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SJIF 2019: 5.222 2020: 5.552 2021: 5.637 2022:5.479 2023:6.563 2024: 7,805
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AIR POLLUTION IN THE CITY OF NAVOI IN 2019 AND ITS ANALYSIS
Toshturdiyev Nurbek Nurali ugli
National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
Faculty of Physics, Department of Hydrometeorology
3
rd
year student
Phone: +998 88 910 42 46
Email:
nurbektoshturdiyev86@gmail.com
Abstract:
This scientific article provides information on air pollution in the city of Navoi based
on observations conducted in 2019 to study the composition of the atmospheric air. The article
also briefly describes certain meteorological parameters observed throughout the year and their
characteristics.
Keywords:
Navoi city, atmosphere, pollutant gases, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon
monoxide, ammonia, phenol.
Air pollution is one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time. Public health,
environmental quality, and sustainable development are often directly linked to air cleanliness.
As one of the industrial centers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Navoi city is not exempt from
this problem. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the state of air pollution in Navoi
during 2019, its causes, chemical composition, health risks, and the results of monitoring.
The article scientifically addresses the concentration levels of various air pollutants (such as
dust, SO₂, NO₂, CO) identified in the atmosphere of Navoi city in 2019, their sources, and their
socio-economic consequences. Data from the State Committee for Ecology, UzHydromet, and
other official sources are used as the basis for analysis. Due to its location in a desert region,
Navoi city has a sharply continental climate characterized by hot, dry summers and cold, dry
winters.
Table 1.
Meteorological Parameters Observed in 2019
Average Annual Values
Long-Term
Indicators
Year 2019
Number
of
days
with
precipitation
65
40
Average wind speed (m/s)
2,3
3,0
Frequency of wind speed 0–1
m/s, %
44,3
44,9
[Frequency of fog in cold
months (%)
7,1
2
It is evident from the data that the number of days with precipitation in 2019 was significantly
lower than the long-term average. This indicates that 2019 was a drought year. The main reason
for this is the ongoing global climate warming, which leads to an increase in air temperature
worldwide. Let us now examine the distribution of these values by months in 2019:
Table 2.
Meteorological Descriptions for the City in 2019
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№
Meteorological
Parameters
Months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
1. Number of days
with precipitation
8
8
4
5
6
0
0
1
1
0
1
6
2. Frequency of
foggy days (%)
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3. Wind speed 0–1
m/s
16 11 13 12 13 7
18 14 18 15 14 13
4. Percentage of
calm (windless)
days (%)
32
13
10
4
18
8
10
4
23
9
16
7
20
8
26
10
36
16
28
11
35
11
68
27
Analyzing the table data, the highest precipitation was recorded in January and February, while
almost no precipitation was observed in June, July, and October. The occurrence of foggy days
was also minimal throughout the year, appearing only in January and November. Regarding
wind characteristics, wind speeds reached their peak in July and September, whereas the lowest
wind speed was recorded in July.
Atmospheric monitoring in Navoi city, which involves measuring the composition of gases in
the air and their emissions, is conducted continuously at three stations. Now, let us focus on the
analysis of observations carried out throughout 2019.
Table 3.
Characteristics of Air Pollution in Navoi City (in mg/m³)
№
Pollutant
Gases
Average
Values
(mg/m³)
Maximum
Values
(mg/m³)
Number
of
Observations
01
Dust
0,10
0,5
912
02
Sulfur dioxide
0,005
0,028
1827
05
Nitrogen
dioxide
1
4
912
06
Nitric oxide
0,05
0,10
1827
07
Ozone
0,04
0,10
912
10
Phenol
0,011
0,023
256
19
Ammonia
0,002
0,006
912
Let us consider the observed values of each pollutant gas throughout the year separately:
The annual average concentration of dust in 2019 was 0.1 mg/m³, which is 0.7 times lower than
the sanitary standard allowable annual average concentration. The maximum one-time
concentration reached 0.5 mg/m³, equal to the permitted maximum limit (1.0 times the allowed
standard). This value was recorded at Station No. 1 during a dust storm. Over the year, 912
sample observations of dust concentration were conducted.
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Figure 1. Monthly Variations of Dust Concentration in 2019.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) Concentration. The annual average concentration of sulfur dioxide was
evenly distributed across the city and amounted to 0.005 mg/m³. This value is significantly
below the permissible annual average limit of 0.1 mg/m³ according to sanitary standards. The
maximum one-time concentration was 0.028 mg/m³, which is 0.06 times lower than the
permitted maximum limit. Throughout the year, 1827 sample observations of SO₂ were
conducted.
Figure 2. Monthly Variations of Sulfur Dioxide Concentration in 2019.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Concentration.The annual average concentration of carbon monoxide
was 1 mg/m³, which corresponds to 0.3 times the permissible annual limit according to sanitary
standards. The maximum one-time concentration was 4 mg/m³, equal to 0.8 times the permitted
maximum limit. During the year, 912 sample observations of carbon monoxide were conducted.
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) and Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations. The annual average
concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) was 0.05 mg/m³, which is 1.25 times higher than the
permissible limit according to sanitary standards. The maximum one-time concentration was
0.10 mg/m³, exceeding the permitted maximum limit by 1.1 times. This situation was observed
at Station No. 3, near industrial enterprises, influenced by transport and western winds. The
NO₂ concentration exceeded the daily permissible limit in 1% of all observations. Throughout
the year, 1827 observations were conducted.
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The annual average concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was 0.04 mg/m³, corresponding to 0.5
times the permissible annual limit. The maximum one-time concentration was 0.10 mg/m³,
which is 0.25 times the permitted maximum limit. During the year, 912 sample observations
were conducted.
Figure 3. Monthly fluctuations of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) concentration in 2019.
Figure 4. Monthly variations of nitric oxide (NO) concentration in 2019.
Concentrations of Ozone, Phenol, and Ammonia. Ozone (O₃). The annual average
concentration of ozone was 0.011 mg/m³, which is below the sanitary norm limit of 0.2 mg/m³.
The maximum one-time concentration was 0.023 mg/m³, also below the permitted maximum
concentration (0.2 PDK m.r.). Throughout the year, 256 sample observations were conducted
for ozone.
Phenol (C₆H₅OH). The annual average concentration of phenol was 0.002 mg/m³,
corresponding to 0.3 of the sanitary norm limit (PDK s.s.). The maximum one-time
concentration was 0.006 mg/m³, equal to 0.6 PDK m.r. In total, 912 observations of phenol
were performed during the year.
Ammonia (NH₃). The annual average concentration of ammonia was 0.03 mg/m³, equal to 0.75
PDK s.s. The maximum one-time concentration was 0.08 mg/m³, which corresponds to 0.5
PDK m.r. Throughout the year, 993 ammonia observations were recorded.
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
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Conclusion: The air quality monitoring conducted in Navoi city during 2019 shows that the
concentrations of harmful substances in the air mostly remained within the sanitary norms.
However, some exceedances were observed, particularly for nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and dust
particles. The highest pollution levels were recorded near industrial enterprises, areas with
dense traffic, and during unfavorable meteorological conditions (western wind, calm weather).
The annual average concentration of nitrogen dioxide reached 1.25 PDK s.s., and its maximum
concentration was 1.1 PDK m.r., indicating an exceedance of the permissible limit. Other
harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, phenol, and ammonia
remained below the permitted annual and one-time limits, indicating that they did not
significantly pollute the air.
References:
1. Annual reports on atmospheric pollution in Navoi city for 2019. Navoi regional GMB.
2. Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Climate Change of the Republic of
Uzbekistan. “Atmospheric Air Pollution Monitoring Data Across the Republic (2019–2020),”
Tashkent, 2021.
3. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Sog‘liqni saqlash vazirligi. “Atmosfera havosining
ifloslanishiga oid sanitar me’yorlar va ruxsat etilgan konsentratsiyalar (PDK)”, Toshkent:
Me’yoriy hujjatlar to‘plami, 2018.
4. Raxmatullaev B. Sh., To‘xtayev A. S. Meteorologiya va iqlimshunoslik asoslari. –
Toshkent: O‘zbekiston Milliy universiteti nashriyoti, 2017.
5. Мирзажанов М.М. Атмосферный воздух и его загрязнение. – Ташкент: Фан, 2016.
