The Indus Valley Civilization, once thriving and enigmatic, underwent a profound transformation that ushered in the Vedic Era. This paper delves into the enigmatic decline of this ancient civilization, exploring the factors that led to its demise and the subsequent emergence of Vedic culture. Drawing upon archaeological, historical, and textual evidence, we investigate the complex interplay of ecological changes, cultural shifts, and external influences that shaped this transition. By unraveling these echoes of a lost civilization, we gain insights into the intricate tapestry of ancient India's evolution.
Kenoyer, J. M. (1998). Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization. Oxford University Press.
Possehl, G. L. (2002). The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective. AltaMira Press.
Witzel, M. (2005). "Indocentrism." In Bryant, E. (Ed.), The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History. Routledge.
Frawley, D. (1991). The Myth of the Aryan Invasion of India. Voice of India.
Erdosy, G. (Ed.). (1995). The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture, and Ethnicity. Walter de Gruyter.
Rigveda, translated by Ralph T. H. Griffith.
Shukla, S. D. (2003). Vedic Civilization. Discovery Publishing House.
Upinder Singh. (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Education India.
Rao, Shikaripura Ranganatha. (1985). Dawn and Devolution of the Indus Civilization. Aditya Prakashan.