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SANITARY AND PARASITOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PREVENTIVE AND ANTI-
EPIDEMIC MEASURES
Bayhanova Nasiba
Andijan State Medical Institute
Abstract:
The system of preventive and anti-epidemic measures is a component of targeted
management of the epidemic process. Environmental factors are an integral part of the
epidemiological ecosystem and are capable of playing the role of regulators of the interaction
process of its components, activating or inhibiting them. Such regulatory functions are carried
out by influencing, first of all, its extraorganismal part, living on various objects of the
environment. Changes in the state of environmental factors, capable of activating the interaction
of the members of the parasitic system, should be considered as prerequisites for the
complication of the epidemic situation. [1]. For example, the redistribution of helminthiasis
pathogens in the soil during floods and natural disasters create prerequisites for the complication
of epidemiological situations.
Kеywоrds:
parasitic diseases, sanitation, epidemic control, helminths, protozoa, public health,
surveillance.
INTRОDUСTIОN
Preventive measures are a system of state, social, hygienic and medical measures aimed at
ensuring a high level of health and preventing diseases. Measures related to the neutralization of
possible sources of infection (invasion) and suppression of possible routes of spread
(transmission) of diseases include: protection of the natural environment (soil, water sources, etc.)
from contamination with human and animal feces, wastewater and its sediment; improvement of
populated areas (construction and reconstruction of sewerage, water supply, etc.); control over
the compliance of environmental objects with regulatory indicators for safety for public health;
sanitary supervision of the territory and water supply of populated areas, of the production,
transportation and trade of food products; veterinary sanitary supervision at slaughterhouses,
meat-packing plants, markets and livestock farms; detection and sanitation of carriers of
pathogens of parasitic diseases, promotion of knowledge on personal disease prevention among
people [1].
MАTЕRIАLS АND MЕTHОDS
Anti-epidemic measures are a set of sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive and
organizational (administrative) measures aimed at localizing and eliminating foci and preventing
transmission routes of infectious diseases. The measures include: active identification of patients
and carriers of pathogens, registration and treatment, hospitalization if necessary, dispensary
observation after treatment; neutralization or destruction (as indicated) of animals - sources of
invasion; neutralization of epidemiologically significant objects of the natural environment from
the invasive principle (pathogens of parasitic diseases); control and supervision of environmental
objects as factors of disease transmission; a wide range of sanitary and preventive measures in
populated areas. In the system (complex) of general preventive and anti-epidemic measures for
parasitoses, in addition to the analysis of the incidence and morbidity of the population,
examination of epidemiologically significant objects, identification of sources of invasions,
treatment and dispensary observation, health education, development of comprehensive plans for
the prevention of parasitic diseases, elements of a sanitary and parasitological nature are
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important, presented below.
RЕSULTS АND DISСUSSIОN
Anti-epidemic measures [2]:
- epidemiological survey of the outbreak when cases of intestinal protozoa are detected;
- sanitary and hygienic and disinvasion measures, impact on transmission factors (disinfection of
feces of patients and parasite carriers, disinvasion of manure and manure runoff, etc.);
preventive measures:
- analysis of data on contamination of environmental objects with pathogens of protozoa;
- sanitary and parasitological control in the premises of children's institutions, public catering
organizations, etc.;
- protection of water bodies from pollution by wastewater, surface runoff;
- sanitary and parasitological control over the quality of drinking water and water of surface
water bodies;
- organization of technology for keeping animals, ensuring their protection from possible
infection with protozoa;
- assessment of the effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures.
In case of geohelminthiasis.
Anti-epidemic measures [3]:
- epidemiological survey of the outbreak (micro-focus) upon detection of geohelminthiasis;
- sanitary and parasitological monitoring of epidemiologically significant objects of the
environment;
- control over the safety of food plant products;
- laboratory control of soil quality;
- disinfestation of soil, sewage;
- inadmissibility of using feces as fertilizers;
- deregistration of the micro-focus in case of negative results of sanitary and helminthological
control of the soil.
Preventive measures:
- analysis of the results of sanitary and parasitological studies of epidemiologically significant
objects of the environment;
- sanitary and parasitological control over disinfestation of wastewater discharged from sewage
treatment plants, as well as wastewater sludge, including that used for irrigation and fertilization;
- assessment of the effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures [4].
СОNСLUSIОN
Preventive and anti-epidemic measures are most effective when they address both the sanitary
and parasitological dimensions of disease ecology. Parasites exploit weaknesses in
environmental health systems, social behavior, and public infrastructure, making them persistent
threats in both endemic and emergent contexts. Integrated approaches — combining water and
sanitation services, vector control, laboratory diagnostics, and health education — are essential
for long-term control and outbreak prevention. Strengthening parasitological expertise within
public health institutions is a strategic necessity for building resilient healthcare systems capable
of withstanding future epidemic threats.
RЕFЕRЕNСЕS
1.
Ziegelbauer, K., Speich, B., Mäusezahl, D., Bos, R., Keiser, J., & Utzinger, J. (2012).
Effect of sanitation on soil-transmitted helminth infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.
PLoS Medicine, 9
(1), e1001162. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001162
2.
Strunz, E. C., Addiss, D. G., Stocks, M. E., Ogden, S., Utzinger, J., & Freeman, M. C.
(2014). Water, sanitation, hygiene, and soil-transmitted helminth infection: a systematic review
and
meta-analysis.
PLoS
Medicine,
11
(3),
e1001620.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001620Википедия+1Википедия+1
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3.
World Health Organization. (2015).
Water, sanitation and hygiene for accelerating and
sustaining progress on neglected tropical diseases: A global strategy 2015–2020
. Geneva: WHO
Press. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241508157Википедия+1Википедия+1
4.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Parasites – General information.
Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/index.html
