The mitral valve is a complex, complex anatomical structure that consists of 4 main components: FCMC, the valve leaflets themselves, tendinous chords and papillary muscles. Accordingly, the normal operation of the valve depends on the correct operation of each individual component, and the dysfunction of one of the structures can lead to disruption of the valve and the further development of insufficiency.
Aging is a decrease in the orderliness of body structures with age and an increase in their degree of wear, which is expressed in a decrease in the viability of the body, a decrease in functionality and adaptability, as well as an increase in the likelihood of diseases and death from various causes.
The “gut-brain axis” is a bi-directional system of interaction between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which consists of closely related neural and humoral pathways. There is now evidence, mainly from animal studies using gnotobiological models and by irritating the microbiota with antibacterial drugs, that gut bacteria are important in the gut-brain axis, acting here as modulators, and signaling pathway intermediaries.
A conditioned reflex (temporal connection) is an individual reaction acquired during life through learning (as opposed to an unconditioned (innate) reflex). It is produced under certain conditions: the coincidence in time of the unconditioned stimulus and the neutral stimulus (a classic example: the presentation of food with the simultaneous ignition of a light bulb), as a result of which a reaction (for example, salivation) appears after a while to the presentation of only a neutral stimulus.
The article is devoted to the issues of teaching the new, so-called, digital generation. The author proposes to consider the game as a complete learning tool and use the interest in the game for cognitive activity.
Functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract tract - diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that are not associated with organic lesions and include a number of individual idiopathic disorders affecting various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with visceral hypersensitivity and impaired motor function.
Diseases noted in pediatric gastroenterology refer to the digestive system in ontogeny, depending on the level of development of its members. On the example of the development of ontogenesis of the transport conveyor in children, the emergence and development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is compared.
In our work, the stress reaction of the body, manifested in the digestive organs, was noted. Aggressiveness is an important form of zoosocial behavior in animals of different species, having adaptive significance and manifested by a species-specific set of behavioral reactions [4, 5]. But the peculiarities of the functioning of the digestive organs, depending on the behavioral characteristics of the body, are not sufficiently studied either in a normal state or under stress.
The article presents data on the study of the activity and topography of enteral enzymes in rats of mixed, non- aggressive and aggressive groups under conditions of immobilization stress. The experiments were carried out on adult outbred rats. The experiment revealed that the topography of the enzymatic activities of the corresponding enzymes in the mucosal homogenate taken along the entire small intestine is more variable.
The thyroid gland (glandula thyroidea) is an unpaired endocrine organ whose function is regulated by the central nervous system and the thyroid-stimulating hormone of the anterior pituitary gland.
The gland is located in the region of the anterior triangle of the neck (trigonum cervicale anterius), bounded from above by the base of the lower jaw, from below by the jugular notch of the sternum, on the sides by the anterior edges of the right and left sternocleidomastoid muscles.
The human thyroid gland is an unpaired organ consisting of two lobes connected by an isthmus. Normally, the thyroid gland is located on the anterior surface of the neck, fixed to the anterior and lateral surfaces of the trachea and larynx with connective tissue. The cells of the thyroid gland have a dual origin.
The steady increase in the incidence and mortality of the population from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is one of the most important factors in the formation of a difficult demographic situation in the world, from which society suffers significant human losses and economic damage.