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PECULIARITIES OF ADJECTIVES IN FRENCH LANGUAGE
Nilufar Juraeva
Assistant professor, PhD
French Philology Department
Bukhara State University
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4676
Khazratova Farangiz
Student of Bukhara State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14948485
Annotation:
An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun.
Adjective expresses the quality, characteristic, or feature of a thing, object, or
person. Adjectives are an important part of speech in any language, including
French. This article discusses the specific features of adjectives in French
language.
Keywords:
adjective, quality, noun, pronoun, masculine, feminine, singular,
plural, size, shape, weight, color, nationality, types of adjectives, les adjectifs
épithètes, les adjectifs attributs, formation, placement.
Introduction.
Adjectives (les adjectifs) describe the qualities and
characteristics of a noun, they describe how someone or something is. They
always accompany the noun they describe, and the endings of
an adjective always agree with the noun in terms of gender (masculine or
feminine) and number (singular or plural).
Adjectives are a type of modifier, that is, they modify or describe nouns in a
certain way, letting us know the size, shape, weight, color, nationality, or any of a
myriad other possible qualities of nouns. Characteristics of French Adjectives:
a)
modify nouns;
b)
must agree in gender and number with nouns;
c)
usually follow nouns;
d)
may be modified by adverbs;
e)
gender and number of French adjectives.
French adjectives can have up to four forms, according to the gender and
number of the nouns they modify:
masculine singular
Masculine plural
feminine singular
feminine plural
Examples:
le stylo bleu
(masculine singular)
une femme gentille
(feminine singular)
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des jardins bien entretenus
(masculine plural)
les rues françaises
(feminine plural)
Main part.
In this article, we will discuss the peculiarities of the adjectives
in the French language.
Types of French adjectives.
In French, there are two types of adjectives:
les
adjectifs épithètes
and
les adjectifs attributs.
L’adjectif épithète
is an adjective that refers directly to a noun and usually
comes after the noun it describes (although sometimes they come before). These
adjectives cannot be separated by another word.
Examples:
Il faut aérer les pièces humides.
Regarde ce petit chat!
L’adjectif attribut
also describes the qualities and characteristics of a noun,
however it always appears together with a stative verb. The noun being
described is the subject of the sentence and the adjective comes after the verb.
The French stative verbs are: être, paraître, sembler, devenir, demeurer, rester,
avoir l’air, passer pour. Examples:
Les élèves sont silencieux aujourd’hui.
Ce fauteuil a l’air confortable.
Formation.
Generally, the feminine adjective is formed by adding an
e
and
the plural adjective is formed by adding
s:
Gender
Singular
Plural
Masculine intelligent intelligents
Feminine intelligente intelligentes
If the masculine singular ends in
e:
do not change feminine, add an
s
for plural:
Gender
Singular Plural
Masculine timide
timides
Feminine
timide
timides
If the masculine singular adjective ends in an
s,
add an e for feminine
and
s
for feminine plural, but do not add an
s
for masculine plural:
Gender
Singular
Plural
Masculine français
français
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Gender
Singular
Plural
Feminine
française françaises
Two other common changes occur with adjectives ending in
f
and
x.
If the
masculine singular adjective ends in
f,
then it changes to
ve
in the feminine:
Gender
Singular
Plural
Masculine
actif
actifs
Feminine
active
actives
If the masculine singular adjective ends in
x,
then it changes to
se
in the
feminine (but remains x in the masculine plural):
Gender
Singular
Plural
Masculine
heureux
heureux
Feminine
heureuse
heureuses
Placement.
In French, most adjectives come after the noun, unlike in
English where the adjective precedes the noun:
Un garçon intelligent / An intelligent boy
However, some adjectives are placed before the noun:
Un petit garçon / A small boy
The following are adjectives commonly placed before the noun:
French
English
Un beau livre.
A beautiful book.
Un bon professeur.
A good professor.
Un grand ordinateur.
A big computer.
Un gros dictionnaire.
A fat dictionary.
Une jeune fille.
A young girl.
Un mauvais étudiant.
A bad student
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Conclusion.
Adjectives are a part of speech that express the characteristics or features
of a noun. An adjective primarily conveys the attribute of a subject or, to some
extent, an action. The concept of an attribute includes features such as character,
color, taste, shape, and size, among others. For example, in the phrases “green
tree”, “big house”, “fast running”, the words “green”, “big” and “fast” function as
adjectives. In French, adjectives agree in both number (singular or plural) and
gender (masculine or feminine) with the noun or pronoun they modify. For
regular adjectives, the masculine form is the base form to which endings are
added.
A deeper study of the unique grammatical and semantic aspects of adjectives in
French language helps to better understand their role and significance within
the language systems.
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Un nouveau sac à dos.
A new backpack.
Un petit garçon.
A small boy.
