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INTERPRETATION OF HUMAN VIRTUES IN THE WORKS OF ABU ALI IBN SINA
Izzatullayeva Gavhar Normurotovna
Teacher of the Department of Uzbek Language and Literature.
Bukhara State Technical University.
gavharizzatullayeva79@gmail.com Q.Murtazoyev 15.
Abstract:
This article explores the concept of human virtues in the works of Abu Ali Ibn Sina,
also known as Avicenna, a prominent philosopher and scientist of the Islamic Golden Age. The
study delves into the ethical and philosophical dimensions of Ibn Sina’s teachings, emphasizing
the virtues of wisdom, justice, temperance, and courage. Special attention is given to his
influence on moral philosophy and how his ideas contributed to later Islamic and Western ethical
thought. The discussion also covers the practical application of these virtues in individual
development and social harmony.
Kеywоrds:
human virtues, ethics, philosophy, Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Avicenna, wisdom, justice,
temperance, courage, moral philosophy, Islamic Golden Age.
INTRОDUСTIОN
Abu Ali Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna, was one of the most influential thinkers of the
medieval period, whose contributions to philosophy, medicine, and ethics have had a lasting
impact. His ethical philosophy, deeply rooted in Aristotelian and Neoplatonic traditions, presents
a well-structured approach to human virtues. Ibn Sina argued that virtues play a crucial role in
both personal development and social order. His emphasis on the balance between intellect and
morality laid the foundation for later philosophical discourses on ethics.
This article examines the core virtues Ibn Sina advocated, their significance, and their influence
on Islamic and Western moral philosophy. By analyzing his views on wisdom, justice,
temperance, and courage, we gain a deeper understanding of how he envisioned the ideal human
character.
Abu Ali ibn Sina, famously known as Avicenna's (980-1037) worldview and intellectual and
moral views are directly related to his Islamic and Sufi ideas. Ibn Sina was an enlightened poet.
He enables people to ignite the hearth of science and culture, knowledge and enlightenment, to
develop in a scientific way, to approach every issue scientifically and intellectually, to be honest
and conscientious - in short, to emdiv the best qualities of humanity and to elevate the great
name of man. Ibn Sina followed in the footsteps of Aristotle in his understanding of
metaphysical science. After Al-Farabi, he shows the difference between existence and non-
existence in relation to others and the difference between existence and non-existence in relation
to himself. Ibn Sina states that the God is eternal. Ibn Sina explained the concept of eternity
using the nooplatonic concept of emanation, in which he logically illuminated the transition from
primordial unity to the world of plural beings. The unity of the human div and soul forms the
living soul; a philosophical thinker is the basis of a div that is inclined to accept an intelligent
soul. Absolute truth is achieved through the inner feeling that is present at the highest point of
the thought process.
1. Wisdom (Hikmah)
Wisdom, according to Ibn Sina, is the highest virtue that governs all other virtues. He believed
that knowledge and rational thinking should guide human actions, ensuring that individuals make
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
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page 1359
decisions based on reason rather than impulse. His approach aligns with the classical Greek
concept of phronesis (practical wisdom) and the Islamic tradition of seeking knowledge (ilm).
2. Justice (Adl)
Justice, in Ibn Sina’s philosophy, extends beyond legal systems to include fairness in human
interactions. He considered justice to be a virtue that harmonizes society by ensuring that
individuals fulfill their roles ethically and responsibly. Ibn Sina argued that justice in governance
and social structures is essential for the stability and prosperity of a civilization.
3. Temperance (Iffah)
Temperance, or self-restraint, is another key virtue emphasized by Ibn Sina. He viewed
moderation in desires and emotions as fundamental to maintaining inner peace and a balanced
life. His teachings suggest that excessive indulgence in material pleasures leads to moral decay,
whereas self-discipline fosters a virtuous character.
4. Courage (Shaja'a)
Courage, according to Ibn Sina, is not just physical bravery but also moral courage – the ability
to stand by one's principles despite opposition. He associated this virtue with the strength to
uphold truth and justice, reinforcing the importance of moral integrity in leadership and daily life.
Table 1
The Four Cardinal Virtues in Ibn Sina’s Ethics
Virtue
Definition
Importance in Ethics
Wisdom
(Hikmah)
The ability to make rational and
informed decisions.
Leads to intellectual and moral
excellence.
Justice (Adl)
Fairness in dealings with others and
governance.
Ensures social harmony and ethical
conduct.
Temperance
(Iffah)
Self-restraint and control over desires. Maintains personal balance and
moral discipline.
Courage
(Shaja'a)
The ability to stand by moral
principles.
Strengthens integrity and leadership.
Ibn Sina’s Influence on Moral Philosophy
Ibn Sina’s ethical teachings had a profound influence on both Islamic and Western moral
philosophy. His integration of Aristotelian ethics into the Islamic intellectual tradition paved the
way for later scholars such as Al-Farabi and Al-Ghazali. Furthermore, his ideas reached Europe
through Latin translations, influencing medieval Christian philosophers like Thomas Aquinas.
In modern times, Ibn Sina’s virtues remain relevant as they provide a philosophical foundation
for ethical leadership, education, and personal development. His emphasis on rational thought
and ethical responsibility aligns with contemporary discussions on moral philosophy and human
rights.
СОNСLUSIОN
The ethical philosophy of Abu Ali Ibn Sina presents a holistic view of human virtues,
emphasizing the interplay between intellect, morality, and social responsibility. His teachings on
wisdom, justice, temperance, and courage provide timeless principles that continue to inspire
scholars and leaders alike. By revisiting his works, we gain valuable insights into the
development of moral thought and the enduring significance of virtue ethics in shaping human
character and society.
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
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