Иқтисодиётни рақамлаштириш
шароитида қулай ишбилармонлик
муҳитини ривожлантириш йўналишлари
188
PRESENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF LOGISTICS IN
AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES MANAGEMENT IN UZBEKISTAN
Kholikova Rukhsora,
PhD, acting Associate Professor,
Tashkent State University of Economics
Abstract.
A current state and prospects of logistics in agro-industrial complex
was analyzed and found in the article. The authors
’
vision of forming a system of
logistics complex and its capabilities in ensuring effective supply chains of
agricultural products is considered. Furthermore, there are some recommendations
provided for improving the quality of logistics services in management of enterprises
of agro-industrial complex of Uzbekistan.
Keywords:
logistics, agro-industrial complex, agricultural development,
logistics infrastructure, cotton growing.
The implementation of logistics approaches to managing the distribution of
goods has become very important at present stage of development of national
economy. Over the past few years, the domestic market for logistics services has
significantly advanced and continues to grow rapidly in space and time.
Therefore, the effective management of transportation of agricultural products is
of particular importance and relevance.
As a result of structural reforms carried out in Uzbekistan aimed at
developing the economy of the republic, increasing production and exports of
products, increasing foreign trade and foreign economic activity of economic
entities of agro-industrial complex of Uzbekistan is observed in the country.
As stated in the Speech of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Shavkat Mirziyoyev to Oliy Majlis, it is necessary to take measures to improve our
position in the World Bank Logistics Performance Index. Uzbekistan ranked
117th in Logistics Performance Index among 168 countries in 2020. It shows that
the country needs to make significant and persistent efforts to improve its
position in near future.
An agro-industrial complex as a complex of interrelated industries cannot
be imagined without a systematic approach, which is a fundamental principle of
logistics.
An agro-industrial complex (AIC) is a set of sectors of country economy,
including agriculture and industries closely related to agricultural production,
which transport, store, process agricultural products, supply them to consumers;
provide agriculture with machinery, chemicals and fertilizers; serve agricultural
production. Thus, when studying agribusiness, from the point of view of logistics,
one should proceed from the following provisions:
Иқтисодиётни рақамлаштириш
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муҳитини ривожлантириш йўналишлари
189
–
logistical structure of agro-industrial complex should be considered as a
complex system with a number of subsystems (infrastructures);
–
each subsystem of agro-industrial complex has its own functional
purpose, reflecting its internal interests;
–
functioning of agricultural logistics system is a process of interaction
between these subsystems, the purpose of which is optimal combination of the
interests of individual subsystems and system as a whole.
Today, managers use four main areas of logistics management. It includes
the minimum total cost strategy, the maximum level of customer service, the
strategy of maximum competitive advantage and strategy of maximizing short-
term profits. All tasks of the enterprise should be interconnected. That is why
organizations are encouraged to use a comprehensive, consistent and integrated
approach based on principles of logistics.
In our opinion, agribusiness logistics can be defined as a science and
practice of managing economic flows in the areas of production, distribution,
exchange and consumption of agricultural products, including resource support
for agribusiness and marketing of finished products of the complex in order to
meet best needs of population and national economy in agricultural raw materials
and its processed products.
Logistics system in agro-industrial complex should include the following
types of services:
reception and primary processing;
laboratory control;
cutting;
treatment;
cooling, freezing;
storage;
package;
transport.
However, in management and organization of production in agro-industrial
complex, there are some problems that prevent timely functionalization of all
sectors of the complex. For example, at present, the existing logistics at all stages
of technological process of growing, processing and delivering cotton seeds and
raw materials is extremely inefficient. The following shortcomings in cotton
growing technology can be singled out: backward technologies for growing and
harvesting products in some regions of the republic; inefficient vehicles, many
passes of equipment across the field, high fuel costs and loss of production; high
energy costs for drying cotton seeds; inefficient storage methods leading to
product wastage; numerous sorting and transshipment of products, as well as
expensive multi-level delivery system and associated costs of energy, labor and
loss of production.
Иқтисодиётни рақамлаштириш
шароитида қулай ишбилармонлик
муҳитини ривожлантириш йўналишлари
190
Today, about 10 companies work in the field of agrologistics in the Republic
of Uzbekistan, several agroclusters have begun their activities. At the same time,
it is easier for agricultural holdings and agricultural clusters to implement
logistical approaches, since they have greater financial opportunities associated
with the use of funds from parent companies with their own banking institutions,
credit unions and ability to attract foreign capital.
It should also be noted that agricultural agro-clusters are often engaged in
both cultivation of agricultural products and their processing and food
production. Under such conditions, it becomes possible to introduce logistics
systems and approaches to inventory management between supplier
–
manufacturer
–
consumer.
Detailed logistics systems for livestock, crop production, poultry farming
and personal subsidiary plots are needed for effective use of logistics in
agriculture.
At the level of individual enterprise or locality, it is necessary to evaluate
the efficiency of supply, production and marketing of finished products, as well as
relationship of these functions with each other. The main attention should be paid
to the problem of optimizing internal flows. This is due to fragmentation of
production sites or agricultural areas in space and significant distances from the
places of residence of employees of large enterprises to their workplaces.
Domestic transportation includes delivery of seeds, fuel and lubricants to the
fields, movement of tractors and combines across the field, delivery of finished
products to warehouses.
Today, the development of processing industry of agro-industrial complex
and infrastructure in general is in particular demand. The creation of only one job
in fruit and vegetable canning industry will provide jobs for 5-6 agricultural
workers.
Speaking about logistics of agro-industrial complex, one should not forget
about institutional environment and flows. Institutions as a set of formal and
informal rules of functioning have a decisive influence on the object in relation to
what they are accepted for.
In conclusion, we can say with confidence that logistics has every
opportunity to assist agriculture, increase its efficiency and bring its products
closer to consumers. This requires the attention of the government to this
problem, the involvement of science in the development of effective solutions and
the training of specialists in the field of agricultural logistics. It is concluded that
logistics has a great potential for increasing productivity and reducing costs,
however, the use of logistics requires the attention of state, stimulating the
involvement of science in the development of effective solutions and professional
training of specialists in the field of agricultural logistics.
Иқтисодиётни рақамлаштириш
шароитида қулай ишбилармонлик
муҳитини ривожлантириш йўналишлари
191
References
1.
Speech of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to Oliy Majlis on
December 29, 2020. http://www.press-service.uz.
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–
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–
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