their own internal a
geographical name or an antroponym. In the case of antroponyms both those
derived directly from a toponym
–
the so-called names will be treated of the
inhabitants
–
that the ethnonyms that exist in themselves. Below is given a few
examples of Italian expressions with a toponym component:
Discover America
The expression containing the toponym America expresses in both
languages, Italian and English, the same concept: whoever has discovered
America, tells us one thing commonly considered as already well known, as if he
had discovered one big news. In addition, the person with "new" information
presents her with a certain shade of pride for having discovered it.
According to the author of the thesis, the saying is linked to the fact that
America like continent was discovered many centuries ago and today we will
hardly find it a person who does not know her. So if one comes with information
considering it a novelty, but in reality it is already familiar to everyone and
therefore not surprising to anyone and as such the person makes himself
deserving of a comment like that.
Ex.: Tonino came to tell us that the Reds would be divorced. Yes he acted as
if he had discovered America, while he already knew all of this Macerata.
Having / Being the uncle of America
The expression with the meaning of being / having a rich relative who
supports the their family members financially or whose relatives could expect a
great legacy. This idiom
–
like many others
–
is also used for express an ironic,
mocking attitude. In addition, as written in the dictionary of Bruna Monica Quartu,
America
’
s uncle "can also indicate a character non-existent which is called into
question to justify sudden prosperity economic".
The saying, in both Italian and Czech languages, is connected with emigration
in America, the country which in turn was new, undiscovered and which was coming
considered a rich country, the country of the "American Dream" where everyone
could find wealth and live a dream life. And therefore, who has an uncle in America,
has an uncle who gives him / her money that can be wasted.
Ex.: Do you want to buy a Ferrari? But do you have the uncle of America?
Finding / Having found America
The third is the right time: America in a third idiom that connects the
overseas country with an idea of wealth and a splendid life of those who
emigrated to the United States; this time the meaning is to be in one perfect
condition of life full of joy and financial security.
“Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innova
tsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
427
Similarly to the previous phrases containing the toponym America, this
expression too would have spread orally rather than written.
According to the author of the thesis, the expressions correspond because
in turn America was considered a dream country equally by the inhabitants of all
Europe.
Eg.: My uncle wrote to me who finally found America in Milan: they gave
him a beautiful apartment and for what little he does they pay him 10,000 Euros
per month!
Being a Babel / a Babylon
The expression connected with the phenomenon of the Tower of Babel, the
construction of the which, according to the Bible, was the reason God separated
the people into various nations, dividing their single language into many different
languages. Having wanted build a tower high enough to touch the sky, the
inhabitants of the city were punished in this way. In the Book of Genesis, with
reference to the city of
Babylon, it is written: «That is why it was called Babel,
because there the Lord confused the language of all the earth and from there the
Lord scattered them over all the earth of the situation that broke out in Babel after
the confusion of languages is today used to express a chaos, a confused situation.
Eg.: As soon as they announced the cancellation of all flights to Italy, the
airport has become a Babylon. I couldn
’
t take it anymore, a few minutes after that
I had to leave.
Do as the geese of the Capitol
The history of the Capitol geese is well known: most of the students who
studied Latin met with a version of the text written on this theme by the great
Roman historian and writer Tito Livio.
At this point it must be mentioned that while in Italian it exists an entire
verbal phrase with the meaning of sounding the alarm, in english language a
corresponding expression is not used, but it is only known the coupling of the
noun and adjective with a lack of the element verbal.
Tradition says that when in 390 BC the Gauls tried to conquer the city of
Rome and in reality he was unable to conquer the last god seven hills,
Campidoglio, it was saved by the geese.
While many people from other parts of the conquered city dispersed in the
mountain, the remaining soldiers of the Roman army found refuge right on the
Capitoline Hill and in its temple dedicated to Capitoline Jupiter.
Here they were besieged by the Gauls. According to legend, the night during
which the Gauls they decided to attack the Romans, they
–
as well as their keepers
and dogs
–
yes they enjoyed an undisturbed sleep and did not know at all that they
were nearing their possible end. However, when the Gauls approached, the geese
present on the hill began to squawk loudly and so they have woke up one of the
sleepers who then gave the alarm to the others. So the geese have Capitol saved.
Ex.: But why are you doing like the Capitol geese? It didn
’
t happen
something serious! Turn off the gas, open the window, and please don
’
t even try
to use the lighter or smoke!
“Arab tili globallashuv
davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
428
Rome was not built in a day
Not even Rome was built in a day. But the necessary patience was rewarded
by the result: in this case, Rome is universally recognized among the most
beautiful and, consequently, visited cities in the world. In summary, when not we
can find the solution to a problem immediately, or when to achieve the goals we
take the time we need, it is likely that the result we will encounter being patient
will be even better than that hoped.
The saying
–
which also appeared in the titles of some songs, like for
example Sam Cooke
’
s Rome wasn
’
t built in a day or the single in 2000 by
Morcheeba
–
was apparently for the first time recorded in the form written in a
French draft of the Middle Ages, published circa 1190, entitled Li Proverbe au
Vilain. In a revised version of the draft it is wr
itten: «Rome ne it was pas faite toute
en un jour". This sentence was later translated into many languages of world.
Ex.: Lucia, don
’
t be sad that you haven
’
t learned how to bake the cake yet
like your grandmother does. You
’
ve only tried it once, remember that not even
Rome it was built in one day.
All roads lead to Rome
This expression
–
used to express the idea that various ways of dealing with
a problem or a business can lead to the same result
–
is connected with ancient
Rome, more precisely with the so-called Umbulicus Urbis Romae located in the
Roman Forum. On this column
–
also called Milliarium Aureum
–
built in the year
29 after Christ by the emperor Octavian Augustus, the names of all the capitals of
the provinces of the Roman Empire and their distance from the city of Rome itself
have been listed. All the important roads of the time, and therefore the roads
towards the aforementioned provinces of Rome
–
among them also the famous
Via Appia
–
were directed towards the Milliarium Aureum. The meaning of the
term is therefore linked to the idea that, even if we follow different paths, sooner
or later we will all arrive in the same destination: the great city of Rome, because
–
as already said
–
all the roads in the end have their own end in this city. As for
the written form of this idiomatic expression, one of its forms seems to have
appeared for the first time in a text entitled Liber Parabolarum by the French
theologian and poet Alain de Lille, who wrote these words in the year 1175: " mille
viae ducu
nt homines per saecula Romam. ” This phrase –
although somewhat
different from our variant of the saying
–
is usually considered the first written
proof of the existence of the expression. According to some, the expression
nowadays can be understood more in correlation to the Vatican City State than to
the city of Rome, this phenomenon is linked to the fact that many people from all
over the world travel to the Vatican to see the Pope. and the city is therefore
considered a meeting place. Ex.: Annamaria phoned. I think they got the
experiment procedure wrong.
–
Don
’
t worry, you will see that sooner or later they
will solve the problem... in the end, all roads lead to Rome.
Being a Trojan horse
Yet another expression having a verbal variant in Italian and one English
counterpart composed only of an adjective
–
bearer of the toponym
–
and a noun.
“Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innova
tsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
429
There will be few adults
–
at least in Europe
–
who don
’
t know what it was
the Trojan horse and why it has become a part of the phraseological lexicon of
languages, ta
king on the meaning of «something that infiltrates a complex, a
system to destroy it; [...]».
Although the history of the Trojan horse is well known, it won
’
t be bad
briefly remind the readers of this thesis. As Homer writes in his Iliad, when the
Greeks decided to finally take over the city of Troy in Asia Minor
–
a long enough
war was waged for the city
–
yes they invented a deception: they pretended to
want to stop the conflict, and gave away to the Trojans a huge wooden horse, as a
sign of peace. The latter
–
trusting naively of the enemies
–
they accepted the gift,
introducing it into the walls of the city. Once positioned, the cunning Greek
soldiers began to emerge from the horse who taking advantage of the surprise
effect, didn
’
t have too much trouble to defeat the enemy and take over the city.
In the article, we analyzed only some phraseological units, with containing
toponymic components. The studied material allows us conclude that the
considered phraseological units create a clearer understanding of the history and
national and cultural touristic features of the Italian people, about its mentality
and system values.
Most of the phraseology, which includes place names, is formed in the
national-cultural context and enriches the phraseological layer. Phraseologisms
expressing place names are based on the expression of people
’
s daily life, values,
nationality, dreams of today and tomorrow.
References:
1.
CACCIARI, C., VESPIGNANI, F., et al.,
Aspettative semantiche ed espressioni
idiomatiche: aspetti psicolinguistici ed evidenze elettrofisiologiche
, In: Balconi, M.,
Neuropsicologia della comunicazione
, Springer, Milano, 2008.
2.
BAROTTI, G. A.,
Bertoldo con Bertoldino e Cacasenno: in ottava rima, con
argomenti, allegorìe, annotazioni e figure in rame
, presso Lelio dalla Volpe,
Bologna, 1736.
3.
QUARTU, B. M.,
Dizionario dei modi di dire della lingua italiana
, cit., p. 17.
4.
TOBLER, A.,
Li Proverbe au vilain,
die Sprichwörter des gemeinen Mannes:
Altfranzösische
Dichtung nach den bisher bekannten Handschriften
, S. Hirzel,
Leipzig, 1895, p. 43.
5.
Umbilicus
Urbis
,
In:
Roma
Segreta.it
.
[2015-03-10]
URL:http://www.romasegreta.it/campitelli/foro-romano/umbilicus-urbis.html
