Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
The relation of the concept “Head” to the nominative
-
communicative area of linguistic means of expression in
the English language
Mukhayyo KHALIMOVA
Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received August 2024
Received in revised form
10 September 2024
Accepted 25 September 2024
Available online
25 October 2024
The article explores the nominative space of linguistic
expressions related to the concept of "head" in English. The
author clarifies and supports their scientific findings with
specific examples. It is revealed that the characteristics
associated with the "head" concept exhibit different
manifestations across various languages, reflecting diversity in
linguistic expression, semantic content, communicative
specificity, and degrees of emphasis.
2181-3701
/©
2024 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss4
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
concept,
universal conceptual status,
nomenclature,
mental unit,
communicative and
syntactic biurites.
Ingliz tilida “Head/Bosh” konsepti lisoniy ifoda
vositalarining nominativ-kommunikativ maydoni xususida
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
konsept,
universal konseptual
maqomi,
nomenklatura,
mental birlik,
kommunikativ va sintaktik
biurliklar.
Maqolada ingliz tilida “head/bosh” konsepti lisoniy ifoda
vositalarining nominativ maydoni xususida so‘z boradi, muallif
ilmiy natijalarini misollar yordamida aniqlashtirgan va dalillagan.
“bosh” konseptiga aloqador bo‘lgan belgi
-xususiyatlarning lisoniy
ifoda manzarasi, mazmuniy mundarijasi, ularning kommunikativ
xoslanganligi va yorqinlik darajasi turli milliy tillarda turlicha
namoyon bo‘lishi ochib berilgan.
1
PhD, Associate Professor, Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
4 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
91
Отношение к номинативно
-
коммуникативной области
языковых средств выразительности в английском
языке понятия «Head/Голова»
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
понятие,
универсальный
концептуальный статус,
номенклатура,
ментальное единство,
коммуникативные и
синтаксические свойства.
В статье рассматривается понятие "голова" в английском
языке в контексте употребления в именительном падеже.
Автор уточняет и доказывает научные результаты на
примерах, раскрывая картину языкового выражения,
смысловое наполнение и особенности знаков, связанных с
понятием "голова". Также анализируются коммуникативные
характеристики и степень выраженности этих элементов,
которые
проявляются
по
-
разному
в
различных
национальных языках.
“
Bosh
”
konsepti olamning konseptual manzarasi bo
‘
lagi sifatida ingliz, o
‘
zbek va boshqa
xalqlar konseptosferasida mavjud ekan, ularning ha biri kognitiv belgi-xususiyatlar, tarkibi,
yorqinlik darajasi boshqa qavm va qavm bo
‘
lmagan konseptlar bilan munosabati kabilarga
ko
‘
ra o
‘
xshash va farqli jihatlarga ega bo
‘
ladilar. Bu hol ushbu konseptlar lisoniy manzara kasb
etganda ham kuzatiladi. Shu nuqtayi nazardan mazkur konseptlarga xos belgi-xususiyatlarni
yagona konseptual nominativ maydonga jamlab, bunga hamohang ravishda ularning lisoniy
verbalizatorlari maydoni miqyosi, k
onstituentlarning maydon uzra tutgan o‘rnini aniqlash juda
muhimdir. Chunki bugungi kunda globallashuv jarayoni shiddat bilan keng tus olayotgan,
mamlakatlar, xalqlar o‘rtasidagi siyosiy, madaniy, ilm –
fan, iqtisodiy
–
hamkorlik aloqalari
kengayib, chuqurlashib borayotgan davrda bu kabi tadqiqotlar natijalari turli ijtimoiy, lisoniy
vaziyatlarda turli kommunikativ pragmatik, uslubiy ahamiyat kasb etgan til va nutq birliklarini
o‘z o‘rnida to‘g‘ri qo‘llashga, nutq madaniyatini rivojlantirishga, shuningdek, muloqot
samaradorligiga erishishni ta’minlaydi, lingvistik konseptologiya, semasiologiya,
lingvomadaniyatshunoslik, l
ingvopragmatika kabi yangi fan tarmoqlari rivojiga hissa bo‘lib
qo‘shiladi.
Qiyosiy-
chog‘ishtirma, maydoniy yondashuv, kognitiv modellashtirish, transformatsiya,
komponent tahlil, distributiv, statistik tahlil usullaridan foydalanilgan.
“Bosh” konsepti lisoniy manzarasi haqida gap ketar ekan, dastavval, ularning lisoniy
verbilazatorlari nomenklaturasini aniqlab olish muhimdir.
Chog‘ishtirma tadqiqqa tortilgan ingliz va o‘zbek tillari materillarining kognitiv tahlili
“head/bosh” konsepti lisoniy verbalizatorlari quyidagilar ekanligini aniqlash imkonini berdi:
Ot, fe’l, sifat so‘z turkumlariga mansub tub (bir asosli) so‘zlar:
- head (heads)
puzzle(n) head (v), head (adj), brain, nod, skull(n) shake(v), plate, sconce, nut; (You can scriven
then?): Privet nodded.: Privet was already hurrying away, head down, not looking back, wishing
to talk to no mole; “Twizle Head Moss”, said
Sward grimly; Old Tante moved her head
impatiently; He looked at Isaak and nodded slowly, she was the freest being, on the earth and
freedom went to her head. May be the hairs of my head wer
e numbered… ; Every minute, heads
would pop out the door to look and listen for the approach of Trinidad’s team . But the thought
suddenly came into my head and I had to ask you. To wipe the dead white girl from her brain.
To wipe Sam and the pain of Sam from her brain
…
I patted myself all over my front, from what
I call my waist up to my head …
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
4 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
92
Ot, sifat, ravish va fe’l so‘z turkumlariga mansub sodda yasama so‘zlar:
heading (n),
header (n), headship (n), headlesseness (n), headed (adj), headful (adj), headless (adj), heady
(adj), headward (adj), headily (adv), headward (s) (adv), heador
–
up (v); brainless, giddiness,
giddy, dizzy, dizzying. The lights were sputtering over
–
head and high up were the lighted
windows of the tall office buildings Harris said he felt such extraordinary fits of giddiness come
over him at times . . .… George said that he had fits of giddiness too, and hardly knew what he
was doin. Come and see the skulls.
Ot, ravish, sifat va fe’l vazifasida keluvchi qo‘shma so‘zlar:
headache, headband,
headboard, headbox, head
–
cavity, headcheese, headcloth, head collar, headdress, head fast,
headfish, headframe, head gate, head gear, headphone, headpiece, headpin, headquarter, head
and front, head
–
and
–
tail
–
light, head or tail, head reach(n), head first, headforemost, headlong,
head over ears, head over heads head and shoulders (adv) headstrong (adj) head reach (v)
puzzle head(n), forehead, chuckle
–
head; headman, headphone, head most (adj), head note(n),
head
–
nurse, head room, heading, headrest, head sea, head set, head stone, head water(s),
headway, head wear, headwind, headwork, train giddy: She’s not beautiful, Celia thought; too
much forehead and mouth and s
he doesn’t know what to do with her hair;
Ot, sifat, ravish so‘z turkumlariga mansub qo‘shma yasama so‘zlar:
headender, head
dropper, header
–
box, header barge, header fork, header man, head
–
flattening, headhunter,
heading joint, head lightning, headshrinker, head strongeness, headworker, head mastership,
headshaking, weak
–
headed (adj)
(oson kayf bo‘luvchi), thick –
headed, headmaster, headmistress, headship,
headstrongness, head teacher, head torch, headworker, headliner, brain
–
teaser, bare
–
headed,
head blighting(n), head masterly, head aching (adj), headstrongly, headachy, puzzle
–
headed:
The men were all bald
–
headed or white
–
side - whiskered . . . He used to sit in our headquarters
and kill flees and talk sarcastic; Get up, fat
–
headed chunk! roared Harris ; The man they had
got new was a jolly, light - hearted, thick-
headed sort of a chap….
Predlogli fe’l, ravish va sifat vazifasidagi head so‘zi:
head in, head off, head up (v),
head on (adv), head
–
on, heads
–
up (adj) puzzle over (v) (lomat sebe golovu)… but don’t drink
when the sun is blazing down on your head; Soames mechanically laid a pat on his head; The
blossom sprayed out above her head.
Undov so‘z (interjection): Heads up!
So‘z birikmalari:
to turn one’s brain, to beat one’s grave, to puzzle (cudgel) one’s brains,
to cross one’s mind), head of a grave, head of navigation, the head of the Nile, a cost of $5 per
head, the head of a valley, at the head of sth, by a head taller, fifty heads of cattle to head the list,
to head for London, put on one’s hat, shake one’s head, to turn one’s head: skull and cross bones.
He looked then dropped to his chest again and dozed off; Gert pushed his head round the kitchen
door; She… took a
deep breath and turned her head to Lanny;
Frazeologik birliklar:
to give one his head, let one have his head, out of one’s head, over
one’s head, can’t make head or tail of sth., to keep one’s head, lay heads together, make head
against, be head over ears in love, beat sth out of sb.’s head, dad head, bury one’s head i
n the
sand, from head to foot, have a head like a sieve, have an old head on young shoulders, keep
one’s head above ground, (water), put one’s head into the lion’s mouth: Best of all I like to hear
him tell of his earlier days when he sold liniments and cough cures on street corners, living hand
to mouth, heart to heart with the people, throwing heads or tails with fortune for his last coin; I
never can make head or tail of those.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
4 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
93
Paremiyalar:
Two heads are better than one, Better be the head of a dog than the tail of
a lion, It’s easy to swim if another (an ass) holds your head, Head I win tails you lose, A still
tongue makes a wise head.
Paralingvistik vositalar:
nod one’s head, shake one’s head, keep one’s head low with
shy. Hannah smiled and nodded; Old Tante tried to remember, then shook her head and turned
to Hannah; Do you love her she watched his face closely. He thought for a while, then shook his
head. “No”, “Did you?”; His head tilted proudly.
Ikki yoki undan ortiq gaplar (matn):
You are the head. The expedition is leaving
tonight; He is cattle
–
dealer. Last Sunday he bought 20 heads of cattle from Sweden: I need a
headdress for autumn. It’s getting cooler and cooler day by day. Have you got money to buy it?
Overhead and ears. Heads up! This does not mean the end. I am sure everything will be all right
soon, I’m in your heart just as you are in mine: Will you remember always? He nodded; That will
never be changed. “It will be, he pleaded”: “Please come back tonight and you will see. Please”:
Will you come back? Fieta shook her head. Why not he pleaded; She lowered her head and bit
her lips. Shame at her thought, anxiety, and curiosity fought each other; And he would take the
rule, and re-measure, and find that he wanted half thirty
–
one and three
–
eighths inches from
the corner, and would try to do it in his head, and go mad. And we would try to do it in our heads,
and all arrive at different results, and sneer at one another.
Sodda va murakkab gaplar:
A hairless man entered the room at about 6:30, you are
neither bald
–
headed, nor ugly. Whose little eyes are these, whose little head? Anna Garflige
with granny Kandiki; Goree shook his head; Gert pushed his head round the kitchen door; Fieta
shook her head ; I blushed to the roots of my hair; She lowered her head and bit her lips; She put
her arms round his neck and rested her head on his chest and closed her eyes; He gave the
slightest shake of his head…; Monsieur Profond moved
his sleek head as if to minimize his
statement; He took off his hat; He gave the slightest shake of his head;
Bog‘langan qo‘shma gaplar:
On her head was a wreath of orange blossoms, perched
high on a mass of hair, and from it was thrown back a long veil; Denver and me were smoking
our pipes in headquarters, and in comes Hicks and unjoints himself…; His hands trembled and
a violent headache tortured him; The boat seemed stuffy, and my head ached . . .;
Ergash gapli qo‘shma gaplar:
When I went home to dinner, my hair insufficiently dried
and clinging lankily to my head, I remarked that I had met the curate and he was coming up that
afternoon; She was small and slight, but with rather large features, which made her head look
a littl
e too big for her div;… he said he had no head for them…; Though catastrophe
overwhelmed the family, they held their heads high and ignored it; “Why, what did she do?” I
asked, my eyes popping out of my head; When she lifted her head and looked into his face her
eyes were brilliant as stars;
“Head/bosh” konsepti chog‘ishtirilayotgan tillarda so‘z birikmalari orqali ifodalansa
-da,
ular faollik darajalariga ko‘ra (14.8 % ingliz tilida, 18.9 % o‘zbek tilida) bir
-birlaridan keskin
farq qiladilar.
Tahlillar, o‘zbek tilining frazeologik imkoniyatlari ingliz tili imkoniyatlaridan ko‘ra ancha
keng (7.7 %, 5.4 %) ekanligini ko‘rsatdi.
Har ikki tilda mazkur semantikaning ifoda vositalari sifatida paremiologik vositalar ham
xizmat qiladi. Paremiyalarning chog‘ishtirilayotgan tillardagi ulushi deyarli bir xil ekanligini
(3.8 %, 4.2%) aniqlandi.
Har ikki tilda ham paralingvistik vositalarning mazkur semantikani ifoda etishdagi
hissalari ancha past ekanligi (1.3 %; 5.5 %) ni ko‘rsatdi. Bizning fikrimizcha, bu tabiiy xol.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
4 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
94
Yuqorida nomi zikr etilgan verbal vositalar muloqot uchun zarur va asosiy vositalar yukini o‘z
zimmasiga olsa, paralingvistik vositalar muloqot uchun qo‘shimcha (lekin ayrim kontekstlarda
ular asosiy yukni o‘z zimmasiga olishligini ham e’tirof etgan xolda)
vosita vazifasini o‘taydilar.
Yuqorida tilga olingan verbal va noverbal vositalar jonli tillarda aloqa-aralashuv yoki
muloqotning eng muhim va asosiy sintaktik verbalizatori bo‘lgan gaplar tarkibida uchraydilar,
aynan gap tarkibida ularning bosh va hosila ma’no(sema)lari o‘zining haqiq
iy xususiyatlarini
namoyon etadilar. Shu nuqtayi nazardan, “head/bosh” konseptining lisoniy manzarasi sodda,
murakkab tarkibli sintaktik birliklar orqali namoyon bo‘lishni inobatga olgan holda, ular
borasida ham tahlillar o‘tkazildi. Shunisi qiziqarliki, chog‘ishtirilayotgan tillarda ergash gapli
qo‘shma gaplar bu borada dominantlik xususiyatiga ega (ingliz tilida 9.5 %, o‘zbek tilida 9.8%);
murakkab tarkibli sodda gaplar ikkinchi (5.3%; 6.0 %), pog‘onani egalladi. Lekin ingliz tilida
keyingi pog‘onani sodda gaplar (4 %) egallangan bo‘lsa, o‘zbek tilida bu o‘rinni bog‘langan
qo‘shma gaplar (5.3 %) egallamoqda. Ushbu konseptual semantikani o‘zbek tilida sodda gaplar
orqali ifodalanishi nisbatan kam uchrashi (3.5 %) kuzatildi.
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