Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Color-designating lexicon: cognitive model
Albina BAZARBAEVA
Uzbekistan State University of World Languages
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received March 2024
Received in revised form
10 April 2024
Accepted 25 April 2024
Available online
25 July 2024
As it is discovered currently, a significant and promising area
within linguistics revolves around exploring the relationship
between linguistic expressions and mental representations
across various types of texts. This establishes an in-depth
examination of language and speech phenomena, closely
intertwined with human-centric factors, at the intersection of
sociolinguistic, communicative-pragmatic, and cognitive
dimensions to evaluate the impact of the study. Scholars are
conducting and considering monolingual and multilingual
investigations into the challenges of translating knowledge
structures and the nuances of linguistic and cognitive
mechanisms in diverse discourses. Concurrently, leveraging
advancements in cognitive science, pragmatics, and corpus
linguistics, researchers are refining and innovating methods,
procedures, and techniques for analyzing textual elements, such
as color references.
2181-3663
/©
2024 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss3-pp5-9
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
сognitive science
,
colour-nominations,
linguistic and cognitive
mechanisms,
psychology of colour.
Rangli leksika: kognitiv model
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
kognitivistika,
rang-barang,
til va kognitiv mexanizmlar,
rang psixologiyasi.
Rang-barang
lug
‘
atning
kognitiv
jihatlari.
Jahon
tilshunosligida hozirgi vaqtning eng muhim va istiqbolli
vazifalaridan biri har xil turdagi matnlarda til va aqliy vakillik
o
‘
rtasidagi munosabatni o
‘
rganishdir. Til va nutq hodisalari
antropotsentrik omillar bilan chambarchas bog‘liq bo‘
lib,
sotsiolingvistik, kommunikativ-pragmatik va kognitiv jihatlar
chorrahasida batafsil o
‘
rganiladi. Bilim tuzilmalarini tarjima
qilish muammolari, turli xil nutq turlarida til va kognitiv
mexanizmlarni amalga oshirishning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari
bo‘yicha mono va ko‘p tilli tadqiqotlar olib borilmoqda.
1
PhD, Associate Professor, Uzbekistan State University of World Languages, Uzbekistan. E-mail: babai77700@list.ru
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
6
Shu bilan birga, kognitologiya, pragmatika va korpus
lingvistikasi sohasidagi nazariy va amaliy yutuqlar asosida matn
birliklarini tahlil qilishning yangi usullari, protseduralari va
texnikasi, xususan, rang qiymatlari ishlab chiqilmoqda va
takomillashtirilmoqda.
Цветономинирующая лексика: когнитивная модель
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
когнитология
,
цветономинации
,
языковые и когнитивные
механизмы
,
психология цвета.
В настоящее время установлено, что одной из ключевых
и перспективных задач в мировой лингвистике является
изучение взаимосвязи между языковыми выражениями и
ментальными представлениями в различных типах
текстов. Обнаружено, что явления языка и речи, а также их
взаимосвязь с аспектами человеческой активности,
детально анализируются на стыке социолингвистики,
коммуникативной
прагматики
и
когнитивистики.
Охарактеризованы
закономерности
и
ведутся
исследования, включающие как одноязычный, так и
многоязычный подходы, для изучения проблем перевода
структур знания и особенностей функционирования
языковых и когнитивных механизмов в различных типах
дискурса. Кроме того, в статье оценивается влияние
достижений в области когнитивных наук, прагматики и
корпусной
лингвистики
на
разработку
и
совершенствование новых методик, процедур и техник для
анализа текстовых элементов, включая обозначения цвета.
SUMMARY
Background
Among the main tasks that form the basis of interests in cognitive linguistics as a science,
and that define the role of language in the processes of perception and understanding of the
world, include the search for correlations between cognitive structures and linguistic units, the
study of various approaches to knowledge representation, as well as the explanation of the
influence of language on the processes of conceptualization and categorization of human
experience.
The study of concepts goes beyond viewing them merely as elements of culture; it is also
important to consider them from the perspective of the embedded mental information about
various objects and phenomena of the real world.
The relationship between human mood and colour can be easily demonstrated by
putting a glass of different colours on the eyes. It has been experimentally confirmed that bright
colours, especially yellow and orange, can lift the mood. For this reason, children's toys are often
made bright or multicolored.
The science that studies the relationship between colour and the human psyche is called
“colour psychology”. The focus of its attention is the influence of colour on human mental
activity, as well as colour psychodiagnostics and other aspects.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
7
According to N.K. Humphrey, a complete study of semantic aspects of a certain linguistic
phenomenon, applying the cognitive approach, is not limited only to the objective
characteristics of the described situation. It also includes peculiarities of perception, the
presence of relevant knowledge, intentions, allocation of specific units, and certain
representations of the world in the form of concepts
–
structured meanings in human
consciousness [4].
In modern cognitive linguistics, an experiential approach is distinguished, which differs
from the logical approach to analyzing linguistic phenomena. This approach implies taking into
account not only theoretical aspects but also practical experience.
METHODS
Basic names of colours have a universal character and are firmly rooted in human
memory, which distinguishes them from less fixed peripheral colour terms. “One of the most
important functions of the allocation of this perceptual feature is the need to distinguish an
object from similar ones precisely on the basis of colour features” [5].
The choice of a name for a referent is determined with both semasiological and
onomasiological salience [1]. In semasiology, the degree of highlighting depends on the extent to
which the lexical item corresponds to the prototype. In onomasiological onomasiology, salience
implies the choice of a lexical item to name a referent based on the highest degree of stability.
Coloured designations as complex categories.
Despite the significant impact of prototype theory on the study of categorization
processes, it is unlikely to provide a complete explanation of the essence of categories.
The cognitive properties of basic colour cognitions may include the following aspects:
Sure, here are some potential outcomes or cognitive properties of basic color cognitions:
1. Perceptual Discrimination: Individuals can distinguish between different colors and
identify them accurately, enabling them to perceive and recognize the various hues in their
environment.
2. Categorical Perception: Colors are categorized into distinct groups (e.g., red, blue,
green) in the mind, allowing for efficient processing and recognition of colors based on their
categorical boundaries.
3. Color Constancy: Despite changes in lighting conditions, individuals maintain the
ability to perceive the same color consistently across different contexts, demonstrating a stable
understanding of color.
4. Color Naming: People can assign specific labels or names to colors, facilitating
communication and shared understanding of the color spectrum within a linguistic community.
5. Emotional Associations: Colors evoke emotional responses and associations in
individuals, influencing mood and behavior. For example, red may evoke feelings of excitement
or danger, while blue may elicit calmness or sadness.
6. Cross-Cultural Consistency: Basic color perceptions show a degree of consistency
across different cultures, suggesting universal aspects of color cognition despite cultural
variations in color naming and preferences.
7. Color Memory: Individuals can store and recall information about colors from memory,
allowing them to recognize familiar colors and recall their associated properties or experiences.
8. Color Attentional Bias: Certain colors may attract more attention than others,
influencing visual focus and perception in tasks such as search and recognition.
9. Color Salience: Colors vary in their salience or prominence, with some colors standing
out more prominently than others in visual scenes, leading to differential processing and
attention allocation.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
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Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
8
10. Developmental Trajectories: Color cognition develops over time, with infants initially
showing limited color discrimination abilities that become more refined with age and
experience.
These outcomes reflect the multifaceted nature of color cognition, encompassing
perceptual, linguistic, emotional, and developmental aspects.
Thus, basic colour expressions have a variety of cognitive properties that reflect their
importance in human perception, language, and culture.
Prototype effects do not accurately reflect the structure of categories, and the claim that
categories take the form of prototypes is too simplistic, given that many categories are complex
entities.
RESULT
For our purposes, it is expedient to conduct a derivational analysis of the structural
classifications of colour denotations, as well as to evaluate the characteristics of the meanings of
the corresponding words.
Associative links between words are taken into account in feature analysis. In this
approach, the structure of colour words is seen as a reflection of the structures of the
vocabulary, as each relationship has its own linguistic expression. For example: a certain
characteristic of words (bluish = somewhat blue, yellowish = somewhat yellow, etc.) gives rise
to a meaning that is the basis of classification (possessing a certain colour in a weak degree).
The lexemes denoting colours in English, from the point of view of structural features, can
be divided into three categories: 1) words that have no structural components; 2) words that
are completely separable into parts; 3) words that are prone to residual analysis [3].
The first group includes colour-designation lexemes that are not divided into any parts
and are subdivided into the following types: a) white (white = of the colour of snow or milk); b)
coral (coral = of the colour of coral.).
Examples pertaining to the first kind:
darkest possible hue, swart; green
–
of the colour
white in the spectrum is intermediate between blue and yellow = of colour of gold, butter, the yolk
of an egg,
и
др
.
To the second kind:
mole = of the colour of mole-skin buff = of the colour, of buff letter; beryl
= beryl like clear pale green,
и
др
. [Longman Dictionary, 1992].
This group includes the oldest words denoting colour (Ted, dim, fallow, swarthy, grey), as
well as lexemes borrowed from other languages:
Khaki (from Hindi) =
dust-coloured, dull;
Blond (in French) =
of a light golden brown, light suborn
[Modern explanatory dictionary,
e-resource];
The lexemes of the second group of colour denotation are also divided according to
certain rules. For example: lexemes of the structural form affix + NC/AC are rare: for black =
very black; off-white = not clear white; approaching white, and others.
Based on the cognitive modelling method used in this paper, it is assumed that
phraseological units, in a general context, function as representations of cognitive models of
situations.
The main goal of this study is to reconstruct the structure of knowledge encapsulated in
phraseological units, in the individual consciousness or in the collective consciousness of a
language community. In the linguocognitive literature, the term “figurative models” or “patterns
of figuration” is used for this task [1].
A. Chapanis
proposes the term “cognitive structure” to analyze proverbs in cognitive
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
9
linguistics, where this concept is used to analyze both large information blocks and the content
of individual sentences. Here cognitive structure is defined as a scheme of knowledge
representation including components or attributes [2]. Thus, the principles of cognitive
modelling of the meaning of phraseological units include the description of PE semantics as a
frame, script or cognitive situation in the general sense.
According to E. Rosch, each phraseological unit has its abstract conceptual structure
known as a frame. This frame represents a repository of human knowledge about the world [6].
To form the meaning of a phraseological unit, not the meanings of individual words-
components are used, but the “frames
-
scenarios” associated with them are used [6]. These
frames-scenarios, in turn, are based on the conceptual reflection of prototypical situations in the
consciousness of native speakers of the language.
CONCLUSION
The color-designating lexicon is a cognitive model that encapsulates the intricate
processes underlying how individuals perceive, categorize, and interact with colors. Through an
exploration of this model, we uncover a rich tapestry of cognitive phenomena that shape our
understanding and engagement with the color spectrum.
In conclusion, the color-designating lexicon serves as a framework through which we can
better comprehend the cognitive properties of basic color cognitions. It illuminates how humans
perceptually discriminate between colors, categorize them into distinct groups, and assign them
linguistic labels for communication and comprehension. Moreover, this model highlights the
emotional associations, cross-cultural consistencies, and developmental trajectories that
influence our perception and interpretation of colors.
By delineating the various cognitive dimensions of color cognition, the color-designating
lexicon provides valuable insights for diverse fields such as psychology, linguistics, design, and
neuroscience. Understanding the intricacies of color cognition not only enriches our
comprehension of human perception but also informs practices in color design, marketing, and
communication.
As we continue to unravel the complexities of color cognition, the color-designating
lexicon stands as a foundational framework, guiding further exploration and fostering a deeper
appreciation for the role of color in shaping our cognitive experiences and interactions with the
world.
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В., Kay P. Basic Colour Terms. Their Universiality and Evolution. − Calif.
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Fauconnier G. Mental Spaces: Aspects of Meaning Construction in Natural Language.
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–
190 p.
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Humphrey N.K. The colour currency of nature. Color for Architecture.
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Nostrand, 1976.
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97 p.
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Lakoff G. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What categories reveal about the mind.
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