INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
SJIF 2019: 5.222 2020: 5.552 2021: 5.637 2022:5.479 2023:6.563 2024: 7,805
eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 05 (2025)
976
ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR COMPOSITION IN NAVOI CITY IN 2015,
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF AIR POLLUTION
Toshturdiyev Nurbek Nurali ugli
N
ational University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
Faculty of Physics, Department of Hydrometeorology
3
rd
year student
Phone: +998 88 910 42 46
Email:
nurbektoshturdiyev86@gmail.com
Abstract:
This scientific article provides information about the changes in the atmospheric
composition of Navoi city in 2015, including variations in gas concentrations and general levels
of air pollution. The article also extensively analyzes instances where harmful gases exceeded
permissible limits, highlighting their potential impact on human health and the environment.
Keywords:
Navoi city, atmosphere, air pollutants, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon
monoxide, ammonia, phenol.
In recent years, environmental issues—particularly air pollution—have become urgent
problems in various regions of Uzbekistan. This situation has worsened in some provinces due to
the influence of large industrial enterprises and natural-geographical conditions. The Navoi region
is not exempt from these environmental challenges. Industrial enterprises located in this area,
especially the "Navoiyazot" Joint Stock Company, lime production plants, and other sources, emit
large amounts of harmful substances into the air, posing serious threats to both human health and
the environment. In daily life, the deterioration of air quality is becoming increasingly evident
through the presence of coal smoke, dust, and other pollutants.
Therefore, this article analyzes the main causes of air pollution in the Navoi region, its impact on
human health, and the measures aimed at reducing the problem. Within the scope of the study, the
annual concentration of gases in the atmosphere was analyzed. The main sources of air pollution
in the city are industrial enterprises and vehicles. Among the pollutants released by industrial
facilities are dust, sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), ozone (O₃), phenol, and ammonia.
These substances degrade air quality and harm the environment.Dust consists of very fine solid or
liquid particles suspended in the air. Dust particles can penetrate deep into the human respiratory
tract, causing irritation, bronchitis, asthma, and other respiratory diseases. Long-term exposure to
dust is also harmful to the cardiovascular system and increases the risk of illness. In addition, dust
reduces visibility and decreases the amount of sunlight reaching the ground.Sulfur dioxide (SO₂)
is a colorless gas with a pungent odor, mainly produced by industrial enterprises and during the
combustion of coal or petroleum products. This gas irritates the respiratory tract, thereby
aggravating bronchitis and asthma. In the environment, sulfur dioxide contributes to the formation
of acid rain, which damages plants, aquatic organisms, and buildings.Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) are
gases mainly emitted from vehicles and industrial processes. They inflame the respiratory system
and worsen allergic reactions. In the atmosphere, nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rain and the
formation of ground-level ozone, intensifying pollution and the greenhouse effect.Ozone (O₃)
exists in two layers: in the upper stratosphere, it protects living organisms from harmful
ultraviolet radiation. However, in the lower troposphere near the Earth’s surface, ozone acts as a
pollutant. Tropospheric ozone harms the respiratory system, exacerbates asthma and other lung
diseases, slows plant growth, and negatively affects agricultural productivity.Phenol is a toxic
chemical substance often released into the air from industrial waste. Phenol irritates human skin
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
SJIF 2019: 5.222 2020: 5.552 2021: 5.637 2022:5.479 2023:6.563 2024: 7,805
eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 05 (2025)
977
and eyes, and at high concentrations, can cause poisoning. It also harms microorganisms in water
and soil, disrupting ecosystem balance.Ammonia (NH₃) is a colorless gas with a strong odor,
mainly produced by agricultural activities, fertilizer usage, and animal waste. Ammonia causes
irritation of the respiratory tract and eyes, and at high concentrations, can lead to poisoning.
Table 1. Monthly Average Composition of Atmospheric Air in Navoi City in 2015
Average Monthly Concentration (mg/m³)
No Months
Dus
t
Sulfur
dioxide
Carbo
n
monoxi
-de
Nitr
ogen
dio-
xide
Nitrogen
oxide,
Phe-
nol
Ammonia Ozon
e
1
January
0.0
0.002
1
0.04 0.04
0.001 0.04
-
2
February
0.1
0.002
1
0.04 0.03
0.003 0.03
-
3
March
0.1
0.002
1
0.04 0.03
0.002 0.02
-
4
April
0.1
0.002
1
0.04 0.04
0.001 0.03
0.016
5
May
0.1
0.002
1
0.04 0.04
0.001 0.02
0.018
6
June
0.1
0.003
1
0.06 0.05
0.002 0.04
0.015
7
July
0.1
0.003
2
0.06 0.06
0.002 0.04
0.018
8
August
0.1
0.003
1
0.06 0.05
0.002 0.04
0.017
9
September 0.1
0.002
1
0.06 0.05
0.001 0.03
0.019
10 October
0.1
0.002
1
0.05 0.04
0.001 0.02
0.012
11 November 0.1
0.002
0
0.04 0.04
0.001 0.03
-
12 December
0.1
0.002
1
0.05 0.04
0.001 0.03
-
Annual
Average
0.09
1
0.0022
1
0.04
8
0.0425
0.001
5
0.031
0.009
6
According to data observed in 2015, the monthly concentration of dust particles in the atmosphere
was recorded at approximately 0.1 g/m³, with the amount of dust particles reaching zero in
January. The concentration of sulfur dioxide did not show significant fluctuations, but an increase
was observed during the summer months of June to August. Similarly, nitrogen dioxide levels
also rose from June to September. The main reason for this is the high air temperature in Navoi
city during the summer, which causes pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides to
remain longer in the atmosphere. In hot weather, the temperature difference between air layers
decreases, preventing pollutants from rising upwards and causing them to accumulate near the
ground.
Table 2. Daily Average Composition of Atmospheric Air in Navoi City in 2015
Average Daily Concentration (mg/m³)
N
o
Months
Dus
t
Sulfur
dioxid
e
Carbon
monoxi
-de
Nitroge
n
dioxide
Nitroge
n oxide,
Phe-
nol
Ammoni
a
Ozone
1
January
0.15 0.05
1
0.04
0.04
0.001
0.04
-
2
February
0.15 0.05
3
0.04
0.06
0.003
0.03
-
3
March
0.15 0.05
3
0.04
0.06
0.003
0.04
4
April
0.15 0.05
3
0.04
0.06
0.001
0.03
0.07
5
May
0.15 0.05
3
0.04
0.04
0.003
0.04
0.018
6
June
0.15 0.05
3
0.04
0.06
0.003
0.04
0.015
7
July
0.15 0.05
3
0.04
0.06
0.003
0.04
0.018
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
SJIF 2019: 5.222 2020: 5.552 2021: 5.637 2022:5.479 2023:6.563 2024: 7,805
eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 05 (2025)
978
8
August
0.15 0.05
3
0.04
0.06
0.003
0.04
0.07
9
Septembe
r
0.15 0.05
3
0.04
0.06
0.005
0.09
0.043
10 October
0.15 0.05
3
0.04
0.06
0.003
0.04
0.07
11 November 0.15 0.05
3
0.04
0.06
0.003
0.04
-
12 December 0.15 0.05
3
0.04
0.06
0.003
0.04
-
Annual
Average
0.15 0.05
2.83
0.04
0.058
0.002
8
0.0425
0.025
3
Data observed throughout 2015 indicate that the monthly concentrations of atmospheric pollutants
fluctuated over the months, with their maximum values varying as well. Specifically, exceedances
of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) standards were recorded twice in January, March, April, and October;
14 times in June; 4 times in July; 3 times in August; and 6 times in September. The increase in
nitrogen dioxide levels negatively impacts human health and the environment. NO₂ irritates the
respiratory tract, exacerbating cough, asthma, and bronchitis, posing particular risks for children
and the elderly. It also contributes to acid rain, leading to soil and water pollution. Furthermore,
under sunlight, NO₂ participates in smog formation, deteriorating air quality and visibility.
Several key factors contribute to the rise of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) levels in Navoi city. First,
large industrial enterprises located in the city, notably the Navoi Mining and Metallurgical
Combinat and other industrial facilities, emit significant amounts of nitrogen oxides during fuel
combustion and high-temperature manufacturing processes. Second, the high number of vehicles,
combined with insufficiently developed road infrastructure and resulting traffic congestion,
increases atmospheric nitrogen dioxide concentrations. Nitrogen oxides are generated during the
combustion of automobile fuel, thereby contributing to air pollution.In 2015, the levels of air
pollutants in the region were high. Navoi city, Konimekh, Karmana, and Tomdi districts stood out
as the areas with the largest shares of pollution. The increasing number of industrial enterprises
and vehicles has led to a rise in atmospheric air pollution. This situation demands serious
measures to protect the environment and human health.
In conclusion, changes in air composition and the increase in pollutant concentrations in Navoi
city in 2015 caused significant ecological problems. Analysis shows that the main harmful
substances released into the atmosphere were nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO),
sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and dust particles, which originated from industrial enterprises, vehicles, and
fuel combustion processes. These gases pose serious threats not only to ecosystems but also to
human health. In particular, the increase in respiratory diseases and the reduction of biodiversity
are direct consequences of this situation. Based on the data presented in this article, it is
substantiated that strengthening the environmental monitoring and control system across the
region, as well as implementing clean technologies, is essential.
References:
1.
Navoi Regional Hydrometeorology Department. Monthly Reports on the Atmospheric Air
Conditions in Navoi City, 2018.
2.
Navoi Regional Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection. Reports, 2015.
3.
“Atmosfera havosining ifloslanishi va inson salomatligi” – Toshkent, 2014.
4.
Karimov A.A. – “Ekologiya asoslari”, Toshkent: Fan, 2013.
www.eco.uz, www.stat.uz
