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THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PAINTING IN UZBEKISTAN
Behzod Tilabovich Mahmudov
Docent, National Institute of Painting and Design named after Komolidin Behzod
Abstract:
This article covers the processes of the origin and formation of the history of painting
in Uzbekistan. The rich cultural heritage of Uzbekistan, its geographical and historical features
played an important role in the development of painting. The article analyzes the formation of
painting in ancient times, in particular, through applied art and religious images. The interaction
between major cultural centers in Uzbekistan, as well as different peoples and their fine arts,
created unique styles of painting. The article examines the most important stages in the history of
painting in Uzbekistan, and also draws attention to the place of this area in modern art.
Keywords:
painting, Uzbekistan, history, formation, cultural heritage, applied art, religious
images, styles, cultural centers, fine arts.
Introduction:
The territory of Uzbekistan is historically considered a territory with a rich
and important cultural heritage for the art of painting. In this territory, works of art, in particular,
the origin and formation of painting, have developed over the centuries. The geographical
location of Uzbekistan, the interaction between different peoples and cultures, as well as the
ancient cultural centers located here, have given rise to the creation of unique styles of painting.
Since ancient times, fine arts have been used in Uzbekistan not only for aesthetic, but also for
religious, religious-enlightening and practical purposes. Therefore, the origin and development
of painting at different historical stages has formed its own unique styles and forms.
Main part:
The development of painting in Uzbekistan dates back to ancient times.
However, the formation of painting is not only the drawing of the image, but also changes under
the influence of the cultural, religious and social environment of each era, and new forms and
styles have been formed. The art of painting in Uzbekistan has gone through several stages, and
each period has its own characteristics.
Ancient times
In ancient times, fine art was widespread in Uzbekistan, especially for religious and practical
purposes. The images found in the territories of ancient cities such as Khorezm, Bukhara and
Samarkand, the drawings and patterns created by people in ancient times, reflected the
worldview of those times. For example, the paintings found in Bukhara and Samarkand in recent
times were closely related to the religious ideas of that time. During this period, images were
often associated with religious themes, in particular, spiritual uplift and moral values.
Middle Ages
In the Middle Ages, new forms emerged in Uzbekistan under the influence of Islamic culture. In
particular, cities such as Bukhara, Samarkand and Khiva were not only religious centers, but also
centers of art and science. Islamic art also inspired artists to create modern painting styles.
During this period, colorful images and patterns on the walls of minarets and mosques reflected
various religious symbols, bringing a new sophistication and originality to the visual arts.
The period of renewal (19th-20th centuries)
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In the 19th and 20th centuries, new trends and styles emerged in art in Uzbekistan under the
influence of the Russian Empire. During this period, works created in classical and European
styles, as well as new forms of fine art that combined elements of folk art, developed. During
this period, painting was mainly aimed at reflecting social and cultural changes.
Modern era
Modern Uzbek fine arts are developing today, combining their national and global styles.
Today, painting is being enriched with new forms and trends that not only preserve national
traditions, but also include modern technologies. Uzbek artists, finding their place not only in
painting, but also in other types of fine arts, are demonstrating their talents on the international
stage.
These stages reflect the step-by-step development of the history of Uzbek fine arts. Each
era has had its own unique influence on the formation of painting, and this art form continues to
develop today.
Analysis and results:
The origin and formation of painting in Uzbekistan is a complex
process that depends on many historical, cultural, and social factors, and its development has
created its own forms and styles through different periods and cultural influences. The following
analysis explains the main stages of the history of painting and the process of its formation:
Geographical and cultural bridges: The geographical location of Uzbekistan has made it a
crossroads of different peoples and cultures. Many peoples and cultures have interacted in this
region, and as a result, painting has also benefited from these influences. The Great Silk Road,
which passed through Central Asia, created opportunities for the exchange of art and cultures.
These contacts found their highest form in ancient cities such as Samarkand and Bukhara. This
process, in turn, also had an impact on the development of painting.
The influence of Islamic culture: Another important stage in the formation of painting in
Uzbekistan is associated with the spread of Islamic culture. The history and culture of Islam gave
impetus to the creation of new forms of painting. Islamic art was especially inspired by
traditional religious images, patterns painted on the walls of mosques and madrasas, and
decorations in the style of Arabic script. At that time, colorful patterns and images painted on the
walls were used not only for aesthetic purposes, but also for religious and educational purposes.
Although there were some restrictions on the image in Islamic culture, the development of
patterns, geometric shapes, and arabesques formed new directions in painting.
Applied arts and folk art: The rich heritage of the Uzbek people in applied arts also
played an important role in the formation of painting. Folk art, in particular, variously patterned
tiles, carpets, and other works of applied art carried to the groom's house, served to develop
various forms of painting. Also, the interaction of fine arts and applied arts reflected the different
cultural traditions and lifestyles of peoples. The implementation of colorful ornaments and
patterns, along with their aesthetic goals, became a means of expressing the worldview and
spiritual values of the people.
Renaissance influence: Starting from the second half of the 19th century, the colonial
policy of Russia and the influence of the art of the Renaissance period initiated a new stage in
painting in Uzbekistan. During this period, international relations intensified, and European
classical art, in particular, major works of painting, entered Uzbekistan. New techniques and
materials in the depiction of European art, such as oil paints and parchments, began to be widely
used by Uzbek painters. At the same time, Uzbek artists tried to create forms that combined
modern and traditional styles.
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Painting in the modern era: During the years of independence, the painting of Uzbekistan
experienced its own unique period of development. While preserving their national traditions,
artists began to integrate into global art processes. Today, Uzbek painting is recognized
internationally. New works are being created based on national painting styles, folklore and
cultural heritage, combined with modern trends and techniques.
Preservation of national and cultural identity: Painting serves as an important tool in
reflecting and preserving the national culture of Uzbekistan. Themes and images expressing
national identity are imprinted in many works by Uzbek artists. At the same time, the art of
painting serves to preserve the historical, spiritual, and cultural values of the people.
Thus, the formation of the art of painting in Uzbekistan is closely related not only to
historical, but also to cultural, religious, social, and political processes. Works of art and styles
have been enriched with unique and new directions in each period, serving to reflect the inner
world of the people.
Conclusion:
The history of the art of painting in Uzbekistan is very rich and complex,
and its formation is closely related to various cultures, religious, and social processes. Since
ancient times, the art of painting in this region has been an important tool not only for aesthetic,
but also for religious, practical, and social purposes. The geographical location of Uzbekistan
and cultural ties through the Great Silk Road played a major role in the development of the
Uzbek art of painting. The influence of Islamic culture, as well as applied art and folk art, made
it possible to create unique styles.
The influence of European art during the Renaissance, as well as colonial policy at the
beginning of the 20th century, shaped new directions in the art of painting. During the years of
independence, Uzbek painting has been entering new forms, combining modern technologies
with national traditions. Today, Uzbek painting has found its place in global art processes, and
this area is recognized internationally.
Thus, Uzbek painting, with its historical development, interaction of different cultures
and forms that include modern trends, is of great importance not only on a national but also a
global scale. The art of painting serves not only as a means of preserving cultural heritage, but
also as an important means of understanding and expressing one's own history for new
generations.
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