Том 4 № 43 (2025)

Mazkur maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining muloqot kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishda o‘qituvchining til madaniyati va emotsional nutqining ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Hamda o‘qituvchi nutqining fonetik ifodasi, leksik boyligi, grammatik soddaligi va madaniy standartlarga mosligi bolalarning tilga bo‘lgan estetik munosabatini shakllantiruvchi omil sifatida ko‘riladi. Shuningdek, o‘qituvchining emotsional nutqi – ya’ni ohangdorlik, intonatsion urg‘u, pauza, mimika va ishonchli kommunikatsiya kabi paralingvistik vositalar bolalarda o‘z fikrini ifodalashga bo‘lgan psixologik tayyorgarlikni kuchaytiradi. Tezisda nutqiy namuna, emotsional xavfsizlik muhiti va o‘quvchilarning tilga daxldorligini oshirish yo‘nalishlarida mahalliy va xorijiy tadqiqotchilar qarashlari asosida metodik tavsiyalar ham taqdim etildi.

This article analyzes the traditions of epic storytelling, one of the key branches of Uzbek oral folk creativity. It explores the artistic structure of epics, their historical roots, their connection with the art of bakhshi (folk bard), and their role in educating the younger generation.

The article analyzes the scientific research of Najmiddin Kamilov on the study of the history of Sufism. Scientific and methodological aspects of studying Sufi teachings are highlighted based on Professor N.Kamilov's scientific views on the emergence, formation period, and stages of development of Sufi teachings. The specific features of N.Kamilov's research on the history of Sufism, his research methodology, and conceptual approaches are systematically analyzed. Scientific approaches to the classification of periods of asceticism, mystical knowledge, and love in Sufism, as well as the relationship between Sufism and futuwwat, are revealed through the views of N.Kamilov.

Tana ichra bir yashirin dushman bor. U jim, sokin, sezdirmay keladi. Inson hamisha o‘ziga begona bo‘lgan xavflardan qo‘rqadi: baxtsiz hodisa, yurak to‘xtashi, pandemiyalar... Ammo eng qo‘rqinchlisi – o‘zining o‘ziga qarshi bosh ko‘targanini tan ololmaslik. Bu – rak, ya’ni saraton kasalligidir.

The formation of a system of financial guarantees to encourage the participation of private investors in projects implemented within the framework of public-private partnerships (PPP) is considered an important strategic task. This article analyzes the theoretical foundations of financial guarantees for private investors within the framework of PPP, their types and functions, and develops scientific and practical recommendations for their implementation in the conditions of Uzbekistan. During the study, international experience was studied and the existing legal and regulatory framework in Uzbekistan was assessed. The results of the analysis showed that reducing financial risks for private investors and increasing their confidence are crucial factors in ensuring the success of PPP.

Ushbu maqolada ingliz tili darslarining yuqori sinf o‘quvchilarini ma'naviy tarbiyalashdagi o‘rni va imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Dars jarayonida til o‘rgatish bilan birga, o‘quvchilarning axloqiy fazilatlarini shakllantirish usullari ko‘rib chiqiladi. O'zbekistonda olib borilayotgan ta'lim-tarbiyaga oid chora tadbirlar va ularning samaradorligi ochib beriladi. Muallif ingliz tili darslarida ma'naviy tarbiyaga oid metodik yondashuvlarni taklif etadi.

Lablarning qizil hoshiyasida joylashgan patologik jarayonlar orasida surunkali qaytalanuvchi lab yorilishi (SQYOR) va eksfoliativ xeylit (EX) alohida o‘rin tutadi. Ular uzoq muddatli, doimiy kechishi, qaytalanishi bilan tavsiflanadi, davolash qiyin. Surunkali lab yorilishlarining 6% dan ortig‘i xavfli o‘smalar rivojlanishida xavf guruhini tashkil qiladi [55, 86] Ushbu kasalliklarning rivojlanish sababi aniq emas. Ularning paydo bo‘lishida irsiy omilning roli A. J.I. Mashkilleyson va S. A. Kutan (1976) tomonidan qayd etilgan. Bemorlarning yarmida bu ikki kasallik birgalikda uchraydi. Patologiyaning asosida qon tomir-to‘qima neyrogen mexanizmlari [41, 42, 99], shuningdek, psixoemotsional sohaning buzilishi yotadi, deb hisoblanadi [42].

Dunyo tilshunosligida neologizmlarning yasalishiga koʻra uch turi farqlanadi: neoleksema, neofrazema va neosemema. Neosemema sifatida qaraladigan neologizm turi oʻzbek tilshunosigida semantik neologizm sifatida beriladi. Maqolada ham aynan semantik neologizm haqida, ya’ni  neologizmlarning shakllanishida soʻz ma’nosining oʻrni va ahamiyati haqida ayrim mulohazalarimiz bayon qilingan.

This article explores the role of digital technologies in managing higher education institutions, focusing on the challenges faced by universities globally. By examining international experiences, the article highlights both the opportunities and the obstacles that universities face in their digital transformation.

This article addresses the issue of developing students' logical thinking abilities in the process of teaching chemistry. Specifically, it analyzes methods for cultivating students' intellectual skills, such as analysis, drawing conclusions, and understanding cause-and-effect relationships through solving exercises and problems. The article presents examples of tasks that stimulate logical thinking based on real-life and engaging chemical problems, revealing their educational significance. It also substantiates the effectiveness of teaching methods that encourage students to be active, conduct research, and think independently.

This topic explores ways to effectively use proverbs in the educational process, especially in the native language, literature, and extracurricular activities. Proverbs serve as a means of enriching students' oral and written speech, deepening moral and educational concepts, instilling national values, and enlivening topics. It also highlights methods for developing students' thinking, analysis, and discussion skills through the use of proverbs in the lesson. The topic considers the criteria for selecting proverbs in the lesson, their combination with interactive methods, and the possibilities of using them in the integration of different subjects.  

This study investigates the pedagogical potential of language games and interactive activities in English language teaching (ELT). With the shift toward communicative and student-centered learning, educators increasingly rely on interactive methods to foster engagement, improve linguistic competence, and develop soft skills. Drawing on recent empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, this article explores how language games contribute to vocabulary acquisition, grammar retention, oral fluency, and learner motivation in EFL/ESL contexts. The findings suggest that games, when thoughtfully integrated into curricula, significantly enhance both cognitive and affective dimensions of language learning.

This article highlights the importance of teachers’ willingness to acquire new knowledge as a key meta-skill essential for lifelong learning and ongoing professional development. It examines adaptability in the face of rapid educational changes and uses a comprehensive methodology assessing emotional, motivational, cognitive, personal, and organizational readiness. The study emphasizes effective learning strategies, including planning, practical application, and habit formation, supported by neuroscientific findings. Continuous learning is identified as vital for teacher effectiveness and the advancement of modern education.

Electronic tenders (e-tenders) have become a cornerstone of public procurement reform in Uzbekistan, serving as tools to enhance transparency, efficiency, and economic policy goals. This article examines the legal regulation of e-tenders in the Republic of Uzbekistan, combining a theoretical analysis of the concept and principles of electronic tendering with a comparative assessment of international best practices from jurisdictions such as South Korea, the European Union, and the United States. It traces the evolution of Uzbekistan’s procurement legislation – notably the 2018 and 2021 public procurement laws – and how these reforms have progressively aligned national practice with global standards. The thesis highlight significant progress in digitising tender procedures and embedding principles like competition, openness, and sustainability into law.

Within the framework of the concept of modernizing Uzbek education, the issues of communicative teaching of the English language acquire special significance, since communicative competence is aimed at achieving practical results in mastering the English language, as well as at educating, training, and developing the student as a personality.

The article covers various information about the necessity of teaching intermediate level students corpus-based examples as well as the ways of how to teach them using COCA. Apart from that, the efficiency of corpus-based examples will be given throughout the article.

Auditning xalqaro standartlariga binoan auditor moliyaviy hisobotlarni tekshirish bilan bog‘liq  ahloqiy  va mustaqillik talablariga rioya qilishi lozim  (1.A14-A17).

Ushbu   maqolada   duduqlanuvchi bolalarning bilish jarayonlari – ya’ni idrok, e’tibor, xotira, tafakkur va nutq faoliyatining rivojlanishidagi o‘ziga xosliklar o‘rganiladi. Duduqlanuvchi bolaning holati, psixik rivojlanishiga, ayniqsa bilish faoliyatining shakllanishiga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishini aniqlash juda muhim hisoblanadi. Duduqlanuvchi bolalarda e’tiborning tarqoqligi, xotira hajmining qisqarishi, tafakkurda sekinlik va nutqiy muammolar bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan kognitiv cheklovlar kuzatilishi mumkin. Ishda shuningdek, duduqlanish muammosi mavjud bo‘lgan bolalarni o‘qitish va psixologik-pedagogik yondashuvlarda individual yondashuvning ahamiyati ta’kidlanadi.Bu maqolada logopedik va defektologik amaliyotda qo‘llanishi mumkin bo‘lgan tavsiyalarni o‘z ichiga oladi.

This article analyzes the legal foundations, types, causes, and social consequences of crimes committed due to negligence. It discusses the role of negligence as a subjective element of criminality, its importance in assessing criminal guilt, and its significance in establishing the blameworthiness of the offender.

This article examines the theoretical foundations of trade-related lexical units in English and Uzbek, forming the conceptual basis for broader research on their functional and translational features. Through a comparative linguistic approach, the study defines key concepts such as lexical units, terms, and domain-specific vocabulary, while also exploring their structural and semantic characteristics within trade discourse. Drawing upon terminology theory, functional linguistics, and cognitive metaphor theory, the research categorizes trade lexicon into core terms, metaphorical expressions, borrowed elements, and collocational units. Contributions by both Western and Uzbek linguists are critically assessed to highlight cross-linguistic patterns and divergences in terminology development. The findings underscore the importance of a scientifically grounded understanding of specialized vocabulary in facilitating effective communication and accurate translation in economic contexts.

Данная аннотация посвящена анализу стремительно растущей роли искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в трансформации различных сфер медицины. Рассматриваются ключевые направления применения ИИ-технологий, такие как: автоматизированный анализ медицинских изображений (рентген, КТ, МРТ, гистология) для повышения точности и скорости диагностики; обработка естественного языка (NLP) для извлечения ценной информации из электронных медицинских карт и научной литературы; разработка систем поддержки врачебных решений (CDSS) на основе предиктивной аналитики; ускорение открытия и разработки новых лекарственных препаратов; персонализация планов лечения на основе индивидуальных данных пациента; мониторинг состояния пациентов в реальном времени; а также оптимизация логистики клиник и управления ресурсами.

Mazkur ilmiy tezisda tijorat banklarining aktivlar portfeli sifatini oshirish, aktivlar bo‘yicha ehtimoliy yo‘qotishlar uchun zaxiralar shakllantirish jarayoni va bu jarayonning buxgalteriya hisobida aks ettirilish tizimi o‘rganiladi. Xalqaro moliyaviy hisobot standartlariga (IFRS) muvofiq “expected credit loss” (ECL) modelini joriy etish va bank aktivlarining risk darajasiga mos zaxiralar shakllantirishdagi amaliy muammolar tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, avtomatlashtirilgan skoring tizimlari va raqamli baholash algoritmlarini joriy etish orqali hisob-kitoblarni aniq yuritish imkoniyatlari asoslab beriladi.

Cerebrovascular disorders in preeclampsia are one of the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Modern approaches to the prediction and early diagnosis of these disorders include the use of methods such as ultrasound Dopplerography, magnetic resonance imaging, biomarkers and other innovative technologies. These methods allow timely detection of the threat of stroke, hypertensive crises and other complications, which helps to improve outcomes for women and their children. The article discusses the main achievements and prospects in this field.

The rent contract is one of the civil law contracts that is rarely used in practice. This article explores the current relevance, application, and role of the rent contract in civil relations in comparison with the legislation of foreign countries and provides proposals for improving our legislation.

This article examines the scientific and literary perspectives, as well as the aesthetic thinking of the author, expressed through the characters of Bulbul, Gul, and Sabo, who are the main protagonists in Salohi’s epic poem “Gul va bulbul” (The Flower and the Nightingale). Additionally, it presents certain viewpoints regarding the role these characters play in shaping the form and content of the work.

Ushbu maqolada Orolbo‘yi mintaqasida 2014–2023 yillarda qum-chang bo‘ronlarining (QChB) davomiyligi, chastotasi va intensivligi hududlar bo‘yicha taqqoslab o‘rganildi. Moynoq, Nukus va Qo‘ng‘irot hududlari bo‘yicha QChB kunlari soni, oylik intensivlik, maksimal davomiylik va meteorologik omillar bilan bog‘liqligi tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqot natijalari Moynoqda QChB chastotasi yuqori, Qo‘ng‘irotda davomiyligi eng uzun, Nukusda esa chastota past bo‘lsa ham ba’zida uzoq davom etishini ko‘rsatdi. Shamol tezligi va havo harorati oshganida QChB chastotasi va davomiyligi ortishi, yog‘ingarchilik kamayganida esa QChB ehtimoli oshishi aniqlandi. Tadqiqot natijalari QChB monitoringini takomillashtirish va prognozlash tizimlarini ishlab chiqish uchun ilmiy asos yaratadi.

Maqolada mamlakatimizda ayollar va bolalarning ma’naviy va intellektual salohiyatini oshirish, ularning sog‘lig‘ini mustahkamlash, oila, onalik va bolalikni muhofaza qilishning psixologik xususiyatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Zero, sog‘lom oilani shakllantirish orqali jamiyatda yuksak ma’naviy-axloqiy muhitni yaratish, oila mustahkamligini ta’minlash va uning manfaatlarini himoya qilish, sog‘lom bola tug‘ilishi va uning ye’tiborini oshirish masalalari diqqat markazida turibdi.

Today, the lifestyle of mankind, the increase in living conditions, social welfare, the improvement of working conditions, and the increase in annual income require the development of all sectors of society. In particular, in the manufacturing industry, the quality of the product and uniqueness, color, packaging, and long-term storage are highly valued by consumers, in addition to the shelf life. Food additives are actively used in industry on a large scale in order to fully meet the above requirements. In particular, artificially synthesized food dyes are attracting entrepreneurs with their low cost and stability. Artificial dyes, which are very convenient to use in industry and have many advantages, are completely replacing natural coloring agents. The fact that synthetic dyes available in the manufacturing industry seriously affect health indicators shows how urgent the issue is.

Ushbu maqolada Buxoro viloyatida xizmat ko‘rsatish sohasining muhim tarmoqlari bo‘lgan ta’lim, sog‘liqni saqlash va aviatsiya xizmatlarining holati tahlil qilinadi. Har bir yo‘nalish alohida o‘rganilib, ularning hududiy rivojlanishi, mavjud infratuzilma, kadrlar salohiyati, xizmatlar sifati hamda aholiga ko‘rsatgan ta’siri chuqur o‘rganiladi. Tadqiqot davomida davlat siyosatining ushbu tarmoqlarni modernizatsiya qilishdagi o‘rni, xizmatlar sektori ichidagi ulushi va bandlikka qo‘shgan hissasi aniqlanadi. Shuningdek, tarmoqlardagi hududiy nomutanosibliklar, resurslar yetishmovchiligi va strategik takomillashtirish yo‘llari asosli ravishda yoritiladi.

Maqolada zamonaviy raqamli muhitda bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarning media va axborot savodxonligini rivojlantirishning dolzarbligi yoritilgan. Axborot oqimining tezkorligi, dezinformatsiyaning kengayishi va raqamli xavfsizlik muammolari talabalarning tanqidiy fikrlashi, axborotni baholashi, shaxsiy ma’lumotlarini himoya qilishi hamda onlayn madaniyatga mos harakat qilishini talab qiladi. Maqolada talabalar egallashi kerak bo‘lgan asosiy kompetensiyalar — axborotga ehtiyojni aniqlash, ishonchli manbalarni tanlash, tanqidiy tahlil qilish, onlayn xavfsizlikni ta’minlash, etik muloqot yuritish, raqamli texnologiyalardan samarali foydalanish va sun’iy intellekt hamda OAV bilan ongli aloqada bo‘lish kabilar batafsil tahlil qilinadi. Shu orqali pedagogik ta’limda media va raqamli savodxonlikni tizimli joriy etishning zaruriyati asoslab beriladi.

Ushbu maqolada kognitiv yondashuv nuqtai nazaridan bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarning media savodxonligini shakllantirishning dolzarb masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Global raqamli muhitda axborot oqimining haddan ziyod ko‘pligi, dezinformatsiyaning kengayishi va sun’iy intellektning ta’sirining ortib borayotgani talabalarda tanqidiy fikrlash, ongli tahlil, raqamli xavfsizlik va axborotga nisbatan ongli munosabatni shakllantirishni taqozo etmoqda. Maqolada kognitiv yondashuvning nazariy asoslari asosida talabalar egallashi zarur bo‘lgan media savodxonlik kompetensiyalari — axborotga ehtiyojni aniqlash, tanqidiy baholash, axloqiy va madaniy kontekstdagi xatti-harakat, onlayn xavfsizlik, sun’iy intellekt va OAV bilan ongli aloqalar — chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, pedagogik ta’limda bu ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirishga xizmat qiluvchi metodik yondashuvlar ham ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Ushbu maqolada transformatsion pedagogik yondashuv asosida bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarning sun’iy intellekt (SI) savodxonligini shakllantirishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari yoritiladi. Raqamli axborot muhitida ta’lim oluvchilarning SI texnologiyalarini tanqidiy anglash, ularni o‘qituv jarayoniga maqsadli integratsiya qilish, hamda axloqiy va ijtimoiy jihatlarga doir kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish dolzarb vazifa sifatida qaralmoqda. Maqolada transformatsion o‘qitish modeli, interaktiv metodlar, raqamli laboratoriyalar hamda axloqiy refleksiya imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi.

Грамматические трансформации морфологического и синтаксического характера в художественном переводе могут быть вызваны различными лексическими и грамматическими причинами в силу того, что языковые системы отличаются друг от друга не только лексикой, но и грамматикой.

This article examines the educational vision and justice-centered philosophy of Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov, a leading figure of the Jadid movement in Central Asia. By emphasizing the need for educational reform, he advocated for equity, national identity, and the integration of modern sciences with traditional values. Through a historical and analytical approach, the article demonstrates how his progressive ideas continue to influence educational discourse today.

Hozirgi kunda ilmiy-texnik taraqqiyot tabiy resurslar istemolining shiddatli usishi bilan bir vaqtda ishlab chiqarish chiqindilarining koʻpayishiga sabab boʻlmoqda va bu chiqindilardan oqilona foydalanish unumli ishlab chiqarish, atrof muhitni himoya qilish va texnogen chiqindilardan foydalanish sohasida yangi qayta ishlash usullari bilan zich holatda bogʻlangan.

Ushbu ilmiy-ma'rifiy maqola Amir Temurning harbiy yurishlari va ularning tarixiy ahamiyatiga bag'ishlangan. Maqolada Temurning Sharq, Shimol, G'arb va Hindistonga qilgan yurishlari alohida bo'limlar asosida batafsil yoritilgan. har bir yurishning sabablari,maqsadlari va oqibatlari tahlil qilinadi. Ayniqsa, Temurning Usmonli sultoni Boyazid Yildirim ustidan qozongan g'alabasi, Dehli yurishi va Kavkazorti ekspeditsiyalari keng yoritilgan.

Tunnel syndromes of the upper extremities represent a group of compression-ischemic neuropathies caused by compression of peripheral nerves in anatomically narrow spaces. This pathology occupies a leading position in the structure of occupational diseases of the nervous system, comprising up to 35-40% of all cases of peripheral nerve damage in working-age individuals. Epidemiological studies in recent years indicate a steady increase in the incidence of tunnel syndromes, which is associated with changes in the nature of work activity, an increase in the proportion of work requiring prolonged static tension of the muscles of the hand and forearm, as well as the widespread introduction of computer technologies in professional activities. The most common forms are carpal tunnel syndrome (median nerve compression), cubital tunnel syndrome (ulnar nerve compression), and Guyon's canal syndrome. According to international statistical data, the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome is 1-3 cases per 1000 population per year, with women suffering 3-5 times more often than men.

Ushbu maqolada yashil energiya tizimlarining asosiy fizik prinsiplari yoritilib, ularning maktab darsliklariga samarali integratsiyasi masalalari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Quyosh, shamol, gidro va boshqa qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalarining ishlash mexanizmlari fizik qonunlar asosida tushuntiriladi. Shuningdek, maktablarda yashil energiya mavzusini o‘qitishdagi mavjud muammolar va ularni hal qilish yo‘llari, o‘qituvchilarning malakasini oshirish, darsliklarni yangilash va amaliy mashg‘ulotlarni joriy etish bo‘yicha takliflar keltirilgan. Maqola yosh avlodda ekologik ongni shakllantirish va barqaror energiya rivojlanishiga hissa qo‘shish maqsadida ta’lim jarayonida yashil energiya sohasini keng joriy etish zarurligini ta’kidlaydi.

Tozalagich ishchi organlari va yuritish mexanizmlari bikrlik-dissipativ kordinatalarini, elektr yuritgich mexanik harakteristikasi, texnologik qarshiliklarini inobatga olgan holda difrensial tenglamalar sistemasi olingan, yechimi asosida harakat qonunlari aniqlangan, parametrlarning tavsiya qiymatlari olingan.

В настоящее время цифровые технологии широко используются в образовательном процессе. Особенно эффективно в развитии умственной активности, внимания, памяти и критического мышления студентов проявляют себя игры, основанные на нейротехнологиях (нейроигры). В данной работе рассматриваются современные виды нейроигр, их влияние на когнитивные способности студентов, а также интеграция в учебный процесс. В исследовании на основе экспериментов, наблюдений и анкетирования обоснована роль нейроигр в развитии учебной мотивации, способности к самостоятельному мышлению в проблемных ситуациях, быстрому и правильному принятию решений.