The article examines the emergence, formation and development of such small prose genres in Hindi and Punjabi literature as a sketch ("rekhachitra"), also their distinctive features, and role in literature. The Rekhachitra (image) genre is a virtually unexplored genre in Russian Indology. There are opinions given of some Russian Indologists, such as E.P. Chelysheva, A.P. Senkevich and N.P. Utekhina also the opinions of some Hindi literature scholars, in particular, Mahendra Kumar Dhingra, Lakshmisagar Varshaya, Nagendra and Tripathi on this genre. An attempt made to shed light on this topic using the example of the works of writers in the genre of "rekhachitr" (image). Speaking about the origin of the documentary-journalistic genre of sketching, it should be noted that it is directly related to the development of the media in the Hindi language. It was in them that the first works of this type, written in different genres, appeared, the best of which later made up his "golden fund". The sketching genre has come a long way before it emerged as an independent genre. Today it is not a story or an essay, but a separate genre based on its own laws, and, of course, a story, essay and other genres that develop in accordance with changing times and social life. Today it is not a story or an essay, but a separate genre based on its own laws, and, of course, a story, essay and other genres that develop in accordance with changing times and social life. This article provides some reflections on this genre.
In The article examines the emergence, formation and development of such small prose genres in Hindi and Punjabi literature as a sketch ("rekhachitra"), their distinctive features, features and role in literature. The Rekhachitra (image) genre is a virtually unexplored genre in Russian Indology. There are opinions of some Russian Indologists, such as E.P. Chelysheva, A.P. Senkevich and N.P. Utekhina. The article also cites the opinion of some Hindi literary scholars, in particular, Mahendra Kumar Dhingra, Lakshmisagar Varshaya, Nagendra and V. Tripathi on this genre. An attempt is made to shed light on this topic using the example of the works of writers in the genre of "rekhachitr" (image).
XVI-XVII века были переломными в экономической и социально-политической жизни народов Средней Азии. Этот период имеет важное значение не только с исторической, но и современной точки зрения, связанной с историей создания самостоятельного узбекского государства. В статье отмечается, что объективное освещение богатого наследия мыслителей Средней Азии эпохи позднего средневековья имеет большое научное и практическое значение.
The article outlines the evolutionary views of Uzbek ethnogenesis and ethnic history. Historical, ethnographical, archaeological, anthropological, linguistic scientific literature, their concepts and the methodology of historian scientists have not been studied in whole or in part on the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people. This scientific article is a scientific research, which explores the topic in detail and encourages to the scientific reasoning and research. The article reflects monographs, articles, published in various publications and press releases of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Particularly, scientific researches conducted by historians such as A. Yu. Yakubovsky, S. Tolstov, A. A. Semeyonov, B. A. Litvinsky, K. Sh. Shoniyazov, A. Askarov, Rakhim Masov and others, their views and its basis were given in the article. During years of the independence, scientists have conducted scientific research on the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people, its gradual intensification and prosperity. In the works of Jabborov new findings on ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people on the basis of written sources and partly archeological findings have been made. А. А. Askarov, T. K. Hodjaev and other’s works have studied not only ethnogenesis, but also ethnic history issues on the basis of archaeological and anthropological research. The research of Uzbek anthropologists enriched the ethnogenesis of Uzbeks and proved the truthfulness of the findings of historians, ethnographers and archeologists. This article demonstrates the objective approach in the coverage of the ethnogenesis of the Uzbek people can be clearly seen and their analysis is understandable.
Modern Tamil literature is distinguished by the versatility of its creators. Just as the literature of the peoples of India was influenced by foreign literature, such prose genres as short story, essay, and novel were introduced into Tamil literature. Samples of the work of European and Russian writers had been translated into Tamil and new works in the spirit of realism began to be created. Inspired by the works of Russian artists, the Tamil writer Chinnappa Bharati takes his place among Tamil realists. The article deals with the life and works of Chinnappa Bharati, the ideological content of his novels, as well as the writer’s contribution to Tamil novelistic. In the introductory part of the article, a brief overview of the stages of development of the Tamil language and literature is given, and in the main part, the life and creative path of Chinnappa Bharati, his novels, and the level of knowledge of Chinnappa Bharati’s work are described in detail. Studies have shown that Chinnappa Bharati is not only a creative figure, but also a person who is actively involved in the socio-political processes of society. Although Chinnappa Bharati started his career with poetry, he is a multi-faceted writer who can successfully perform in such prose genres as short story, essay, article, novel. The article also compared the works of Yashpal and Chinnappa Bharati. As a result, aspects of the commonality and differences of their creativity were also studied. As a result of the comparative analysis, i is established that the work of both writers combines the similarity of thoughts, the presence of ideas that call for striving for creativity, and it is also revealed that they are writers who love their people and fight for justice. It is also noted that Chinnappa Bharati stands out among his contemporaries as a writer who has his own style in artistic creation, and the main reason for this is that the plot of his works is based on reality.