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METHODOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LITERARY AND
LOGICAL THINKING BASED ONPROVERBS
Dilnoza Badriddinova Najmiddinovna
Independent researcher of Tashkent Chemical International University
Telephone: 97-423-58-01.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16717083
Annotation:
this article covers effective methodological methods for the
development of literary and logical thinking in readers through Proverbs. It is
justified that proverbs can be used as didactic material in language and
literature lessons as a product of folk wisdom. The article analyzes the role of
proverbs in the formation of aesthetic and logical thinking skills, the
development of the culture of oral and written speech in students, as well as
spiritual and educational upbringing. Development of creative thinking, logical
link identification, comparison and inference skills in students through
methodological recommendations compiled on the basis of interactive and
innovative approaches opportunities are shown.
Keywords:
Proverbs, oral folk art, literary thinking, logical thinking,
development, methodological approach, educational process, language and
literature lessons, critical thinking in students, logical thinking skills, didactic
materials, educational significance, creative approach, analytical skills,
application in context, comparison, logical connection, thinking process, lesson
methodology, learning motivation, interactive methods, innovative approach,
teaching technologies, speech culture, spiritual and educational education today,
one of the main goals of the education system is to form independent thinking,
analytical and logical thinking skills in students. Especially in native language
and literature lessons, it is important to develop literary and aesthetic taste,
thinking culture, critical thinking skills through proverbs (i.e., tasks, logical
questions, riddles, tests expressed through metaphors). [1]The proverb (riddle,
logical question, short situational task) has existed since ancient times as a
means of activating the reader's thinking. The depth of meaning and hidden
context require a creative approach, encourage comparison, generalization,
analysis: "It is invisible, but it comes every day. No one can stop it. What is it?"
Answer: Time. Such proverbs awaken logical and literary thinking, develop the
reader's worldview, figurative thinking and aesthetic taste. Literary thinking and
integration of proverbs. [2]Literary thinking is the ability to deeply understand
the artistic text, analyze the image, plot, idea, and language means in it. In this
process, proverbs: drawing logical conclusions based on the text, analyzing the
character of the hero through proverbs, recognizing artistic means and using
them in different contexts, a sample lesson:
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Students are given an excerpt from Abdulla Qodiriy's novel "Days Past" and
the following proverb is given:
"Two fires burn in the heart of this hero. The first is love, the second is
conscience. The path of the flames of both is different.[3] Who is he?" Answer:
Otabek. Such an approach encourages students to analyze not only the plot of
the work, but also the inner experiences and mental state of the hero. Logical
thinking is the ability to understand cause-and-effect relationships, a critical and
systematic approach to the problem, and analytical thinking.[4]
The following methodological work is carried out through proverbs:
Teaching deductive and inductive thinking, giving comparison and
generalization tasks, using brainstorming methods, differential tasks: giving
leveled riddles; “Helps those younger than him, but he himself needs people.
People have been using him for years. He himself does not speak, but he lives in
a million words. What is he?” Answer: a book. Such riddle proverbs develop in
students analytical thinking, figurative thinking, and the ability to understand
logical structure.[3] The following are important when integrating proverbs into
the lesson process: A motivational proverb to focus attention at the beginning of
the lesson, At the stage of studying the text - figurative proverbs, At the end of
the lesson - assessment through analytical proverbs.[5] For example, when
studying the poems of Nodira in grades 9-11, the following proverb can be given:
“She is a poet, a princess, but a king in her pen. She writes her pain with a letter,
and holds the people's pain in her heart. Who is she?” Answer: Nodira.
Interactive work with students Using proverbs, students are involved in the
following: Solving proverbs in groups based on a competition, students
composing proverbs themselves, creating analytical and literary quizzes;
through these methods, students are formed as active, creative, critical thinkers.
Proverbs that teach the cause-effect relationship: Proverbs: “You throw one —
you wrap.” This proverb shows the relationship between cause and effect. As
you work, so you will get the result. In logical thinking, this serves to understand
the principle of causality (analysis of cause and effect).6[] Comparing opposite
concepts: Proverb: "Goodness is not forgotten, evil does not restrain itself."
Source of thought: This proverb expresses an idea through opposites. For logical
thinking, it is important to distinguish and compare opposite concepts.
Choice and consequence: Proverb: "If two sheep drink water, one will
drown.": This proverb explains to people the difficulty of choosing two useful
things at the same time. Making a choice and being able to foresee the
consequences is the basis of logical thinking. Proverbs encouraging analysis of
causes: Proverb: "Know an old man by his door, and a child by his work." This
proverb teaches that a person should be evaluated not by his external, but by his
internal qualities - that is, by his actions and results. This is the basis of
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analytical thinking. Proverbs explaining time, patience and consequence:
Proverb: "He who is patient - will be satisfied."
This proverb contains the idea of achieving a good result through patience
(waiting, endurance). In logical thinking, this is the basis of long-term thinking,
strategic planning.
"He who walks a lot will be happy, he who reads a lot
"You who are alone will be happy."
Contrast analysis “Goodness is not forgotten, evil is not restrained.”
Choice and consequence “When two sheep drink water, one will drown.”
Practical analysis “He who walks a lot knows, not he who reads a lot.”
Strategic thinking “He who is patient is satisfied.”
Proverbs were originally short, concise expressions derived from folk
wisdom, experience and observations. They mainly served the function of
advice, warning, and instruction. For example: “Do good, go to the water.”, “Do
not say that your flesh is bad, you will need a skirt.” Proverbs were used in
written literature to enrich the language of works and increase their impact. In
Eastern literature, in particular, classical writers such as Alisher Navoi and
Babur widely used proverbs in their works. Navoi in his “Khamsa”: “Be patient,
the fruit of patience is sweet.” In some cases, writers and poets turned proverbs
into the basis of the plot of the work or re-expressed them in poetic form.[7] In
Jadid literature (at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries), proverbs were
combined with modern thought. In the novel "Bygone Days", Abdulla Qodiriy
explains various social situations through proverbs.
Modern writers and poets are updating proverbs in modern language and
using them in a parodic or ironic way. The proverb can be used in the opposite
sense and criticize a particular event: Original proverb: "Let there be a white
path." Ironic form: "White path, but do not lose yourself!" Proverbs are one of
the main sources of national thought, linguistic richness, imagery and
expressiveness. They give the language of works artistic power, generalization
and figurative expression. The presence of brevity, depth of content, rhythm and
tone in each proverb is especially important for literature. Human thinking is
one of the main criteria for the development of society.[]8 In particular, logical
thinking is an invaluable tool for analyzing life situations, making the right
decisions, and finding solutions to problems. Uzbek folk proverbs, as a product
of folk wisdom formed over the centuries, serve as a powerful tool for
motivating logical thinking. Logical thinking is the ability to draw conclusions
based on information, analyze, compare, find causal relationships, and reject
erroneous conclusions. In other words, it is a well-founded and consistent form
of thinking. Logical connections, causal relationships, and the element of
analytical thinking are strongly expressed in Uzbek folk proverbs.
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The following proverbs clearly demonstrate this: "He who works - gets his
fill, he who sleeps - goes hungry." In this proverb, the cause-and-effect
relationship is obvious: work gives results, and inaction leads to poverty. This
emphasizes that a person should be able to foresee the consequences based on
the causes - this is the main form of logical thinking.[9] "He who thinks a lot -
finds, he who does not think - loses." This proverb shows the need for reflection
and drawing conclusions. If a person thinks a lot and analyzes the possibilities
before making a decision, he will choose the right path. Otherwise, wrong
decisions will lead to losses. "If you do good, it will come back to you." This
proverb contains logic close to the principle of "karma". Not every action is
without consequences - a person always faces the consequences of his
actions.[10] It teaches us to think based on the relationship of cause and effect.
The role of logical thinking in our lives is very important: In education: Children
learn to think logically in order to solve problems and issues. This ability can be
strengthened through proverbs. When choosing a profession: A person should
logically choose the right path, comparing his interests, abilities and labor
market requirements. In personal decisions: If each decision is analyzed along
with its causes and consequences, errors will be reduced.
Folk wisdom and culture of thought are as follows. Proverbs are not only
instructive, but also a system of thoughts with a very deep meaning. They are
examples of wisdom based on logical conclusions, passed down through the
experience of the people for centuries. "Think ten times, speak once" - this
proverb encourages a person to speak without haste, to think.[11] "It is not
water that pierces a stone, but the continuity in water" - this shows the power of
patience and logical action. Logical thinking is one of the most powerful
intellectual tools of humanity is one. In Uzbek folk proverbs, one can find many
examples of this form of thinking. Through proverbs, the younger generation can
be taught to think, analyze, and understand causality. Therefore, in-depth study
of proverbs is an ancient and effective way to form logical thinking.
In conclusion, it should be said that the literary development of proverbs
has begun in folk art, has been improved in written literature, and has been
changing and adapting in modern literature. They represent not only the
linguistic, but also the spiritual and philosophical wealth of Uzbek literature.
The development of literary and logical thinking with the help of proverbs
serves as an important tool in improving students' speech culture, aesthetic
taste, and independent thinking skills. Properly selected and methodologically
based proverbs encourage the student to creative research, analytical thinking,
and a deep understanding of the work of art.
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References used:
1. Akhmedov, M. (2007). Uzbek proverbs - masterpieces of folk wisdom.
Tashkent: Science.
2. Norkulov, D. (2019). Logical thinking and modern thinking methods.
Tashkent: Teacher.
3. Abdullaeva, S. (2021). "Elements of analytical thinking in folk proverbs",
Journal of Language and Literary Education, No. 2.
4 . Karimov, I. (1996). High spirituality is an invincible force. Tashkent:
Spirituality.
5 .Collection of folk proverbs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2020). Tashkent:
Gafur Gulom Publishing House.
6. Gafurov O., Joraev O. Teacher's speech culture. - T.: Teacher, 2005.
7. Nurmonov A. Foundations of literary thought. – T.: Fan, 2002.
8. Akhmedov M. Innovative methods in teaching. – T.: Publishing house of TDPU,
2017.
9 Bunyodov Z. Fundamentals of literary criticism and analysis. – Samarkand,
2021.
10. www.ziyonet.uz – Education portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan
11. www.eduportal.uz – Methodological materials for teachers
