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MODERN SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM OF PLACING UNDERGROUND
ENGINEERING NETWORKS IN LARGE CITIES, ECONOMIC APPROACHES AND
PROSPECTS.
Usmonov Quvat Turdiyevich
,
c.t.s.. associate prof
assistant
Orazbayeva Nazokat Maksetovna
.
Email: nazokat@6563gmail.com
Tashkent University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.
Annotatsiya:
Shahar hududlarida YoMTning zichlashuvi, eskirishi va ta'mirlash qiyinligi kabi
muammolar ko'rib chiqiladi. YoMTni joylashtirishda qo'llaniladigan ilg'or texnologiyalar,
jumladan, GIS, 3D modellashtirish va sensorli monitoring tizimlari o'rganiladi
Kalit so'zlar:
yer osti muhandislik tarmoqlari, shaharsozlik, GIS, 3D modellashtirish, aqlli
tarmoqlar, barqaror infratuzilma, yer osti kommunikatsiyalari, urbanizatsiya, innovatsion
yechimlar.
Annotatsiya:
Рассматриваются такие проблемы, как плотность, устаревание и
внимательность обслуживания общественного транспорта в городских районах.
Изучаются системы ГИС, 3D-моделирования и сенсорного мониторинга.
Ключевые слова
: подземные инженерные сети, городское планирование, ГИС,
3Dмоделирование, интеллектуальная сеть, устойчивая инфраструктура, подземные
коммуникации, урбанизация, инновационные решения.
Abstract:
Issues such as conGEStion, aging, and maintenance of public transport in urban areas
are addressed. Advanced technologies used in the deployment of public transport, including
transponderless technologies
Keywords:
underground engineering networks, urban planning, networkless technologies, GIS,
3D modeling, smart grids, underground communications, urbanization, innovative solutions.
Introduction:
The steady growth of the population in cities and the acceleration of the
urbanization process are placing increasing economic and social demands on urban infrastructure,
namely underground engineering networks (UEN). UEN is an element of important civil
engineering sectors that ensure the vital activity of cities and includes the following services:
electricity, hot and cold water, gas, communications and sewage. In developed cities,
underground engineering networks (UEN) are an important component of modern society,
providing daily vital services to city residents. Ensuring the uninterrupted operation of UEN is
important for the sustainable development of cities.
Underground engineering networks are mainly located under the city's street and road networks.
The procedures for their placement are based on regulatory documents governing the field of
urban development. These regulatory documents establish the following procedure for the
placement of underground engineering networks in the cross section of a city street: high and
low voltage cables are placed between the construction line and the red line (communication,
signal, telephone, and dispatcher, etc.); underground engineering networks such as hot and cold
water and gas are placed between the red line of the street and the carriageway; a pipeline for
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draining wastewater generated from the area is placed under the carriageway of the street[1].
However, existing public transport systems in developed cities face a number of problems.
The dense location and aging of the networks, i.e., much of the TSO infrastructure was
built several decades ago and is now in need of renovation and is aging.
The difficulty of repair and maintenance, as TSOs are often located in densely populated
and heavily trafficked urban areas, making it difficult to carry out repairs.
The negative impact on the environment can lead to excavations in the area, soil erosion,
and groundwater pollution;
The complexity of management and monitoring, which reduces efficiency due to the lack
of coordination between engineering networks managed by different organizations.
From an economic point of view, the costs of constructing and maintaining underground
engineering systems can be more expensive than above-ground systems.
1.
Considering the separate placement of engineering networks, we can see the impact on
road infrastructure. The following processes are carried out for the placement of engineering
networks:
Excavation works open the road layers for the installation of underground communications.
Laying pipes and cables - water, gas, electricity - communication and sewage networks are laid.
Road surface restoration - excavated areas are re-asphalted or covered with concrete. Such
processes lead to rapid wear of city roads and increase operating costs.
2.
From an economic point of view, excavation and repair of road layers is one of the
significant sources of costs when laying underground engineering networks. On average,
excavation and laying of pipes - 150,000 - 500,000
USD per 1 km is required.
•
Asphalt
•
Fine-grained concrete: 10-12 cm
•
Waterproofing
•
Crushed stone fraction 5-40 mm: 15-20 cm
•
Sand (sand): 15-20 cm
•
Soil (soil
Figure 1. Cross-section of the road surface layers
.
Consists of soil, sand, gravel and asphalt layers from bottom to top. The asphalt layer is laid with
a slope (0.8-1.5%) and the thickness of each layer is given in centimeters.
Comparing underground and above-ground engineering networks, we can see the costs for
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repairing 1 m
2
of asphalt road in the table below.
Table 1
Types of costs
Work performed
Expense account S. (US
dollars)
Excavation work
Removal of earthworks
100-110
Removal of old asphalt
Leveling of the base layer
50-120
Soil compaction
Use of mechanisms
60-120
Gravel laying
Gravel sand mixture
80-150
Gravel sand mixture
Asphalt subgrade preparation
layer
100-120
Coarse-grained asphalt laying Leveling of coarse-grained
asphalt
150-180
Laying fine-grained asphalt
5-10 cm thick asphalt
200-300
Strengthening the edges of the
road
Curbs and other elements
50-150
Installation and drawing of
signs
Drawing of road lines
35-80
Total costs (1m2)
On average
800-1300
It can be seen that the cost of repairing 1 m
2
of asphalt road can be approximately 800-1300 US
dollars, and for a complete repair of 1 km of asphalt road -
100,000-1,000,000
US dollars. In
addition, the dynamics of prices may vary depending on the specifics of each area and the project.
Given the high cost of each hectare of urban area, it is necessary to narrow the width of the
streets. It is advisable to place underground engineering networks and communications under the
streets not in a single or common trench, but in common collectors. Placing collectors only under
the sidewalk is a progressive method in urban engineering improvement[1].
Although underground engineering networks initially require large costs, it is recommended to
place them in a system of collectors that will allow for efficient use of the territory and
environmental sustainability in the long term. Reducing costs through modern technologies.
The cost of excavation and repair can be reduced by introducing modern technologies:
Microtunneling technology - cheaper than traditional excavation and less damaging to the
infrastructure of road elements.
Horizontal drilling method - allows for the installation of pipes without excavation, which does
not damage the road surface.
Sensor systems and monitoring - by constantly monitoring the operation of engineering networks,
accidents can be prevented and repair costs can be reduced. Although the placement of
engineering networks underground requires a large initial investment, it increases the efficiency
of urban infrastructure in the long term. It is advisable to use modern technologies to reduce
damage to road infrastructure and optimize operating costs[4].
The most economically advantageous method of laying underground communications is the
combined complex laying of underground utilities in common collectors, as the most advanced
recommendation in terms of indicators.
When laying underground engineering communications underground, their laying using
protective layers increases the resistance of engineering communications to external (dynamic
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natural and man-made) influences and contributes to the reliable operation of the system.
To solve these problems, it is necessary to search for and implement modern urban planning and
engineering solutions for the placement of UMT. To analyze existing problems in this area and
consider modern solutions, as well as to identify promising areas for the development of UMT in
our cities in the future.
Conclusions and recommendations: The depth of laying of engineering networks (from 0.7
meters) is determined taking into account the technological features of their construction and
exploitation, natural factors; relief, geological, hydrogeological, climatic and other conditions[2].
The minimum depth of laying networks from planning features is determined in order to prevent
their accidental damage under the influence of static and dynamic
(transport) loads, taking into account the depth of soil freezing in a given area (0.50.7 m.)[3]
Laying of public transport in cities is a complex and multifaceted task, requiring innovative
solutions and integrated approaches. GIS, 3D modeling, sensor monitoring systems and "smart"
networks allow making public transport more efficient, reliable and sustainable. In the future, the
wider application of these technologies in the field of public transport and the development of
new solutions will greatly contribute to the modern sustainable development of cities.
Taking into account territorial planning documents in the planning of public transport
Widespread use of GIS technologies in public transport management
Promoting the use of technologies in repair and reconstruction work
Introducing sensor systems to monitor the condition of public transport
Supporting the use of sustainable materials and technologies
Encouraging scientific research and introducing innovations in the field It is necessary to
review successful projects for the deployment of underground utilities in various cities.
The above conclusions and recommendations can be used as a broad application and
recommendation in the field of urban planning, planning and development of underground
engineering networks in our cities.
References:
1. Khotamov A.T., Shakhidov A.F. Textbook "City streets, roads and transport", UzR OOMTV.
Tashkent-2019
2. Shukurov I.S., Khotamov A.T., "Engineering preparation of the urban area" Textbook.
Textbook for students and graduate students of the higher educational institution - Tashkent.,
(publisher), 2014. - 240 pages.
3. L.S. Malisky, V.K. Kukanov. Proektirovanie i stroitelstvo underground engineering setey.
Uchebnoe posobie / MALI. M., 1987,-50s
4. P.A. Slepnev, I.A. Chizhikov Planirovanie injenernyx setey i oborudovaniya uchebno-
metodicheskoe posobie — Moscow : Izdatelstvo MISI – MGSU, 2021
5. Muminov N.Sh., Usmanov K.T. Sovremennaya transportnaya infrastruktura gorodov:
Uchebnoe posobie: Tashkent. "Izdatelstvo Tashkent architectural and construction university" -
2023 / 205 str.
6. A.T. Khotamov, Q.T. Usmanov "Complex beautification of the city area". Study guide.
Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan, TAQI,
Tashkent, 2014. 160 pages
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7.ShNQ 2.01.01-22 “Climatic and physical-geological data for design”
Usmonov Q.T., Orazbaeva N.M. “Urban planning analysis of the state of underground
engineering networks in our cities today” Scientific and practical journal of architecture,
construction and design. No. 1104. TAQU, issue 3, September 2024.
