Том 4 № 11 (2025)

Ushbu maqolada yoshlar bilan ishlash tizimi, bu jarayonda ta’lim va tarbiyaning madaniy asoslari, ko‘plab olimlarning ta’lim va tarbiya xususidagi konsepsiyalari, bildirgan fikr va nazariyalar aks ettirilgan.

В данной статье приведены лабораторные исследования по подбору добавок для получения облегченных тампонажных растворов. При проведении лабораторных исследований нами использованы облегчающие добавки, имеющиеся в нашей Республике. Лабораторные исследования проводились в АО «НГИС» находящийся Кашкадарьинской область город Касан, с использованием анализа отработанный алюмооксидный реагент, привезенный в ООО «ШГКМ».

Mazkur maqolada ijtimoiy normalar va sanktsiyalar tushunchasi hamda ularning jamiyatdagi funksional ahamiyati keng yoritiladi. Ijtimoiy normalar – jamiyat a’zolari tomonidan qabul qilingan va ularga rioya qilish majburiy bo‘lgan yozma yoki yozma bo‘lmagan qoidalar tizimi sifatida talqin etiladi. Ushbu normalar shaxslararo munosabatlarni tartibga solish, ijtimoiy barqarorlikni ta’minlash va jamiyatda tartib-intizomni shakllantirishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related complication leading to development of acute hypertensive condition that still continues to be a major concern for Obstetricians. Platelets play a key role in its pathogenesis since their activation leads to increased consumption and abnormal values, which can be used as markers of disease progression. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) are also the most important markers of platelet heterogeneity. Elevated MPV reflects the size of more active larger platelets, and elevated PDW reflects enhanced platelet heterogeneity, both of which have been linked to vascular function in preeclampsia. Although the platelet indices have been mentioned in the context of hypertensive disorders, there is still no finding of how they forecast severity and complications in PE.

Qadriyat - voqelikdagi muayyan hodisalarning umuminsoniy, ijtimoiy axloqiy, madaniy ma’naviy ahamiyatini ko‘rsatish uchun qo‘llanadigan tushuncha. Inson va insoniyat uchun ahamiyatli bo‘lgan barcha narsalar, masalan, erkinlik, tinchlik, adolat, ijtimoiy tenglik, ma’rifat, haqiqat, yaxshilik, go‘zallik, moddiy va ma’naviy boyliklar, an’ana, urf-odat va boshqalar qadriyatlar hisoblanadi. Ijtimoiy fanlarning qaysi sohasida qadriyatga doir tadqiqot olib borilgan bo‘lsa, bu tushunchaga shu jihatdan ta’rif berishga intilishgan. Holbuki qadriyat aksiologiyaga xos kategoriyadir.

Аутоиммунные заболевания (АИЗ) представляют собой группу патологий, характеризующихся нарушением иммунологической толерантности и атакой иммунной системы на собственные ткани организма. Селезёнка играет ключевую роль в иммунорегуляции, фильтрации крови и разрушении аномальных клеток, что делает её важным органом в патогенезе АИЗ (Bronte & Pittet, 2013). Морфологические изменения селезёнки при данных заболеваниях включают спленомегалию, лимфоидную гиперплазию и нарушения архитектоники, которые могут способствовать хронизации воспаления и аутоагрессии. Несмотря на значительный прогресс в изучении АИЗ, детальный анализ морфологических изменений селезёнки остаётся недостаточно освещённым.

The scientific article describes methodologies of innovative activities of the country economy and development and finance of innovation  in the Republic Uzbekistan. Moreover, the ways of development of innovation are presented as well.

Mazkur tezisda kardiovaskulyar kasalliklar, ularning rivojlanish sabablarini tahlil qilish va oldini olish usullari o'rganilgan. Kardiovaskulyar kasalliklar dunyo bo'ylab o'limning asosiy sabablaridan biri bo'lib, yurak va qon tomirlarining turli patologik holatlarini o'z ichiga oladi. Tezistagi asosiy e'tibor kardiovaskulyar kasalliklarning rivojlanishiga ta'sir etuvchi risk omillarini aniqlash, erta tashxis qo'yish va oldini olish choralarini ko'rishga qaratilgan. Shuningdek, sog'lom turmush tarzini olib borish, jismoniy faollikni oshirish va sog'lom ovqatlanish kabi profilaktik choralar hamda zamonaviy davolash usullari haqida ma'lumot berilgan.

Factors affecting the financial and economic development of enterprises are crucial, as they directly influence either the growth or the economic downturn of an enterprise. This article examines key influencing factors such as macroeconomic conditions, access to financial resources, production and technological factors, human capital, and labor market conditions.

This articles examines some economic models used in ecology, as well as factors of sustainable development of agroecosystems.

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a critical research area aimed at enhancing transparency, trust, and accountability in AI systems. As machine learning algorithms, particularly deep learning models, become increasingly complex, their decision-making processes often resemble "black boxes," leaving end-users and stakeholders in the dark about how certain outcomes are derived. This paper explores the significance of XAI, its methodologies, and its role in critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems. We analyze existing frameworks, discuss challenges in implementation, and present future directions for research and deployment.

This article examines Project-Based Learning (PBL) as a powerful tool for improving English speaking skills. It contrasts traditional methods with PBL's constructivist approach, highlighting how PBL fosters active communication through authentic projects. Emphasizing authenticity, autonomy, collaboration, and reflection, the article explains how these principles enhance fluency and confidence. It details how authentic tasks, like presentations and simulations, create real-world language use. Student autonomy drives independent practice, while collaboration encourages peer learning and feedback. Reflection promotes self-assessment and improvement. The article argues that PBL cultivates effective communicators by creating engaging, student-centered learning environments. It advocates for PBL's integration into curricula to equip learners with essential communication skills for a globalized world.

Maqolada, yangi O‘zbekistonda ta’lim tizimida amalga oshirilgan islohotlar va ularning muhandislik grafikasi fanlari orqali fazoviy tasavvurni rivojlantirishdagi o‘rni tahlil etiladi. Maqola metodik yondashuvlarning samaradorligini ko‘rsatish bilan birga, amaliy tajribalar va kelajakda ushbu sohada yuzaga keladigan istiqbollarni ham muhokama qiladi

Ushbu maqolada o'quvchi yoshlar o'rtasida karate sport turini rivojlantirishda mahalliy sport tadbirlarining ahamiyati va uning ta'siri tahlil qilingan. Maqolada mahalliy sport tadbirlarining yoshlarni karate bilan shug'ullanishga jalb qilishdagi, ular orasida sog'lom turmush tarzini targ'ib qilishdagi hamda professional sport malakalarini rivojlantirishdagi roli ko'rib chiqilgan. Adabiyotlar tahlili asosida mahalliy sport tadbirlari karate sporti rivojlanishining muhim omili ekanligi aniqlangan. Maqolada karate bo'yicha mahalliy sport tadbirlarini tashkil etish va o'tkazishni takomillashtirish bo'yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Oʻzbekistonda ta’lim sohasida amalga oshirilayotgan izchil islohotlar, ularning mazmun-mohiyati va istiqbollari tahlil etiladi. Xususan, so'nggi yillarda rivojlanayotgan ta’lim tizimida fanlararo integratsiya jarayonining ahamiyati ochib beriladi. Chizmachilik fanini boshqa fanlar bilan integrativ yondashuv asosida oʻqitishning samaradorligi va integrativ yondashuvning oʻquvchilarning ijodiy fikrlashi, texnik bilim va koʻnikmalarini shakllantirishdagi oʻrni haqida yoritilgan. Maqolada integratsion oʻqitish metodlarining nazariy va amaliy jihatlari, ularning oʻquv jarayoniga tatbiq etilishi boʻyicha ilgʻor tajribalar hamda kelajakdagi rivojlanish istiqbollari yoritiladi. Olingan natijalar fan va ta’lim integratsiyasi orqali ta’lim sifatini oshirishga qaratilgan amaliy tavsiyalar bilan boyitiladi.

In an era of rapid technological advancement and globalization, proficiency in English has become a necessity for professionals across diverse disciplines. For students in non-philological fields, acquiring domain-specific terminology is not merely an academic requirement but a crucial factor in ensuring their effective participation in professional discourse. A meticulously structured system of exercises designed to reinforce technical vocabulary plays a pivotal role in fostering language retention, contextual comprehension, and practical application.

The French language is composed of eight primary parts of speech, each essential to sentence structure and meaning. These include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, articles, prepositions, and conjunctions. This article explores the characteristics of word groups in the French language.

This article analyzes the linguistic and cultural role of a number of female names, such as Barchin, Oyparcha, Layli, and Uzumkoz, in fiction and in our society. Opinions are expressed about the meanings of the names and their linguistic and cultural characteristics. 

Варикоцеле — одна из ведущих причин мужского бесплодия, характеризующаяся патологическим расширением вен лозовидного сплетения яичка. Этот процесс приводит к нарушению местного кровообращения, гипоксии тканей, перегреву яичек и, как следствие, оксидативному стрессу, оказывающему негативное влияние на сперматогенез. В настоящее время хирургическое вмешательство остаётся основным методом лечения заболевания. Однако растёт интерес к альтернативным подходам, включая медикаментозную коррекцию с использованием антиоксидантов. Данный метод направлен на снижение уровня оксидативного стресса и улучшение параметров спермы. В рамках настоящего исследования была изучена эффективность антиоксидантной терапии у пациентов с варикоцеле различных стадий.

Бактериальный вагиноз (БВ) – одно из наиболее распространённых нарушений вагинальной микробиоты, характеризующееся снижением Lactobacillus spp. и преобладанием анаэробных бактерий, таких как Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Mobiluncus spp. Это состояние может негативно влиять на фертильность, изменяя pH влагалища, снижая подвижность сперматозоидов и вызывая хроническое воспаление эндометрия [1].

To study the impact of sleep disturbances caused by asthenic syndrome on students' quality of life, statistical analysis was conducted. Astenic syndrome is the weakening of a physical and mental state that can negatively impact a student's psychological and physical health. In particular, sleep disturbances significantly affect the student's daily activities, learning process, and personal life.

Фольклор, являясь важнейшей частью культурного наследия народов, представляет собой уникальное средство воспитания и образования. В статье рассматривается значение народного творчества в формировании мировоззрения молодёжи, его роль в сохранении культурных традиций и передаче ценностей через поколения. Особое внимание уделено анализу использования фольклора в современных образовательных подходах и методах работы с молодёжью.

Использование интерактивных методов в преподавании предмета «Воспитание» в начальных классах имеет большое значение для эффективного усвоения материала и формирования у детей навыков взаимодействия и сотрудничества.

Tо‘qimachilik mahsulotlari ichida eng katta ulushga ega bu tо‘qimachilik iplari hisoblanadi. Ip yigirish jarayonlari ketma-ketligi kо‘p texnika va texnologiyalarni talab etishi bilan murakkab hisoblanadi. Maqolada hossa va hususiyatlari yuqori bо‘lgan trikotaj iplari ishlab chiqarish bо‘yicha izlanishlar tahlili keltirilgan.

Ушбу мақолада фуқаролик ишлари бўйича судлар қарорлари асосида вояга етмаганлар фойдасига алимент ундируви соҳасида қонун устуворлигини таъминлаш, фарзандлар олдидаги мажбуриятларни бажаришга кўмаклашувчи ҳуқуқий механизмларни жорий этиш жараёнидаги мавжуд муаммолар таҳлил қилинган. Жазони ижро этиш муассасидан озод қилинган маҳкумларнинг жамиятга қайта қўшилишини таъминлаш,  қарздорларни соғлиғидаги муаммоларга кўра меҳнат қилиш имкониятини инобатга олиш, фуқароларнинг меҳнатга лаёқатсизлик ёки касаллик даврида республика ўртача иш ҳақидан келиб чиқиб алимент ҳисоблаш у учун тўловлар миқдорининг асоссиз ўсишини олдини олиш, алимент миқдорини ҳисоблашда "бола ҳаёт кечириши минимуми" кўрсаткичидан фойдаланиш бўйича таклифлар ишлаб чиқилган.

Maqolada elektron resurslardan foydalanishda mualliflik huquqlarini hurmat qilishning ahamiyati, kutubxonalarda elektron resurslardan foydalanishning afzalliklari va qonuniy jihatlari ko'rib chiqiladi. Mualliflik huquqining asosiy tamoyillari, elektron resurslardan foydalanishda duch kelinadigan muammolar va ularni hal qilish usullari yoritilgan. Maqola kutubxonalar, ta'lim muassasalari va shaxslar uchun elektron resurslardan qonuniy va samarali foydalanish bo'yicha amaliy tavsiyalar beradi.

This article discusses the Rubob. Its unique features and rich history arehighlighted, emphasizing the special importance of teaching Rubob. Attention is given to the methods of teaching Rubob, with a focus on the initial stage.

"Nasoyim ul-muhabbat" – bu ilk turkiy tazkira (biografik va adabiy antologiya) boʻlib, u XIV asrda yozilgan. Asar muallifi – mashhur tasavvuf shoiri va mutasavvifi Alisher Navoiy. Ushbu tazkirada Navoiy turli shoir va avliyolar haqida maʼlumotlar keltirib, ularning hayoti, ijodi va tasavvufiy qarashlari haqida soʻz yuritadi. Asarning asosiy mavzusi – muhabbat (ishq) va tasavvufdir. Navoiy bu asar orqali oʻz davrining mashhur shoir va avliyolarining hayoti va ijodini abadiylashtirishga harakat qilgan."Nasoyim ul-muhabbat" tazkirasida Navoiy oʻzidan oldingi va zamondosh shoirlarning sheʼrlari, ularning tasavvufiy qarashlari va ularning Allohga boʻlgan muhabbati haqida hikoya qiladi. Asar oʻzbek va fors adabiyotining boy merosini oʻrganishda muhim manba hisoblanadi. Shuningdek, u turkiy xalqlar madaniyati va adabiyotining rivojlanishida katta rol oʻynagan.

This study examines key concepts in foreign language education and their linguodidactic interpretation. The research explores competency-based, communicative, interactive, linguocultural, and task-based learning approaches, analyzing their implementation and effectiveness. Findings suggest that modern linguodidactic methodologies enhance communication skills, cultural awareness, and real-life language application, contributing to more effective foreign language learning.

O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyotida davlat korxonalari muhim o‘rin tutib, turli sohalarda ustunlik qiladi va asosiy iqtisodiy mahsulot ishlab chiqaruvchilaridan biri hisoblanadi. Biroq, ularning moliyaviy samaradorligi bahsli masala bo‘lib qolmoqda. Ushbu tadqiqot O‘zbekistondagi davlat korxonalarining likvidlik, rentabellik, qarzdorlik darajasi va operatsion samaradorligini tahlil qiladi. Xalqaro taqqoslashlar asosida tadqiqot davlat boshqaruvi sifati, menejment samaradorligi hamda davlat subsidiyalarining ta’sirini o‘rganadi. Tadqiqot xulosalariga ko‘ra, davlat korxonalarining moliyaviy barqarorligini oshirish uchun boshqaruv islohotlarini amalga oshirish, shaffoflikni yaxshilash va xususiy sektor ishtirokini kengaytirish zarur.

Polyglots, who speak multiple languages fluently, frequently switch between languages in different contexts. This study explores how polyglots manage cognitive load when multitasking and whether their ability to switch languages affects their executive function. The study uses cognitive load theory and executive function research to examine how polyglots allocate mental resources while juggling multiple linguistic systems. Through experiments involving dual-task performance tests, brain imaging (EEG or fMRI), and self-assessment surveys, this research aims to determine whether polyglots have an advantage in multitasking compared to monolinguals and bilinguals. The findings could contribute to a deeper understanding of multilingual cognition and have implications for language learning and artificial intelligence.

Mazkur maqolada oʻzbek va ingliz tillaridagi paremiologik birliklar - maqollar, matallar va iboralarning tuzilishi, semantik jihatlari hamda madaniy xususiyatlari tahlil etiladi. Maqollarning xalq tafakkuridagi oʻrni va ularning lingvistik tuzilishi oʻrganilib, oʻzaro qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida oʻzbek va ingliz maqollari oʻrtasidagi oʻxshashlik va farqlar aniqlanib, ularning madaniy va tarixiy ildizlari oʻrganiladi. Natijalar shuni koʻrsatadiki, ayrim maqollar umumiy axloqiy tushunchalarni aks ettirsa, boshqalari esa milliy qadriyatlar va tarixiy voqealar bilan bog‘liqdir.

Communication plays a central role in shaping a person's Identity, hence it is key to establish a connection with others. This research explores the way of communication among humans when the shared language is unavailable. Clearly, the researcher explains some methods to communicate without shared language. These strategies are non-verbal communication, visual aids, and simplified language. The process of communicating through these alternatives is also depicted in this research work. Historical examples are provided to prove the use of methods below because history can be the primary model to explain the process. People easily can adopt the new circumstances, so the author analyzes the practice of these three approaches. This research explains an exploration of how these approaches continue to be relevant in the modern, technologically advanced world.

Ushbu maqolada o’smirlik davrida psixik hayot sohasida bo’ladigan o’zgarishlar,bola psixikasining rivojlanish xususiyatlari,o’smirlik davrining asosiy muammolari va ushbu davrda bola bilan munosabatlar haqida ma’lumot berilgan.

It is obvious that effective communication is a crucial tool in international relations, and the English language has become one of the most widely used languages in diplomacy and it is influencing international negotiations, political discourse, and global governance. This research work explores the historical evolution of English as a diplomatic language, its benefits and negative effects, and its future role in international communication. The research not only talks about how English enhances communication efficiency, but also points out concerns about linguistic hegemony and marginalization. Also, this paper argues that even though English remains the major language of diplomacy, multilingual approaches are considered an essential part of global diplomacy. The findings are based on real-world examples and international policies.

Surunkali kasalliklar uzoq davom etuvchi va odatda to‘liq davolash imkoni bo‘lmagan holatlar bo‘lib, ularning boshqarilishi ko‘p jihatdan dorilarning doimiy va to‘g‘ri qabul qilinishiga bog‘liq. Ushbu maqolada surunkali kasalliklarda dori vositalarining muntazam qo‘llanilishining ahamiyati, ularning organizmga ta’siri va noto‘g‘ri qabul qilinishi oqibatlari yoritiladi. Shuningdek, dorilarni rejali ravishda iste’mol qilishning bemor hayot sifatiga ta’siri va shifokor tavsiyalariga qat’iy rioya qilish zarurligi muhokama qilinadi.

Mazkur maqolada bo‘lajak boshlang‘ich sinf o‘qituvchilarining ijodiy faoliyatni tashkil etishga tayyorlashda yuzaga keluvchi mavjud qiyinchilik va muammolar hamda ularni hal etish yo‘llari bayon etilgan.

Mazkur ilmiy tezisda tijorat banklari tomonidan kichik biznes subyektlarini moliyalashtirish amaliyoti tahlil qilinib, uning samaradorligini oshirish yo‘llari taklif etiladi. Kichik biznesning iqtisodiyotdagi roli, moliyalashtirishdagi mavjud muammolar va ularni hal etish strategiyalari o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, tijorat banklarining kreditlash jarayonlarini takomillashtirish, risklarni boshqarish hamda innovatsion moliyaviy mahsulotlardan foydalanish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijasida kichik biznesni moliyalashtirish samaradorligini oshirishga qaratilgan ilmiy-amaliy taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqiladi.

В статье анализируются психологические детерминанты восприятия информации в социальных сетях на основе сравнительных подходов, а также подробно описываются конкретные психологические интерпретации восприятия текста.

В статье рассматриваются психологические аспекты получения информации в социальных сетях. Также раскрывается психологическое воздействие социальных сетей на людей и подчеркиваются различия между принятием и пониманием.

In the context of the active development of renewable energy sources (RES) in Uzbekistan, particularly solar energy, the issues of standardization and safety of photovoltaic systems (PV systems) have become critically important. Uzbekistan aims to increase the share of RES in its energy balance to 40% by 2025, which requires the adoption of international standards such as IEC 61215, IEC 61730, IEC 62446, and EN 50583, taking into account national climatic and technical characteristics. This article provides an analysis of key international standards, their adaptation to the conditions of Uzbekistan, and recommendations for improving the safety, reliability, and efficiency of PV systems. The main focus is on the integration of international standards into the national regulatory framework, which promotes the development of sustainable energy, reduces carbon emissions, and attracts international investments.