Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
44
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
44-48
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In the process of translation from one language to another, certain systematic differences are revealed in the field of
the lexical structure of the language and its grammatical structure. A serious difficulty in translation is the
phenomenon of equivalence.
KEYWORDS
Equivalence, source text, target text, realia, pragmatics
INTRODUCTION
Non-equivalent vocabulary is understood as foreign
words and expressions denoting objects, processes
and other realities of life, which at this stage do not
have equivalents in the language. A word
corresponding to a word in the source language is
relatively rare in the translated language, mainly
because the word in the source language refers to a
local phenomenon that does not exist in the
understanding of the people who speak the translated
language.
A source that does not have a corresponding lexical
equivalent in the language being studied is called a
non-equivalent vocabulary. The non-equivalence of the
lexical unit of the original language means that it does
not have an equivalent in the lexical system of the
studied language, that is, there is no "ready-made
Research Article
THE CONCEPT OF ``NON- EQUIVALENT`` VOCABULARY
Submission Date:
February 13, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 18, 2023,
Published Date:
February 23, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue02-09
Ismoilova Marxabo Abduraximovna
Eps Teacher, Bukhara State Medical Institute Named After Abu Ali Ibn Sino, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
45
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
44-48
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
word" substituted for it in the translation or a stable
phrase that can be accepted.
Non-equivalent vocabulary is the lexical units of one
language "which have neither full nor partial
equivalents among the lexical units of another
language".
There are three large categories of lexical units in the
non-equivalent dictionary:
1.
Proper names, geographical names, names of
institutions, organizations, newspapers, etc. Not only
little-known names and surnames are non-equivalent,
but also names that have an internal form, that is,
motivated, first of all, the so-called "speaking names":
Xolida , Anora, Yo`lchi, Odina;
2.
Realia - words denoting objects, concepts and
situations that do not exist in the practical experience
of people who speak a different language, for
example, the names of national cuisine dishes, types of
folk clothes, that is, objects of material and spiritual
culture;
3.
"Random gaps" - lexical units of one of the
languages, which for some reason do not have
matches in the lexical composition of another
language
Reasons for the existence of non-equivalence
vocabulary:
a)
The absence of an object or phenomenon in
the life of the people
b)
The absence of a concept in the target
language - the subject is there, but the word is not (in
Russian for a day(сутки)
- in English for ``day and
night``, ``24 hours``)
c)
Differences
in
lexical
and
stylistic
characteristics in languages (in Russian, a system of
suffixes is developed: дочь –
дочка –
доченька
(daughter), but there is no such things in English, one
concept of `` daughter`` can mean that 3 concepts of
Russian )
Groups of Non-equivalent lexics:
1.
Referential
non-equivalent
vocabulary:
realities; terms; phraseological units; individual
author's neologisms; semantic (conceptual) gaps;
words of broad semantics used in the text in their
broadest sense; compound words of various types, the
meanings of which can be conveyed in the target
language only through descriptive translation or
various transformations.
2.
Pragmatically
non-equivalent
vocabulary,
including:
a) various kinds of deviations from the general
language norm of the language, including both
territorial and social dialects, jargons, slang, taboo
vocabulary, archaisms and other collective deviations
from the general norm of the language, both
downward (dialectisms, substandard vocabulary,
liberties of oral speech) , and upward (archaisms,
poeticisms);
b) foreign inclusions, the referential meaning of which
is usually not difficult to convey, while their pragmatic
meaning is not always conveyed;
c) abbreviations, the pragmatics of which do not
always fit into the structure of the meaning of the
correspondence in the target language;
d) words with subjective evaluation suffixes;
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
46
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
44-48
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
e) interjections;
f) onomatopoeia;
g) associative gaps, that is, words that have certain
additional associations in the minds of native speakers
of a given language that are absent in the minds of
native speakers of another language, such as Russian
“crow” in the meaning of “разиня”, or “гусь”
-
“unreliable, roguish person”, etc.
Pragmatic non-equivalence is caused by a discrepancy
in the pragmatic meaning between the corresponding
lexical units of the source language and target
language, that is, a mismatch in the stylistic
characteristics, register or emotional coloring of these
lexical units when their referential meaning coincides.
Alternative-non-equivalent vocabulary, consisting of
the following groups: proper names (anthroponyms,
toponyms, company names, titles of books, films, etc.),
realities and phraseological units, the specificity of
which lies in the fact that, depending on the chosen
method of transmission in the target language , their
non-equivalence will be either referential or pragmatic.
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5.
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)
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Oscar Publishing Services
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