Digital technologies and law
Digital technologies and law
46
Conclusion.
The most convincing and pronounced trends, according to the process
of unambiguous dominance of which the formation of key units of the conceptual
and categorical apparatus takes place in the course of securing the legal status of an
individual in the digital environment, consists, first of all, in the rapid advance of rapidly
developing technologies of the capabilities of the currently functioning legal system of
the country and peace.
References
1. Bachilo I. L. On terms and concepts in law // Questions of jurisprudence. 2014.
No. 3. Pp. 14–23.
2. Vlasenko N. A. Theory of state and law: scientific and practical guide. Moscow:
Prospekt, 2009. 230 p.
3. Korkunov N. M. Lectures on the general theory of law. SPb.: Legal. Center
Press, 2003. 120 p.
Mailin Ramos Morales,
Masters in Social Studies of Science and Technology,
Specialist in Criminal Sciences,
Assistant Professor,
University of Cienfuegos “Carlos Rafael Rodríguez”
Yoruanys Suñez Tejera,
Doctor of Legal Sciences,
Lawyer at the Cienfuegos Collective Law Firm,
Professor,
University of Cienfuegos “Carlos Rafael Rodríguez”
Rachel Domínguez Suñez,
student,
University of Cienfuegos “Carlos Rafael Rodríguez”
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE ADMINISTRATION
OF JUSTICE IN CUBA
Abstract.
In regards to the topic of Artificial Intelligence (AI), one can appreciate
that it is no longer part of a distant future that could only be dreamed of by reading science
fiction works. In the world, and in Cuba, it is already a tangible and exciting phenomenon
that makes its analysis and development necessary to achieve advances in the social
and economic life of the country, and thus ultimately achieve an increase in the well-
being and progress of society. One cannot remain motionless in the face of the constant
technological change that influences most human activities. This includes the law, where
the application of technology has increased efficiency and effectiveness in very specific
areas such as, for example, the fight against fraud and irregularities. Nonetheless, the
legal challenges presented by AI are many, and in such diverse areas as personal data
protection, equality, legal security, transparency and accountability, among others.
Keywords
: Artificial Intelligence, Administration of Justice, Development, Digital
Transformation, Judicial processes, Criminal Law, Technological change
Digital technologies and law
47
ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ И ОТПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПРАВОСУДИЯ
НА КУБЕ
Аннотация.
Искусственный интеллект уже не является частью далекого бу-
дущего, о котором можно только мечтать, читая научно-фантастические произ-
ведения. В мире и на Кубе это уже ощутимое и захватывающее явление, анализ
и развитие которого необходимы для достижения прогресса в социальной и эконо-
мической жизни страны, а значит, в конечном счете для повышения благосостояния
и прогресса общества. Нельзя оставаться неподвижным перед лицом постоянных
технологических изменений, которые влияют на большинство видов человече-
ской деятельности. Это касается и юриспруденции, где применение технологий
позволило повысить эффективность и результативность в весьма специфических
областях, таких как, например, борьба с мошенничеством и нарушениями. Тем не
менее правовых проблем, связанных с применением искусственного интеллекта,
немало, причем в таких разных областях, как защита персональных данных, ра-
венство, правовая безопасность, прозрачность и подотчетность и др.
Ключевые слова
: искусственный интеллект, отправление правосудия, раз-
витие, цифровая трансформация, судебные процессы, уголовное право, техноло-
гические изменения
Introduction.
When speaking about artificial intelligence in Cuba, it is necessary
to point out that since the late 1980s the topic has been approached with interest by
researchers in scientific centers and universities, but always from an academic point of
view. In comparison to other technological areas, AI, although it is applied in a limited
way, has not reached predominance in Cuban society. The improvement of information
processing capabilities and the desire to enhance the development and optimization of
processes has motivated the Cuban government to reflect on the urgent need to draw up
strategies to enhance the development of artificial intelligence [9].
Main part.
In February 2023, members of the highest levels of the Cuban gov-
ernment, including President Miguel Díaz-Canel, met with representatives of the Cuban
Academy of Sciences (ACC) to reflect on AI within the context of digital transforma-
tion for development. Among the difficulties, the academics highlighted the few Cuban
computer products or services developed with AI techniques for solving problems, the
fact that there are few opportunities to develop a professional career in this field and
the lack of a national strategy to coordinate these efforts. It was also clear from the
beginning that the development of AI could not be seen without clear ethics and rules,
at both the national and international level. In addition, it was specified that to cre-
ate Cuban AI-based solutions, the correct use of data would first be necessary. In this
regard, Member of Merit and Coordinator of natural and exact sciences of the ACC,
Luis Montero Cabrera, mentioned that the foundation of the massive use of Artificial
Intelligence is in the achievement of a systemic, stable, actionable database, which en-
compasses the country in full [8].
The Cuban president Miguel Díaz Canel has stated that an Artificial Intelligence
Strategy is already being worked on, but that it is vital to work on the interconnection of
Digital technologies and law
Digital technologies and law
48
artificial intelligence with the production of goods and services, public administration,
and the territories. Furthermore, it is necessary to cover the topic of the organization,
structure and management of data because Cuban society needs to achieve the imple-
mentation of AI to promote the formation and training of human capital associated with
Big Data and Artificial Intelligence for their correct use in public and business manage-
ment. Additionally, the relationship on these issues between universities, companies and
the government must be strengthened [8].
In mid-2023 a group of experts met at the National Union of Jurists of Cuba to
address the discussion on the Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence
in Cuba. At this meeting, Pedro Piñero Pérez, a member of the project that currently
creates it, explained that it is necessary to use a multidisciplinary approach in which
both the natural and social sciences address the issue of intelligent systems, because
without this approach the strategy would not fit into current Cuban society. The draft
strategy has several commissions of experts in various subjects, as well as the participa-
tion of Cuban and foreign universities, research centers, the collaboration of the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Ministry
of Justice for the ethical use of AI [8].
The limitations presented in the field of technology in Cuba are compensated in
a certain way by the opportunities offered by having highly qualified professionals.
Furthermore, the approximately 2,292 investigations in the Scopus database are evi-
dence of the interest that the Cuban scientific community has in the subject. Another
fundamental element is the cooperation with several countries such as Italy, Canada, the
United States, Colombia and the Netherlands, particularly for research development.
For example, the Ministry of Communications of Cuba, as part of its cooperation with
China, created the Project for the Creation of the International Institute of Artificial
Intelligence Research at the University of International Studies of Hebei in 2019. The
Cuban side is directed by the University of Camagüey, although other higher education
centers such as UCI, CUJAE and Marta Abreu University participate [8].
Nonetheless, when analyzing the application of AI in the administration of justice
in Cuba, we see that there are still many opportunities that have not been exploited and
that can facilitate and streamline the processes. Such systems are being developed in
countries such as Spain, where remarkable results are being shown in their use. In her
judicial processes report, Cristina Lorenzo Pérez, [6] lawyer at the Spanish Ministry of
Justice, performs an extensive examination on the implementation of intelligent systems
and tools that facilitate the development of the administration of justice in Spain. Some
of these applications, in the opinion of the authors, could be applied in Cuba, such as the
ones presented below:
Automatic cancellation of criminal records
The use of this system would help a person not to have to request the cancella-
tion of the record to which he is entitled if he meets the requirements established in the
criminal code and would also allow for status updates in the criminal records system.
This could be useful, for example, when agreeing to the suspension of a prison sentence,
since those criminal records that have been canceled, or should have been, will not be
taken into account. The result would be a great contribution in updating the register of
Digital technologies and law
49
sanctioned persons with almost no human intervention, an element so necessary for the
Cuban legal system that is sometimes overloaded due to lack of personnel [6].
Textualization of views
This is a solution provided by artificial intelligence using audios or videos that are
recorded during hearings or statements, through which text is automatically generated.
This system would facilitate the work of judges and judicial personnel, so that they
could analyze the hearings they conduct more quickly, in addition to being able to per-
form specific searches on interventions that need to be specified, such as names, places
or quantities that could be referred to in the hearing [6].
Legal voice dictation
This is a legal voice transcription system which directly benefits the productivity
of legal operators. An example of this could be a judge who uses this tool to dictate his
conclusions, notes and resolutions, allowing him to draft judgments, extracts, orders or
considerations on his computer faster. This tool is able to recognize the technical legal
language used by legal operators and even perform automatic and simultaneous transla-
tion into another language [6].
360 Search Engines
This tool allows for the transcription of hearings, making it possible to locate in-
formation associated with files, classify terms depending on the number of times they
are found in the text to be analyzed, and optimize the time spent by the judge in the anal-
ysis of the document. In countries such as Spain, advanced documentary search engines
are being developed that include semantic search functions. Through this system it will
be possible to search by writing or natural language all the documents of the procedural
management system, even the archived ones [6].
Conclusion.
All this would constitute an improvement in the results of the judicial
administration system, providing greater security inside and out and improving com-
munication with the subjects of judicial decisions. Although we already see this type of
results in many countries that to a greater or lesser extent use intelligent systems in the
administration of justice, Cuba has lagged behind in the use of it, so there is still a way
to go to achieve the wide range of benefits that the use of AI brings in the administration
of justice.
References
1. Aspis A. Las TICs y el Rol de la Justicia en Latinoamérica // Derecho & Sociedad
Journal. 2010. № 35. Pp. 327–340.
2. Barona Vilar S. Inteligencia artificial o la algoritmización de la vida y de la ju-
sticia: ¿solución o problema? // Journal Boliviana de Derecho. 2019. № 28. Pp. 18–49.
3. Barona Vilar, S. Agoritmizacion del Derecho y la Justicia. De la Inteligencia
Artificial a la Smart Justicie. Ed. Arazandi, 2021. 230 p.
4. Beiro Magan J. Retos tecnológicos de la Administración de Justicia española
para la tercera década del siglo XXI. URL: https://pensamientocritico.sisej.com/
retos-tecnologicos
5. Lang Irrazábal M. La inteligencia artificial en la administración de justicia // Ars
Iuris Salmanticensis, Tribuna de actualidad. 2020. Vol. 10. Pp. 2340–5155.
Digital technologies and law
Digital technologies and law
50
6. Lorenzo Pérez C. Inteligencia Artificial en la administración de justicia:
Regulación española y marco europeo e internacional // Proyectos desarrollados por el
ministerio de justicia en España. 2022. Vol. 7. Pp. 13–26.
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Sistema Judicial y su Entorno // Journal Jurídica Portucalense. 2022. Vol. 2. Pp. 145–156.
8. Ureña, René, ¿Máquinas de justicia?: Inteligencia artificial y siste-
ma judicial en América Latina. URL: https://agendaestadodederecho.com/
maquinas-de-justicia-inteligencia-artificial-y-sistema-judicial-en-america-latina
9. Jalón Arias E., Ponce Ruiz D., Arandia J. C., Arrias Añez J. C. Las limitaciones
de la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial al derecho y el futuro de la educación jurídica
// Journal Conrado. 2021. Vol.
17(83). Pp. 439–450.
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desde la perspectiva europea // Sociedad digital y Derecho. 2018. Vol. 6. Pp. 203–224.
E. A. Pogosyan,
Senior lecturer,
Ryazan State University named after Yesenin
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR IMPACT
ON THE LEGAL LANDSCAPE
Abstract.
The rapid advancement of digital technologies has ushered in an era
of unprecedented transformation across various sectors, and the legal domain is no
exception. This article delves into the intricate interplay between digital technologies
and the field of law. It examines the multifaceted influence of digital technologies on
legal processes, jurisprudence, and the administration of justice. Through an exploration
of key areas such as electronic evidence, online dispute resolution, data privacy, and the
emergence of blockchain technology, this article sheds light on the complex challenges
and opportunities presented by the digital era within the legal realm.
Keywords
: digital technologies, legal landscape, legal systems, legal principles,
Blockchain technology, the principles of justice, the rule of law
ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ
НА ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЙ ЛАНДШАФТ
Аннотация.
Стремительное развитие цифровых технологий положило нача-
ло эпохе беспрецедентных преобразований в различных отраслях, и юридическая
сфера не является исключением. В данной статье рассматривается сложное взаи-
модействие цифровых технологий и сферы права. В ней исследуется многогран-
ное влияние цифровых технологий на юридические процессы, судебную практику
и отправление правосудия. Исследуя такие ключевые области, как электронные
доказательства, разрешение споров в режиме онлайн, конфиденциальность дан-
ных и появление технологии блокчейн, статья проливает свет на сложные пробле-
мы и возможности, которые открывает цифровая эра в правовой сфере.
