Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Connotative features of economic anglicisms and their
expression strategies in the Uzbek language
Gulnoza ABDUKAKHAROVA
1
Termez State University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received April 2025
Received in revised form
10 April 2025
Accepted 2 May 2025
Available online
25 June 2025
This article investigates critically the connotative-semantic
properties of economic anglicisms and their interlingual
expression mechanisms within the Uzbek linguistic
environment. Economic anglicisms, beyond their referential
function, often emdiv evaluative and culturally conditioned
connotations, which are susceptible to transformation in cross-
linguistic transfer. The research draws upon axiological
linguistics and functional-semantic theory to classify
connotative values
–
positive, negative, and neutral
–
and
examines how these are rendered in Uzbek through lexical
assimilation, descriptive translation, and pragmatic adaptation.
Emphasis is placed on semantic displacement and attenuation
of emotive load during translation, with particular focus on
terms such as startup, benchmark, and outsourcing. Corpus-
based analysis of media and academic discourse reveals a
tendency toward partial domestication and meaning
simplification, undermining the original expressive potential.
The findings underscore the necessity of attuned culturally
translation strategies to preserve the communicative-pragmatic
integrity of economic terminology in target-language discourse.
2181-3701
/©
2025 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol3-iss6
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
economic anglicisms,
connotation,
translation strategies,
Uzbek language,
lexical borrowing,
semantic shift,
pragmatic equivalence,
cultural adaptation,
evaluative meaning,
terminological transfer,
calquing,
descriptive translation,
interlingual semantics,
economic discourse,
semantic neutrality.
Iqtisodiy anglisizmlarning konnotativ xususiyatlari va
ularni
o‘zbek tilida ifodalash strategiyalari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
iqtisodiy anglizizmlar,
konnotatsiya,
tarjima strategiyalari,
Ushbu maqola iqtisodiy anglisizmlarning konnotativ-
semantik xususiyatlari hamda ularning o‘zbek tilidagi
interlingval ifodalanish mexanizmlarini tanqidiy tahlil qiladi.
1
Independent Researcher, Termez State University.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
6 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
115
o‘zbek tili,
leksik o‘zlashish,
semantik siljish,
pragmatik ekvivalentlik,
madaniy moslashtirish,
baholovchi ma’no,
terminologik transfer,
kalkalash,
tavsifiy tarjima,
tillararo semantika,
iqtisodiy nutq,
semantik neytrallik.
Iqtisodiy anglizizmlar referentsial vazifasidan tashqari,
ko‘pincha baholovchi va madan
iy jihatdan shartlangan
konnotatsiyalarni ham o‘z ichiga oladi; bular tillararo
o‘zlashtirish jarayonida transformatsiyaga uchrashi mumkin.
Tadqiqot aksiologik lingvistika va funksional-semantik nazariya
asosida konnotativ qiymatlarni
–
ijobiy, salbiy va neytral
–
tasniflaydi hamda ularning o‘zbek tilida leksik assimilyatsiya,
tavsifiy tarjima va pragmatik moslashtirish yo‘li bilan qanday
aks etishini o‘rganadi. Tarjimada semantik siljish va emotsional
yukning kamayishi masalasi, ayniqsa startup, benchmark va
outsourcing kabi atamalar misolida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Ommaviy
axborot vositalari va ilmiy diskurs korpusi asosida o‘tkazilgan
tahlil anglizizmlarning qisman domestikatsiyasi va ma’no
soddalashtirilishi tendensiyasini aniqlaydi, bu esa asl ekspressiv
salohiyatning pasayishiga olib keladi. Natijalar maqsad
til diskursida iqtisodiy terminologiyaning kommunikativ-
pragmatik yaxlitligini saqlash uchun madaniy jihatdan mos
tarjima strategiyalariga ehtiyojni ta’kidlaydi.
Коннотативные особенности экономических
англицизмов
и стратегии их выражения в узбекском языке
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
экономические
англицизмы,
коннотация,
стратегии перевода,
узбекский язык,
лексическое
заимствование,
семантический сдвиг,
прагматическая
эквивалентность,
культурная адаптация,
оценочное значение,
терминологический
перенос,
калькирование,
описательный перевод,
межъязыковая семантика,
экономический дискурс,
семантическая
нейтральность.
Статья
посвящена
критическому
исследованию
коннотативно
-
семантических
свойств
экономических
англицизмов и механизмов их межъязыкового выражения
в узбекской языковой среде. Экономические англицизмы,
помимо своей референциальной функции, нередко несут
оценочные и культурно обусловленные коннотации,
подверженные трансформации в процессе межъязыкового
переноса. Исследование опирается на аксиологическую
лингвистику и функционально
-
семантическую теорию для
классификации коннотативных значений –
позитивных,
негативных и нейтральных –
и анализирует способы их
передачи на узбекском языке посредством лексической
ассимиляции, описательного перевода и прагматической
адаптации. Особое внимание уделяется семантическим
сдвигам и
ослаблению эмоциональной нагрузки при переводе,
в частности, на примере терминов startup, benchmark и
outsourcing.
Корпусный
анализ
медиадискурса
и
академической литературы выявляет тенденцию к частичной
доместификации и упрощению смысла, что снижает исходный
экспрессивный
потенциал.
Результаты
подчёркивают
необходимость культурно ориентированных стратегий
перевода для сохранения коммуникативно
-
прагматической
целостности экономической терминологии в дискурсе языка
-
приёмника.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
6 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
116
INTRODUCTION
In the contemporary era of linguistic globalization, the penetration of economic
anglicisms into various linguistic systems, most notably into Uzbek, has become both an
inevitable and linguistically significant phenomenon. These borrowings extend far
beyond their denotative economic references; they are imbued with culturally specific,
evaluative, and ideologically charged connotations that render them fertile ground for
semantic and pragmatic investigation. From a linguo-semiotic and axiological standpoint,
connotation is not a peripheral feature but a central component of meaning construction,
shaping the attitudinal and emotional resonance of lexical items.
Within this framework, the study of economic anglicisms as connotative units
offers crucial insights into how global economic discourse is internalized, reframed, and
occasionally resemanticized in the Uzbek language. Terms such as outsourcing, startup,
and token exemplify not only conceptual transfer but also the importation of implicit
cultural values, which may be attenuated, preserved, or reshaped through interlingual
adaptation. The present study aims to explore the linguistic mechanisms by which these
connotative dimensions are negotiated in Uzbek, thereby contributing to a more nuanced
understanding of translation dynamics and the ideological textures of lexical borrowing.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY
The phenomenon of Anglicisms, particularly within the realm of economics, has
attracted significant scholarly attention in both English and Uzbek linguistic research.
In the English-
speaking context, scholars such as M. Görlach and L. Bauer have explored
the typology and semantic integration of loanwords, emphasizing the socio-pragmatic
and ideological implications of borrowing [1: pp. 21
–
43; 2: pp. 110
–
125]. These scholars
emphasize that lexical borrowing is rarely a neutral linguistic process; rather, it reflects
socio-cultural positioning, power dynamics, and discursive alignment with global
economic ideologies. From a connotative perspective, G. Leech has outlined the
evaluative dimensions of meaning, highlighting how lexical items often carry associative
or emotive value beyond their denotation [3: pp. 19
–
26]. Leech argues that lexical items
often carry meanings that extend beyond their denotative reference, encompassing
associative, affective, and attitudinal dimensions. This insight is particularly relevant to
economic Anglicisms in Uzbek, where terms such as startup, brand, or bonus are not only
functional borrowings but also semiotic markers of prestige, innovation, or Western
influence.
In Uzbek linguistics, scholars like Sh. Rahmatullayev and B. Yo
‘ldoshev have
addressed the influence of foreign lexicon on the Uzbek language, noting both structural
assimilation and semantic shifts [4: B. 142
–
158; 5: B. 96
–
112]. It can be shown that, once
integrated, loanwords frequently develop secondary senses or stylistic restrictions that
diverge from their source‑language prototypes, signaling an early awareness that
borrowing is as much a matter of meaning negotiation as of form. More recently,
attention has been given to the pragmatic and cultural implications of economic
borrowings, particularly in the works of A. Mamajonov and N. Rasulova, who underscore
the role of context in interpreting the layered meanings of global economic terminology
in Uzbek discourse [6: B. 85
–
92; 7: B. 63
–
71]. This study employs a mixed-method
approach, integrating comparative semantic analysis with elements of discourse-based
pragmatics. A selected corpus of economic texts
–
drawn from Uzbek media, academic
publications, and English-language financial discourse
–
forms the empirical basis of the
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
6 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
117
analysis. Particular focus is placed on identifying shifts in connotative meaning during
interlingual transfer, including attenuation, amplification, or transformation. The
methodology further incorporates qualitative interpretation of context-dependent
meaning and translation strategies to uncover the degree to which evaluative and
emotive dimensions are preserved or neutralized in the target language.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
The present study has revealed that economic anglicisms, far from being mere
lexical borrowings, carry with them rich layers of connotative meaning which are deeply
embedded in the socio-economic and ideological fabric of their source language. When
these terms are transferred into Uzbek, their connotative load is often refracted through
the lens of local linguistic norms, cultural expectations, and discursive practices. One of
the primary findings is that economic anglicisms in Uzbek not only serve a denotative
function, identifying specific financial or economic phenomena, but also encode
connotative nuances that reflect prestige, modernity, or, in some cases, socio-economic
stratification. For instance, the English term startup, which originally denotes a newly
established business venture, is borrowed into Uzbek with a strong positive evaluative
connotation, often associated with youth innovation, technological advancement, and
Western entrepreneurial spirit. The term is frequently used in media discourse in a
glorifying tone:
“Yoshlar orasida
‘startup’
loyihalari O‘zbekis
tonda innovatsion
taraqqiyotning kalitiga aylanmoqda”.
Here, startup connotes not just economic activity
but symbolizes progress and socio-cultural capital. Conversely, certain anglicisms such as
dumping used in economic discourse to describe the practice of exporting goods at a
price lower than the home market, are absorbed into Uzbek with a negative connotation,
frequently implying unfair competition or economic manipulation. Consider the usage in
the sentence:
“Mahalliy ishlab chiqaruvchilar tashqi bozor
lardagi
‘dumping’
narxlaridan
aziyat chekmoqda”.
In this context, dumping not only describes a technical phenomenon
but also evokes a sense of economic threat and foreign dominance, suggesting a semantic
shift with pejorative overtones.
A key pattern observed is that Uzbek expression strategies of these anglicisms rely
heavily on transliteration with partial semantic domestication. This hybrid model allows
for the preservation of global economic terminology while ensuring semantic
intelligibility within the local discourse. However, it also results in semantic distortion.
For example, the term franchise is widely used in Uzbek with partial understanding,
frequently associated with fast-food businesses. The deeper financial and contractual
implications of franchising remain underdeveloped in public discourse:
“
Franchise
ochgan yosh tadbirkorlar biznes yuritishda xorijiy tajribani o‘zlashtirishmoqda”.
Although
technically correct, the connotation centers more on consumption and prestige than on
legal and operational structures, which indicates a semantic narrowing. Moreover, the
study has demonstrated that certain economic Anglicisms are used metonymically or
metaphorically, acquiring figurative meanings beyond their original referents. For
instance, the term portfolio, originally denoting a collection of financial assets, is now
increasingly used to refer to a set of skills or responsibilities, especially in political and
educational contexts:
“U vazirlikdagi yangi
‘portfolio’
uchun mas’ul etib tayinlandi”.
This
metaphorical extension reflects a broadening of the connotative field, wherein the
economic term gains new pragmatic functions in political and administrative discourse.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
6 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
118
Another salient outcome is the emergence of hybrid constructs, where an English
loanword is paired with Uzbek morphological or syntactic components, creating hybrid
expressions such as
“investitsion portfel”, “brend mahsulot”,
or
“bonus tizimi”.
These
structures demonstrate an attempt to linguistically naturalize the borrowed term while
retaining its connotative association with Western economic models. Here are more
examples:
№
Anglicis
m
Example from
Uzbek discourse
Connotative
meaning
Analytical Commentary
1
Benchm
ark
Bank tizimi
samaradorligini
baholashda xalqaro
“benchmark”lar asos
sifatida olinmoqda.
Excellence, high
standard, model
The term “benchmark” functions not
only as a technical measure but also
connotes authority, standardization,
and aspiration to global norms. It is
ideologically loaded with the value
of best practice and institutional
efficiency.
2
Broker
Ko‘chmas mulk
savdosida
professional “broker”
xizmatlari talab
ortmoqda.
Expertise,
reliability,
financial
professionalism
“Broker” in Uzbek economic
language implies not just an
intermediary but a trustworthy
actor with specialized knowledge,
reinforcing a connotation of
professionalism and institutional
credibility.
3
Credit
score
Yangi kredit tizimi
“credit score” asosida
baholaydi
–
bu
sizning moliyaviy
ishonchliligingizdir.
Financial
reputation,
digital identity,
trust index
Beyond denotation, this term
signifies a metric of personal
integrity and risk assessment. In
Uzbek, it is rapidly acquiring a
symbolic meaning as part of one’s
socio-economic identity in a digital
economy.
4
Token
Raqamli
iqtisodiyotda
“token”lar yangi
investitsiya shakliga
aylandi.
Innovation,
decentralization,
modern finance
“Token” connotes cutting
-edge
technology and investment
sophistication. Its metaphorical
value lies in its association with
digital transformation and
progressive economic behavior in
Uzbek economic discourse.
The analysis reveals clearly that economic Anglicisms in Uzbek are not mere lexical
borrowings, but culturally and ideologically loaded terms that acquire new evaluative
dimensions. Each term reflects how global economic concepts are filtered through local
perspectives
–
benchmark symbolizes aspiration and quality, while monopoly conveys
criticism and distrust.
CONCLUSION
This investigation confirms that economic anglicisms in Uzbek operate as
ideologically charged semiotic assets rather than mere lexical imports. Their trajectories
from initial transliteration
(benchmark, token)
to context‑bound hybridization show how
Uzbek speakers continually recalibrate global terminology to local communicative
priorities.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
6 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
119
Connotation is the pivot of this process: aspirational readings
(e.g., innovation,
prestige)
coexist with critical stances toward perceived market inequities (monopoly).
These layered meanings reveal a dual orientation affirming participation in global
economic discourse while simultaneously negotiating national identity and
socio‑economic values. Consequently, the study demonstrates that borrowing is a
dynamic act of
semantic re‑engineering that both mirrors and molds contemporary
Uzbek economic thought. Future research, integrating diachronic corpora and
discourse‑pragmatic analysis, can further trace how these connotative profiles evolve
alongside shifts in policy, media frames, and public sentiment.
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–
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–
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